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Observational physics of mirror world
The existence of the whole world of shadow particles, interacting with each other and having no mutual interactions with ordinary particles except gravity is a specific feature of modern superstring models, being considered as models of the theory of everything. The presence of shadow particles is the necessary condition in the superstring models, providing compensation of the asymmetry of left and right chirality states of ordinary particles. If compactification of additional dimensions retains the symmetry of left and right states, shadow world turns to be the mirror one, with particles and fields having properties strictly symmetrical to the ones of corresponding ordinary particles and fields. Owing to the strict symmetry of physical laws for ordinary and mirror particles, the analysis of cosmological evolution of mirror matter provides rather definite conclusions on possible effects of mirror particles in the universe. A general qualitative discussion of possible astronomical impact of mirror matter is given, in order to make as wide as possible astronomical observational searches for the effects of mirror world, being the unique way to test the existence of mirror partners of ordinary particles in the Nature.
Search for high-mass resonances in dilepton final states in proton-proton collisions at $\sqrt{s}=$ 13 TeV
A search is presented for new high-mass resonances decaying into electron or muon pairs. The search uses proton-proton collision data at a centre-of-mass energy of 13 TeV collected by the CMS experiment at the LHC in 2016, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 36 fb$^{−1}$. Observations are in agreement with standard model expectations. Upper limits on the product of a new resonance production cross section and branching fraction to dileptons are calculated in a model-independent manner. This permits the interpretation of the limits in models predicting a narrow dielectron or dimuon resonance. A scan of different intrinsic width hypotheses is performed. Limits are set on the masses of various hypothetical particles. For the $ {Z}_{\mathrm{SSM}}^{\prime}\left({Z}_{{}^{\psi}}^{\prime}\right) $ particle, which arises in the sequential standard model (superstring-inspired model), a lower mass limit of 4.50 (3.90) TeV is set at 95% confidence level. The lightest Kaluza-Klein graviton arising in the Randall-Sundrum model of extra dimensions, with coupling parameters k/M$_{Pl}$ of 0.01, 0.05, and 0.10, is excluded at 95% confidence level below 2.10, 3.65, and 4.25 TeV, respectively. In a simplified model of dark matter production via a vector or axial vector mediator, limits at 95% confidence level are obtained on the masses of the dark matter particle and its mediator.
Superstrings with the Galileon measure
The modified measure theories recommend themselves as a good possibility to go beyond the standard formulation to solve yet unsolved problems. The Galileon measure that is constructed in the way to be invariant under the Galileon shift symmetry is considered in the context of superstring theory. The translation invariance of the vacuum holds up to Galileon transformations. The supersymmetric action is presented with all terms, including the tension, being derived from the equations of motion.
Analytical model for CMB temperature angular power spectrum from cosmic (super-)strings
We present a new analytical method to calculate the small angle cosmic microwave background (CMB) temperature angular power spectrum due to cosmic (super-)string segments. In particular, using our method, we clarify the dependence on the intercommuting probability P. We find that the power spectrum is dominated by Poisson-distributed string segments. The power spectrum for a general value of P has a plateau on large angular scales and shows a power-law decrease on small angular scales. The resulting spectrum in the case of conventional cosmic strings is in very good agreement with the numerical result obtained by Fraisse et al.. Then we estimate the upper bound on the dimensionless tension of the string for various values of P by assuming that the fraction of the CMB power spectrum due to cosmic (super-)strings is less than ten percent at various angular scales up to l=2000. We find that the amplitude of the spectrum increases as the intercommuting probability. As a consequence, strings with smaller intercommuting probabilities are found to be more tightly constrained.
Proliferation of sharp kinks on cosmic (super)string loops with junctions
Motivated by their effect on the gravitational wave signal emitted by cosmic strings, we study the dynamics of kinks on strings of different tensions meeting at junctions. The propagation of a kink through a Y junction leads to the formation of three 'daughter' kinks. Assuming a uniform distribution of the incoming wave vectors at the junction, we find there is a significant region of configuration space in which the sharpness of at least one of the daughter kinks is enhanced relative to the sharpness of the initial kink. For closed loops with junctions we show this leads to an exponential growth in time of very sharp kinks. Using numerical simulations of realistic, evolving cosmic string loops with junctions to calculate the distribution of kink amplitudes as a function of time, we show that loops of this kind typically develop several orders of magnitude of very sharp kinks before the two junctions collide. This collision, or other effects such as gravitational backreaction, may end the proliferation.
Calculation of multiloop amplitudes in the theory of closed oriented superstrings
Multiloop superstring amplitudes are obtained upon integrating local amplitudes with respect to modular parameters of the Schottky supergroup and with respect to vertex coordinates in the nonsplit (1|1) complex supermanifold. Ambiguities in this integration are removed by the condition requiring that the local symmetries of the amplitudes under discussion be conserved. Local superstring amplitudes are calculated by summing local fermion-string amplitudes. The resulting superstring amplitudes are free from divergencies. The vacuum amplitude is zero, in just the same way as the one-, two-, and three-point massless-boson amplitudes are. The amplitudes in question vanish after integration of corresponding local amplitudes with respect to interaction-vertex coordinates and with respect to the limiting points of the Schottky supergroup, with the exception of those (3|2) points that are fixed by SL(2) symmetry.
Superstring-inspired E{sub 6} unification, shadow theta-particles and cosmology
No abstract prepared.
Aspects of Pohlmeyer reduction for superstrings in AdS{sub 5} × S{sup 5}
We review some recent work on Pohlmeyer reduced theory associated to superstring theory in AdS{sub 5} × S {sup 5}. We discuss the S-matrix of the reduced theory and also the computation of the 2-loop correction to the partition function in a non-trivial background.
Visible and Dark Groups of Spacetime
A remarkable correspondence exists between lattices generated by discrete Jordan algebras and symmetries of superstrings, strongly suggesting that all known superstring theories are related and descend from a more general theory related to the Conway–Sloane transhyperbolic group. Cartan tori has visible spaces and G/ H Cartan generators as dark builders of G and determined by root lattices. E{sub 10} is shown as the dark group of the visible (9 + 1) space time with the Lorentz group O(9+1). Embedding of the higher exceptional groups will also be presented.
Superstrings in AdS superbackgrounds and their integrability
This contribution is mainly based on results of [1, 2]. We review the structure of Green-Schwarz superstrings on AdS backgrounds with the emphasis on peculiarities of those cases which are not maximally supersymmetric. In particular, we discuss complications which one encounters with the proof of classical integrability of non-maximally supersymmetric string sigma-models and describe a method of the construction of a Lax representation of the equations of motion which is capable to provide evidence for the integrability of sigma-models whose target space is not a semi-symmetric super-coset manifold.
Small field axion inflation with sub-Planckian decay constant
We study an axion inflation model recently proposed within the framework of type IIB superstring theory, where we pay a particular attention to a sub-Planckian axion decay constant. Our axion potential can lead to the small field inflation with a small tensor-to-scalar ratio, and a typical reheating temperature can be as low as GeV.
Closed superstrings in a uniform magnetic field and regularization criterion
We summarize exact solutions of closed superstrings in a constant magnetic field, from a viewpoint of the regularization criterion. Some models will be excluded according to this criterion.
Scaling configurations of cosmic superstring networks and their cosmological implications
We study the cosmic microwave background temperature and polarization spectra sourced by multitension cosmic-superstring networks. First, we obtain solutions for the characteristic length scales and velocities associated with the evolution of a network of F-D strings, allowing for the formation of junctions between strings of different tensions. We find two distinct regimes describing the resulting scaling distributions for the relative densities of the different types of strings, depending on the magnitude of the fundamental string coupling g{sub s}. In one of them, corresponding to the value of the coupling being of order unity, the network's stress-energy power spectrum is dominated by populous light F and D strings, while the other regime, at smaller values of g{sub s}, has the spectrum dominated by rare heavy D strings. These regimes are seen in the cosmic microwave background (CMB) anisotropies associated with the network. We focus on the dependence of the shape of the B-mode polarization spectrum on g{sub s} and show that measuring the peak position of the B-mode spectrum can point to a particular value of the string coupling. Finally, we assess how this result, along with pulsar bounds on the production of gravitational waves from strings, can be used to constrain a combination of g{sub s} and the fundamental string tension {mu}{sub F}. Since CMB and pulsar bounds constrain different combinations of the string tensions and densities, they result in distinct shapes of bounding contours in the ({mu}{sub F},g{sub s}) parameter plane, thus providing complementary constraints on the properties of cosmic superstrings.
Anyons from Strings
The Nambu-Goto string in a three-dimensional (3D) Minkowski spacetime is quantized preserving Lorentz invariance and parity. The spectrum of massive states contains anyons. An ambiguity in the ground state energy is resolved by the 3D N=1 Green-Schwarz superstring, which has massless ground states describing a dilaton and dilatino, and first-excited states of spin 1/4.
Searching for string resonances in e{sup +}e{sup -} and {gamma}{gamma} collisions
If the fundamental mass scale of superstring theory is as low as a few TeVs, the massive modes of vibrating strings, Regge excitations, will be copiously produced at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC). We discuss the complementary signals of low-mass superstrings at the proposed electron-positron facility (CLIC), in e{sup +}e{sup -} and {gamma}{gamma} collisions. We examine all relevant four-particle amplitudes evaluated at the center-of-mass energies near the mass of lightest Regge excitations and extract the corresponding pole terms. The Regge poles of all four-point amplitudes, in particular, the spin content of the resonances, are completely model-independent, universal properties of the entire landscape of string compactifications. We show that {gamma}{gamma}{yields}e{sup +}e{sup -} scattering proceeds only through a spin-2 Regge state. We estimate that for this particular channel, string scales as high as 4 TeV can be discovered at the 11{sigma} level with the first fb{sup -1} of data collected at a center-of-mass energy {approx_equal}5 TeV. We also show that for e{sup +}e{sup -} annihilation into fermion-antifermion pairs, string theory predicts the precise value, equal to 1/3, of the relative weight of spin 2 and spin 1 contributions. This yields a dimuon angular distribution with a pronounced forward-backward asymmetry, which will help distinguishing between low-mass strings and other beyond the standard model scenarios.
Effect of Extra Dimensions on Gravitational Waves from Cosmic Strings
We show how the motion of cosmic superstrings in extra dimensions can modify the gravitational wave signal from cusps. Additional dimensions both round off cusps, as well as reducing the probability of their formation, and thus give a significant dimension dependent damping of the gravitational waves. We look at the implication of this effect for LIGO and LISA, as well as commenting on more general frequency bands.