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At least 19 records
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2023

Properties of Gaseous Deprotonated L-Cysteine S-Sulfate Anion [cysS-SO3]−: Intramolecular H-Bond Network, Electron Affinity, Chemically Active Site, and Vibrational Fingerprints

L-cysteine S-sulfate, Cys-SSO3H, and their derivatives play essential roles in biological chemistry and pharmaceutical synthesis, yet their intrinsic molecular properties have not been studied to date. In this contribution, the deprotonated anion [cysS-SO3]− was introduced in the gas phase by electrospray and characterized by size-selected, cryogenic, negative ion photoelectron spectroscopy. The electron affinity of the [cysS-SO3]• radical was determined to be 4.95 ± 0.10 eV. In combination with theoretical calculations, it was found that the most stable structure of [cysS-SO3]− (S1) is stabilized via three intramolecular hydrogen bonds (HBs); i.e., one O-H……N between the -COOH and -NH2 groups, and two N-H……O HBs between -NH2 and -SO3, in which the amino group serves as both HB acceptor and donor. In addition, a nearly iso-energetic conformer (S2) with the formation of an O-H……N-H……O-S chain-type binding motif competes with S1 in the source. The most reactive site of the molecule susceptible for electrophilic attacks is the linkage S atom. Theoretically predicted infrared spectra indicate that O-H and N-H stretching modes are the fingerprint region (2800 to 3600 cm−1) to distinguish different isomers. The obtained information lays out a foundation to better understand the transformation and structure–reactivity correlation of Cys-SSO3H in biologic settings.

74 ATOMIC AND MOLECULAR PHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on NaH12AuC4(SO3)4 by Materials Project

NaAuC2H6(SO3)4(CH3)2 crystallizes in the triclinic P-1 space group. The structure is two-dimensional and consists of two methane molecules and one NaAuC2H6(SO3)4 sheet oriented in the (0, 0, 1) direction. In the NaAuC2H6(SO3)4 sheet, Na1+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form NaO6 octahedra that share corners with two equivalent SCO3 tetrahedra. There are a spread of Na–O bond distances ranging from 2.40–2.60 Å. Au3+ is bonded in a square co-planar geometry to four O2- atoms. All Au–O bond lengths are 2.04 Å. C4+ is bonded in a trigonal non-coplanar geometry to three H1+ and one S2- atom. There is one shorter (1.09 Å) and two longer (1.10 Å) C–H bond length. The C–S bond length is 1.77 Å. There are three inequivalent H1+ sites. In the first H1+ site, H1+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one C4+ atom. In the second H1+ site, H1+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one C4+ atom. In the third H1+ site, H1+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one C4+ atom. There are two inequivalent S2- sites. In the first S2- site, S2- is bonded to one C4+ and three O2- atoms to form distorted SCO3 tetrahedra that share a cornercorner with one NaO6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedral tilt angles are 19°. There is two shorter (1.45 Å) and one longer (1.57 Å) S–O bond length. In the second S2- site, S2- is bonded in a distorted trigonal non-coplanar geometry to three O2- atoms. There is two shorter (1.45 Å) and one longer (1.56 Å) S–O bond length. There are six inequivalent O2- sites. In the first O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted linear geometry to one Na1+ and one S2- atom. In the second O2- site, O2- is bonded in a bent 120 degrees geometry to one Au3+ and one S2- atom. In the third O2- site, O2- is bonded in a bent 120 degrees geometry to one Au3+ and one S2- atom. In the fourth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted bent 120 degrees geometry to one Na1+ and one S2- atom. In the fifth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one S2- atom. In the sixth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted bent 150 degrees geometry to one Na1+ and one S2- atom.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on Tl2Cu(SO3)2 by Materials Project

CuTl2(SO3)2 crystallizes in the monoclinic Cm space group. The structure is two-dimensional and consists of one CuTl2(SO3)2 sheet oriented in the (0, 0, 1) direction. Cu2+ is bonded in an octahedral geometry to six O2- atoms. There are a spread of Cu–O bond distances ranging from 2.02–2.57 Å. There are two inequivalent Tl3+ sites. In the first Tl3+ site, Tl3+ is bonded in a 2-coordinate geometry to two equivalent O2- atoms. Both Tl–O bond lengths are 2.84 Å. In the second Tl3+ site, Tl3+ is bonded in a distorted bent 120 degrees geometry to two equivalent O2- atoms. Both Tl–O bond lengths are 2.84 Å. There are two inequivalent S2+ sites. In the first S2+ site, S2+ is bonded in a trigonal non-coplanar geometry to three O2- atoms. There is one shorter (1.52 Å) and two longer (1.57 Å) S–O bond length. In the second S2+ site, S2+ is bonded in a trigonal non-coplanar geometry to three O2- atoms. There is one shorter (1.52 Å) and two longer (1.57 Å) S–O bond length. There are four inequivalent O2- sites. In the first O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted single-bond geometry to one Cu2+, two equivalent Tl3+, and one S2+ atom. In the second O2- site, O2- is bonded in a bent 120 degrees geometry to one Cu2+ and one S2+ atom. In the third O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted single-bond geometry to one Cu2+, two equivalent Tl3+, and one S2+ atom. In the fourth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a bent 120 degrees geometry to one Cu2+ and one S2+ atom.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on SO3 by Materials Project

SO3 crystallizes in the monoclinic P2_1/c space group. The structure is one-dimensional and consists of two SO3 ribbons oriented in the (0, 1, 0) direction. S6+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form corner-sharing SO4 tetrahedra. There are a spread of S–O bond distances ranging from 1.42–1.66 Å. There are three inequivalent O2- sites. In the first O2- site, O2- is bonded in a bent 120 degrees geometry to two equivalent S6+ atoms. In the second O2- site, O2- is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one S6+ atom. In the third O2- site, O2- is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one S6+ atom.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2022

Infrared Absorption Spectra of H2SO4, SO3, SO2, and H2O at 300C and 350C

Mid infrared absorption spectra of sulfuric acid (H2SO4), sulfur trioxide (SO3), sulfur dioxide (SO2), and water (H2O) were collected in a high temperature gas cell operating at either 300C or 350C. The spectra were collected using tunable external cavity quantum cascade lasers (ECQCLs) tuning, which were capable of operating over the wavelength range from approximately 7 microns to 9 microns, where H2SO4 and SO3 have their strongest absorption features. The spectra can be used as a library for developing gas sensors.

infrared absorption↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on ZnH6C2(SO3)2 by Materials Project

ZnC2H6(SO3)2 crystallizes in the monoclinic Cc space group. The structure is three-dimensional. Zn2+ is bonded in a distorted octahedral geometry to six O2- atoms. There are a spread of Zn–O bond distances ranging from 2.02–2.46 Å. There are two inequivalent C4+ sites. In the first C4+ site, C4+ is bonded in a trigonal non-coplanar geometry to two H1+ and one O2- atom. Both C–H bond lengths are 1.10 Å. The C–O bond length is 1.40 Å. In the second C4+ site, C4+ is bonded in a trigonal non-coplanar geometry to two H1+ and one O2- atom. Both C–H bond lengths are 1.10 Å. The C–O bond length is 1.41 Å. There are six inequivalent H1+ sites. In the first H1+ site, H1+ is bonded in a distorted single-bond geometry to two O2- atoms. There is one shorter (1.00 Å) and one longer (1.65 Å) H–O bond length. In the second H1+ site, H1+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one O2- atom. The H–O bond length is 0.99 Å. In the third H1+ site, H1+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one C4+ atom. In the fourth H1+ site, H1+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one C4+ atom. In the fifth H1+ site, H1+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one C4+ atom. In the sixth H1+ site, H1+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one C4+ atom. There are two inequivalent S2- sites. In the first S2- site, S2- is bonded in a distorted water-like geometry to two O2- atoms. There is one shorter (1.54 Å) and one longer (1.56 Å) S–O bond length. In the second S2- site, S2- is bonded in a distorted water-like geometry to two O2- atoms. There is one shorter (1.54 Å) and one longer (1.56 Å) S–O bond length. There are six inequivalent O2- sites. In the first O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted bent 120 degrees geometry to one Zn2+ and one S2- atom. In the second O2- site, O2- is bonded in a bent 120 degrees geometry to one Zn2+ and one S2- atom. In the third O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted bent 120 degrees geometry to one Zn2+, one C4+, and one H1+ atom. In the fourth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a bent 120 degrees geometry to one Zn2+ and one S2- atom. In the fifth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a trigonal planar geometry to one Zn2+, one H1+, and one S2- atom. In the sixth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 2-coordinate geometry to one Zn2+, one C4+, and one H1+ atom.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on NaTl3(SO3)2 by Materials Project

NaTl3(SO3)2 crystallizes in the trigonal P-3m1 space group. The structure is three-dimensional. Na1+ is bonded in an octahedral geometry to six equivalent O2- atoms. All Na–O bond lengths are 2.51 Å. There are two inequivalent Tl+2.33+ sites. In the first Tl+2.33+ site, Tl+2.33+ is bonded in a distorted q6 geometry to nine equivalent O2- atoms. There are six shorter (3.02 Å) and three longer (3.11 Å) Tl–O bond lengths. In the second Tl+2.33+ site, Tl+2.33+ is bonded in a 6-coordinate geometry to six equivalent O2- atoms. All Tl–O bond lengths are 2.97 Å. S2+ is bonded in a trigonal non-coplanar geometry to three equivalent O2- atoms. All S–O bond lengths are 1.55 Å. O2- is bonded in a 2-coordinate geometry to one Na1+, four Tl+2.33+, and one S2+ atom.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on LiH12AuC4(SO3)4 by Materials Project

LiAuC4H12(SO3)4 crystallizes in the tetragonal I-4 space group. The structure is three-dimensional. Li1+ is bonded in a tetrahedral geometry to four equivalent O2- atoms. All Li–O bond lengths are 2.00 Å. Au3+ is bonded in a rectangular see-saw-like geometry to four equivalent O2- atoms. All Au–O bond lengths are 2.04 Å. C4+ is bonded in a trigonal non-coplanar geometry to three H1+ and one S2- atom. There is one shorter (1.09 Å) and two longer (1.10 Å) C–H bond length. The C–S bond length is 1.77 Å. There are three inequivalent H1+ sites. In the first H1+ site, H1+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one C4+ atom. In the second H1+ site, H1+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one C4+ atom. In the third H1+ site, H1+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one C4+ atom. S2- is bonded in a distorted trigonal non-coplanar geometry to one C4+ and three O2- atoms. There are a spread of S–O bond distances ranging from 1.45–1.56 Å. There are three inequivalent O2- sites. In the first O2- site, O2- is bonded in a bent 120 degrees geometry to one Au3+ and one S2- atom. In the second O2- site, O2- is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one S2- atom. In the third O2- site, O2- is bonded in a bent 150 degrees geometry to one Li1+ and one S2- atom.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on Sr4CaMn2(SO3)2 by Materials Project

Computed materials data using density functional theory calculations. These calculations determine the electronic structure of bulk materials by solving approximations to the Schrodinger equation. For more information, see https://materialsproject.org/docs/calculations

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2021

Producing cement clinker assemblages in the system: CaO-SiO2-Al2O3-SO3-CaCl2-MgO

Highlights: • Alinite formation conditions are optimised. • Ye'elimite and alinite cannot be simultaneously produced. • Ternesite and chlormayenite are compatible at 1150 °C. • Alite is formed at a reduced temperature of 1300 °C. • Wadalite and chlorellestadite can incorporate chloride in cement clinker assemblages. The cement industry is carbon-intensive, and the valorisation of industrial side-streams/residuals for use as alternative raw materials can enable the cement industry to reduce its carbon footprint as well as promote resource efficiency. Apart from key clinker ingredients such as CaO, Al{sub 2}O{sub 3}, and SiO{sub 2}, industrial residues can also contain MgO, CaCl{sub 2}, and SO{sub 3}. Therefore, this study investigates the formation of cement clinker assemblages in the system CaO-SiO{sub 2}-Al{sub 2}O{sub 3}-SO{sub 3}-CaCl{sub 2}-MgO at temperatures ranging between 1100 and 1300 °C. The production of a clinker composed mainly of alinite and ye'elimite is first attempted; it is found that these phases cannot be simultaneously produced. Ternesite is also not compatible with alinite under the conditions studied. Wadalite is compatible with both ye'elimite and ternesite, while ternesite is also compatible with chlormayenite at 1150 °C. Additionally, the low-temperature formation of alite was also observed with the presence of CaCl{sub 2} in the raw-material mix.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2021

Mid Infra-Red Laser Sensor for Continuous Sulfur Trioxide Monitoring to Improve Coal-Fired Power Plant Performance during Flexible Operations

During the course of this project, we performed exhaustive research and development of SO3/H2SO4 sensing technology for coal-fired power plant applications (Figure 1). The development culminated in a successful field campaign of a prototype continuous real-time H2SO4 monitor at a coal-fired power plant (TRL 6) accomplishing the primary goal of the project. The developed sensors utilize tunable laser absorption spectroscopy (TLAS) operating in the mid-infrared (Mid-IR) wavelength region, which is the so-called “molecular fingerprint” region. Systems operating in the Mid-IR have orders of magnitude more sensitivity than systems operating at shorter wavelengths, such as near-infrared (NIR). However, NIR systems are more widespread due to more mature supporting technology (e.g., fiber optics, optical components, etc.). In this project, we not only produced a specific Mid-IR sensor, we also advanced Mid-IR sensor technology in general through the development and demonstration of such supporting technology. In this project, we also developed proprietary broad tuning lasers enabling the ability to effectively measure SO3, H2SO4, H2O, and SO2. Different molecular species have unique spectral signatures that can be probed with lasers operating at different wavelengths. Standard TLAS uses relatively narrow wavelength tuning distributed feedback (DFB) lasers, which can typically only target a single species with narrow features, and are not appropriate for species with broad features, such as SO3 or H2SO4. In contrast, by developing unique, broad-tuning laser technology, we were able to measure these species, as well as SO2 and H2O simultaneously. Furthermore, to enable real-time analysis at a power plant, we modified a commercially available heated gas cell to operate in the Mid-IR wavelength range and fiber coupled the lasers to enable remote delivery of the beams. To generate reference data (library spectra), our collaborators at the University of California Irvine (UCI) developed a catalytic SO3 generation facility. It is worth mentioning that representative H2SO4 and SO3 Mid-IR spectra are not a part of any publicly available database and the data generated under this project is a valuable resource in and of itself. In addition, based on the UCI study we determined that detection of SO3 is complicated by the very strong SO2 absorption. For that reason, we concentrated on H2SO4 detection. Since SO3 and H2SO4 exist in a flue gas in a state of equilibrium, which depends on temperature and humidity, by measuring water concentration and controlling the temperature of the gas cell, we developed an approach to determine SO3 concentration from the H2SO4 measurement. During the development phase of the project, we performed three testing campaigns at our collaborator’s FERCo flue gas facility with conditions representative of the coal-fired power plant (~ 40ppm SO3, 1700ppm to 2800 ppm SO2, 10% water) with the exception of particulate matter. After three test campaigns at FERCo we performed field testing at Harrison Power Station. The final system was mounted on a duct and measured H2SO4, SO2 and water. The tests were highly successful with a demonstrated real-time H2SO4 precision of 1 ppm with a 1 second update. Our collaborators at EPRI conducted an industry survey and determined that there is a very high interest for the SO3/H2SO4 monitoring in the power generation industry as well as in heavy industries in general. Furthermore, work performed by OptoKnowledge beyond the scope of this project under a synergistic DOE SBIR determined another approach to SO3 detection. We applied for Phase II on this SBIR for development a of versatile SO3/H2SO4 sensor but were not selected. We are currently looking for another opportunity to leverage all the technological advancements produced by this project including but not limited to the flue gas facility at UCI, the hardware and software developed, and relationships with FERCo, EPRI CEMTEK, and Harrison Station.

01 COAL, LIGNITE, AND PEAT↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on CaC2S2(OF)6 by Materials Project

Ca(SO3)2(CF3)2 crystallizes in the trigonal R-3 space group. The structure is two-dimensional and consists of six fluoroform molecules and three Ca(SO3)2 sheets oriented in the (0, 0, 1) direction. In each Ca(SO3)2 sheet, Ca2+ is bonded in an octahedral geometry to six equivalent O2- atoms. All Ca–O bond lengths are 2.33 Å. S4+ is bonded in a trigonal non-coplanar geometry to three equivalent O2- atoms. All S–O bond lengths are 1.46 Å. O2- is bonded in a distorted bent 150 degrees geometry to one Ca2+ and one S4+ atom.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on BaC2S2(OF)6 by Materials Project

Ba(SO3)2(CF3)2 crystallizes in the monoclinic C2/c space group. The structure is two-dimensional and consists of eight fluoroform molecules and two Ba(SO3)2 sheets oriented in the (1, 0, 0) direction. In each Ba(SO3)2 sheet, Ba2+ is bonded in a 8-coordinate geometry to eight O2- atoms. There are a spread of Ba–O bond distances ranging from 2.73–2.99 Å. S4+ is bonded in a trigonal non-coplanar geometry to three O2- atoms. There are a spread of S–O bond distances ranging from 1.45–1.48 Å. There are three inequivalent O2- sites. In the first O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted single-bond geometry to one Ba2+ and one S4+ atom. In the second O2- site, O2- is bonded in a single-bond geometry to two equivalent Ba2+ and one S4+ atom. In the third O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted single-bond geometry to one Ba2+ and one S4+ atom.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on NaH5S2O9 by Materials Project

(NaH4(SO3)2)2H2O2(O2)2 crystallizes in the monoclinic P2_1/c space group. The structure is two-dimensional and consists of two hydrogen peroxide molecules; four water molecules; four water molecules; and one NaH4(SO3)2 sheet oriented in the (1, 0, 0) direction. In the NaH4(SO3)2 sheet, Na1+ is bonded in a rectangular see-saw-like geometry to four O2- atoms. There are a spread of Na–O bond distances ranging from 2.26–2.48 Å. There are four inequivalent H1+ sites. In the first H1+ site, H1+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one S6+ atom. The H–S bond length is 1.40 Å. In the second H1+ site, H1+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one O2- atom. The H–O bond length is 1.00 Å. In the third H1+ site, H1+ is bonded in a linear geometry to two O2- atoms. There is one shorter (1.04 Å) and one longer (1.56 Å) H–O bond length. In the fourth H1+ site, H1+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one O2- atom. The H–O bond length is 1.00 Å. There are two inequivalent S6+ sites. In the first S6+ site, S6+ is bonded in a trigonal non-coplanar geometry to one H1+ and two O2- atoms. There is one shorter (1.50 Å) and one longer (1.53 Å) S–O bond length. In the second S6+ site, S6+ is bonded in a trigonal non-coplanar geometry to three O2- atoms. There are a spread of S–O bond distances ranging from 1.47–1.64 Å. There are six inequivalent O2- sites. In the first O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted bent 150 degrees geometry to one Na1+ and one S6+ atom. In the second O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted trigonal non-coplanar geometry to one Na1+, one H1+, and one S6+ atom. In the third O2- site, O2- is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one H1+ atom. In the fourth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a water-like geometry to one H1+ and one S6+ atom. In the fifth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a linear geometry to one Na1+ and one S6+ atom. In the sixth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 1-coordinate geometry to one Na1+, one H1+, and one S6+ atom.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Thermal Properties of Sodium Borosilicate Glasses as a Function of Sulfur Content

SO3 additions, up to 3.0 wt%, were systematically investigated for effects on the physical properties of sodium borosilicate glass melted in air, with a sulfur-free composition of 50SiO2-10Al2O3-12B2O3-21Na2O-7CaO (wt%). Solubility measurements, using electron microscopy chemical analysis, determined the maximum loading to be ~1.5 wt% SO3. It was found that sulfur (here as sulfate) in this glass increased the glass transition temperature, thermal diffusivity, heat capacity, and thermal conductivity, and decreased the mass density. Structural analysis, performed with Raman spectroscopy, indicated that the borosilicate network polymerized with sulfur additions, presumably due to Na2O being required to charge compensate the ionic SO42- additions, thus becoming unavailable to form non-bridging oxygen in the silicate network. It is postulated that this increased crosslinking of the borosilicate backbone lead to a structure with higher dimensionality and average bond energy. This increased the mean free paths and vibration frequency of the phonons, which resulted in the observed increase in thermal properties.

Thermal properties, Borosilicate glass, Sulfur sol↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on CuC2S2(OF)6 by Materials Project

Cu(CF3SO3)2 crystallizes in the triclinic P-1 space group. The structure is two-dimensional and consists of two fluoroform molecules and one Cu(SO3)2 sheet oriented in the (0, 0, 1) direction. In the Cu(SO3)2 sheet, Cu2+ is bonded in an octahedral geometry to six O2- atoms. There are a spread of Cu–O bond distances ranging from 1.99–2.40 Å. S4+ is bonded in a trigonal non-coplanar geometry to three O2- atoms. There is one shorter (1.44 Å) and two longer (1.48 Å) S–O bond length. There are three inequivalent O2- sites. In the first O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted single-bond geometry to one Cu2+ and one S4+ atom. In the second O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted bent 120 degrees geometry to one Cu2+ and one S4+ atom. In the third O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted bent 150 degrees geometry to one Cu2+ and one S4+ atom.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗