Engineering Papers⌕ Search

SEARCH · Engineering Papers

Results for “Real time”

Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 19 records
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2018

Quality Control Analysis in Real-time (QC-ART): A Tool for Real-time Quality Control Assessment of Mass Spectrometry-based Proteomics Data

Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS)-based proteomics studies of large sample cohorts can easily require from months to years to complete. Acquiring consistent, high-quality data in such large-scale studies is challenging because of normal variations in instrumentation performance over time, as well as artifacts introduced by the samples themselves, such as those due to collection, storage and processing. Existing quality control methods for proteomics data primarily focus on post-hoc analysis to remove low-quality data that would degrade downstream statistics; they are not designed to evaluate the data in near real-time, which would allow for interventions as soon as deviations in data quality are detected. In addition to flagging analyses that demonstrate outlier behavior, evaluating how the data structure changes over time can aide in understanding typical instrument performance or identify issues such as a degradation in data quality due to the need for instrument cleaning and/or re-calibration. To address this gap for proteomics, we developed Quality Control Analysis in Real-Time (QC-ART), a tool for evaluating data as they are acquired in order to dynamically flag potential issues with instrument performance or sample quality. QC-ART has similar accuracy as standard post-hoc analysis methods with the additional benefit of real-time analysis. We demonstrate the utility and performance of QC-ART in identifying deviations in data quality due to both instrument and sample issues in near real-time for LC-MS-based plasma proteomics analyses of a sample subset of The Environmental Determinants of Diabetes in the Young cohort. We also present a case where QC-ART facilitated the identification of oxidative modifications, which are often underappreciated in proteomic experiments.

Stanfill, Bryan A.↗
DOE OSTI2021

Excitonic wave-packet evolution in a two-orbital Hubbard model chain: A real-time real-space study

Motivated by experimental developments introducing the concept of spin-orbit separation, we study the real-space real-time evolution of an excitonic wave packet using a two-orbital Hubbard model in a chain. The exciton is created by exciting an electron from a lower-energy half-filled orbital to a higher-energy empty orbital. Here we carry out the real-time dynamics of the resulting excitonic wave packet using the time-dependent density matrix renormalization group. We find clear evidence of charge-spin and spin-orbit separation in real space, by tracking the time evolution of local observables. We show that the velocity of the orbiton can be tuned varying the interorbital interactions. We also present a comparative study of the dynamics of a hole in one-orbital and two-orbital Hubbard models. Moreover, we analyze the dynamics of an exciton with spin-flip excitation, where we observe fractionalized spinons induced by Hund's interaction.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗
DOE OSTI2020

Open-Source Framework for Data Storage and Visualization of Real-Time Experiments

Digital real time simulators (DRTS) are increasingly being used for the evaluation of power hardware and controller hardware in the laboratory prior to field deployment. Although DRTS are capable of simulating large models in real-time, it is challenging to visualize the results of large models without overdrawing or confounding the viewer. This paper provides an open-source framework for users to visualize their DRTS-based hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) experimental results in real-time. This proposed framework can be used by experimental test beds that can push data through an internet protocol based network. The proposed framework includes three main components. First, it includes the DRTS that generates and pushes the data to a relay. Second, it includes an application that serves multiple purposes, from data storage, testing, and translation of the data to a publisher/subscriber protocol. Finally, it includes libraries and applications that can be used to visualize the data by subscribing to the relay. This framework is available in open source, and it is tested using the HIL platform developed for testing advanced distribution management systems.

advanced distribution management systems↗
DOE OSTI2026

Trapped-ion Quantum Network Real-time Control Software (QuantNet Real-time Control) v0.1.0

This real-time control software for the QUANT-NET testbed is built upon the ARTIQ (Advanced Real-Time Infrastructure for Quantum physics) ecosystem. A central contribution of this work is the software's modular and reusable architecture, which facilitates the creation of hierarchical experimental control sequences by combining precomposed sequences and subsequences as building blocks within the framework.

Cheah, You-Wei [Lawrence Berkeley National Laborat↗
DOE OSTI2025

Real time computations of cryogenic He properties

The Fermilab PIP-II (proton improvement plan - II) project is being constructed at Fermilab to deliver $800\,MeV$ protons of $>1\,MW$ beam power to replace the present LINAC and provide protons to the remainder of the existing accelerator complex. The new LINAC consists of a warm front end, 23 superconducting RF cryomodules, and a beam transfer line to the existing complex. The cryomodules (CMs) are to be tested at Fermilab's CryoModule Test Facility (CMTF).An important measurement in cryogenic testing is the heat load of each CM. Traditionally, at Fermilab, these measurements were made collecting archived data offline and analyzing it. The new control system for PIP-II is being developed with the EPICS (Experimental Physics and Industrial Control System) framework, which allows us to compute the heat load in real time using the HePak library.We are exploring other $He$ properties, such as flow, where flow meters are not available, which can also be calculated in real time and fed back to the cryogenics engineers.This paper details the real time heat load calculation and $He$ flow software developed for CM testing at CMTF, as well as the first results from the prototype HB650 CM. Future plans for 2-phase $LHe$ flow will also be outlined.

Hanlet, Pierrick [Fermilab]↗
DOE OSTI2017

Conversion and Validation of Distribution System Model from a QSTS-Based Tool to a Real-Time Dynamic Phasor Simulator

A software process is developed to convert distribution network models from a quasi-static time-series tool (OpenDSS) to a real-time dynamic phasor simulator (ePHASORSIM). The description of this process in this paper would be helpful for researchers who intend to perform similar conversions. The converter could be utilized directly by users of real-time simulators who intend to perform software-in-the-loop or hardware-in-the-loop tests on large distribution test feeders for a range of use cases, including testing functions of advanced distribution management systems against a simulated distribution system. In the future, the developers intend to release the conversion tool as open source to enable use by others.

24 POWER TRANSMISSION AND DISTRIBUTION↗
DOE OSTI2016

Real-time radiative divertor feedback control development for the NSTX-U tokamak using a vacuum ultraviolet spectrometer

A radiative divertor technique is planned for the NSTX-U tokamak to prevent excessive erosion and thermal damage of divertor plasma-facing components in H-mode plasma discharges with auxiliary heating up to 12 MW. In the radiative (partially detached) divertor, extrinsically seeded deuterium or impurity gases are used to increase plasma volumetric power and momentum losses. A real-time feedback control of the gas seeding rate is planned for discharges of up to 5 s duration. The outer divertor leg plasma electron temperature T{sub e} estimated spectroscopically in real time will be used as a control parameter. A vacuum ultraviolet spectrometer McPherson Model 251 with a fast charged-coupled device detector is developed for temperature monitoring between 5 and 30 eV, based on the Δn = 0, 1 line intensity ratios of carbon, nitrogen, or neon ion lines in the spectral range 300–1600 Å. A collisional-radiative model-based line intensity ratio will be used for relative calibration. A real-time T{sub e}-dependent signal within a characteristic divertor detachment equilibration time of ∼10–15 ms is expected.

46 INSTRUMENTATION RELATED TO NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND ↗
DOE OSTI2025

Integration of a real-time orientation measurement system for a real-time evaluator (RTE) to measure the position and orientation of crane-lifted components

Prefabrication of building components holds the potential to revolutionize the construction industry. Prefabrication consists of manufacturing building components, modules, and other elements in a factory to be shipped and installed on a construction site. Prefabricated components have been produced for various applications including precast concrete panels for new construction and exterior wall retrofits. The manufacturing process has seen much innovation in recent years; however, the installation process has seen minimal advancements. A real-time evaluator (RTE) was developed to reduce the installation cost of prefabricated components by reducing installation time, decreasing rework, and improving accuracy. The RTE uses off-the-shelf hardware and novel algorithms to assist erectors with component installation by measuring the real-time positions of connections and prefabricated components, providing installation guidance through a graphical user interface, and monitoring the accumulated installation errors. An overview of the RTE and the proposed workflow is presented. Previous on-site demonstrations provided valuable feedback from users on the potential areas for improvement of the system. One common request was real-time measurement of component orientation during lifting, a process that previously required that the component remain stationary while the laser tracker cycled through target prisms. This paper will present the incorporation and testing of a real-time orientation measurement system as it was implemented into the RTE, allowing for measurement of component orientation during movement.

Selvakumar, Balaji [ORNL]↗
DOE OSTI2020

Automated Data Acquisition Software for National Instruments Hardware with Timed Acquisition, Real-Time Display and Spectrogram, and Data Redundancy. Current version is Version 7 of DataAcq.exe.RElease1.2.4.26.

This software automates the collection of waveform data on a timed schedule so that an operator does not need to be at the computer to initiate the collection of data sets.It provides real time display of up to 16 channels of data as a time display, frequency display, or frequency vs time (spectrogram) display. The software provides the ability to collect data sets of a user selected time length at a selected interval. This operation can be set to occur during a selected time interval during the day. This software provides the capability to write two copies of the data files simultaneously so that the data is backed up as collected. This software automates the collection of waveform data on a timed schedule so that an operator does not need to be at the computer to initiate the collection of data sets. It provides real time display of up to 16 channels of data as a time display, frequency display, or frequency vs time (spectrogram) display. The software provides the ability to collect data sets of a user selected time length at a selected interval. This operation can be set to occur during a selected time interval during the day. This software provides the capability to write two copies of the data files simultaneously so that the data is backed up as collected.

Wysor, Robert W↗
DOE OSTI2018

Practical Implementation of Synchrophasor Based Real-Time Contingency Analysis

Synchrophasor technology is increasingly accepted and adopted by the power industry. Linear State Estimator (LSE) is a recent development in the synchrophasor industry, and has been integrated and deployed at control centers, providing improved coverage and greater reliability from synchrophasor systems. This paper describes a first-of-a-kind synchrophasor based real-time contingency analysis (RTCA), which takes the LSE solved case as input, and then solves the what-if cases to provide timely information about impending grid problems to system operators. Test results on IEEE 39 bus and 300 bus system demonstrate the accuracy of the method for solving the RTCA problem using synchrophasor data. With this the synchrophasor measurement system provides an independent real-time monitoring and operation system which utilizes PMU data alone.

Nayak, Neeraj↗
DOE OSTI2014

A real-time applicator position monitoring system for gynecologic intracavitary brachytherapy

Purpose: To develop a real-time applicator position monitoring system (RAPS) for intracavitary brachytherapy using an infrared camera and reflective markers. Methods: 3D image-guided brachytherapy requires high accuracy of applicator localization; however, applicator displacement can happen during patient transfer for imaging and treatment delivery. No continuous applicator position monitoring system is currently available. The RAPS system was developed for real-time applicator position monitoring without additional radiation dose to patients. It includes an infrared camera, reflective markers, an infrared illuminator, and image processing software. After reflective markers are firmly attached to the applicator and the patient body, applicator displacement can be measured by computing the relative change in distance between the markers. The reflective markers are magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) compatible, which is suitable for MRI-guided HDR brachytherapy paradigm. In our prototype, a Microsoft Kinect sensor with a resolution of 640 by 480 pixels is used as an infrared camera. A phantom study was carried out to compare RAPS' measurements with known displacements ranging from −15 to +15 mm. A reproducibility test was also conducted. Results: The RAPS can achieve 4 frames/s using a laptop with Intel{sup ®} Core™2 Duo processor. When the pixel size is 0.95 mm, the difference between RAPS' measurements and known shift values varied from 0 to 0.8 mm with the mean value of 0.1 mm and a standard deviation of 0.44 mm. The system reproducibility was within 0.6 mm after ten reposition trials. Conclusions: This work demonstrates the feasibility of a real-time infrared camera based gynecologic intracavitary brachytherapy applicator monitoring system. Less than 1 mm accuracy is achieved when using an off-the-shelf infrared camera.

62 RADIOLOGY AND NUCLEAR MEDICINE↗
DOE OSTI2023

Development of ML FPGA Filter for Particle Identification and Tracking in Real Time

Real-time data processing is a frontier field in experimental particle physics. Machine Learning methods are widely used and have proven to be very powerful in particle physics. The growing computational power of modern FPGA boards allows us to add more sophisticated algorithms for real time data processing. Many tasks could be solved using modern Machine Learning (ML) algorithms which are naturally suited for FPGA architectures. The FPGA-based machine learning algorithm provides an extremely low, sub-microsecond, latency decision and makes information-rich data sets for event selection. We report work has started to evaluate an FPGA based Machine Learning (ML) algorithm for a real-time particle identification and tracking with Transition Radiation Detector (TRD) and e/m calorimeter. The first target is the GlueX experiment, with a plan to build a TRD based on GEM technology. GlueX trigger latency is 3.3 μs.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2026

Towards a self-driving trigger at the LHC: adaptive response in real time

Real-time data filtering and selection—or trigger—systems at high-throughput scientific facilities such as the experiments at the Large Hadron Collider must process extremely high-rate data streams under stringent bandwidth, latency, and storage constraints. Yet these systems are typically designed as static, hand-tuned menus of selection criteria grounded in prior knowledge and simulation. In this work, we further explore the concept of a self-driving trigger, an autonomous data-filtering framework that reallocates resources and adjusts thresholds dynamically in real-time to optimize signal efficiency, rate stability, and computational cost as instrumentation and environmental conditions evolve. We introduce a benchmark ecosystem to emulate realistic collider scenarios and demonstrate real-time optimization of a menu including canonical energy sum triggers as well as modern anomaly-detection algorithms that target non-standard event topologies using machine learning. Using simulated data streams and publicly available collision data from the Compact Muon Solenoid experiment, we demonstrate the capability to dynamically and automatically optimize trigger performance under specific cost objectives without manual retuning. Our adaptive strategy shifts trigger design from static menus with heuristic tuning to intelligent, automated, data-driven control, unlocking greater flexibility and discovery potential in future high-energy physics analyses.

Emami, Shaghayegh [Michigan U.] (ORCID:00090007589↗
DOE OSTI2019

Evaluation of regional CO2 mole fractions in the ECMWF CAMS real-time atmospheric analysis and NOAA CarbonTracker Near-Real Time reanalysis with airborne observations from ACT-America field campaigns

This study systematically examines the regional uncertainties and biases in carbon dioxide (CO2) mole fractions from two of the state-of-the-art global analysis products, namely the Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service (CAMS) real-time atmospheric analysis from the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts and the Carbon- Tracker Near-Real Time (CT-NRT) reanalysis from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, by evaluation against hundreds of hours of airborne in situ measurements from the summer 2016 and winter 2017 Atmospheric Carbon and Transport (ACT) { America eld campaigns. Both the CAMS and CT-NRT analyses agree reasonably well with the independent ACT-America airborne CO2 measurements in the free troposphere, with root-mean-square deviations (RMSDs) between analyses and observations generally between 1{2 ppm, but show considerably larger uncertainties in the atmospheric boundary layer where the RMSDs are as large as 10 ppm in the lowermost 500 m of the boundary layer. There are strong variations in accuracy and bias between seasons, and across three different sub-regions in the United States (Mid-Atlantic, Midwest and South), with the largest uncertainties in the Mid-Atlantic region in summer. Overall, the RMSDs of the CAMS and CT-NRT analyses against airborne data are comparable to each other, and grossly consistent with the difference between the two analyses. The current study provides uncertainty estimates for both analysis products over North America and suggests that these two independent estimates can be used to approximate regional CO2 analysis uncertainties. Both statistics are important in future studies in quantifying the uncertainties in regional CO2 mole fraction and flux estimates.

Chen, Hans↗
DOE OSTI2018

Efficient Optimization of Large Wind Farms for Real-Time Control: Preprint

Wind turbines in a wind farm typically operate individually to maximize their own performance regardless of the impact of aerodynamic interactions on neighboring turbines. Properly coordinating turbines, by operating some turbines suboptimally, within a wind farm has the potential to improve overall wind farm performance. Computing the optimal control strategy under varying atmospheric conditions can be computationally intense for large wind farms. As wind power farms increase in size and related models become more complex, computationally efficient algorithms are needed to perform real-time optimization and control. This study proposes a distributed optimization framework and computationally efficient wake steering wind farm control strategy that uses the yaw angle of a turbine to alter the behavior of a turbine wake and minimize turbine interactions. This computational efficiency allows the strategy to be feasible for real-time control.

17 WIND ENERGY↗
DOE OSTI2019

Assessing density functional theory in real-time and real-space as a tool for studying bacteriochlorophylls and the light-harvesting complex 2

We use real-time density functional theory on a real-space grid to calculate electronic excitations of bacteriochlorophyll chromophores of the light-harvesting complex 2 (LH2). Comparison with Gaussian basis set calculations allows us to assess the numerical trust range for computing electron dynamics in coupled chromophores with both types of techniques. Tuned range-separated hybrid calculations for one bacteriochlorophyll as well as two coupled ones are used as a reference against which we compare results from the adiabatic time-dependent local density approximation (TDLDA). The tuned range-separated hybrid calculations lead to a qualitatively correct description of the electronic excitations and couplings. They allow us to identify spurious charge-transfer excitations that are obtained with the TDLDA. When we take into account the environment that the LH2 protein complex forms for the bacteriochlorophylls, we find that it substantially shifts the energy of the spurious charge-transfer excitations, restoring a qualitatively correct electronic coupling of the dominant excitations also for TDLDA.

59 BASIC BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES↗