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All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on Rb(IO3)3 by Materials Project

Rb(O3I)3 crystallizes in the triclinic P-1 space group. The structure is three-dimensional. Rb is bonded in a 9-coordinate geometry to nine O atoms. There are a spread of Rb–O bond distances ranging from 2.97–3.43 Å. There are nine inequivalent O sites. In the first O site, O is bonded in a distorted single-bond geometry to one Rb and one I atom. The O–I bond length is 1.83 Å. In the second O site, O is bonded in a 1-coordinate geometry to one Rb and two I atoms. There are one shorter (1.85 Å) and one longer (2.47 Å) O–I bond lengths. In the third O site, O is bonded in a distorted single-bond geometry to one Rb and two I atoms. There are one shorter (1.87 Å) and one longer (2.67 Å) O–I bond lengths. In the fourth O site, O is bonded in a 1-coordinate geometry to one Rb and two I atoms. There are one shorter (1.85 Å) and one longer (2.57 Å) O–I bond lengths. In the fifth O site, O is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one Rb and one I atom. The O–I bond length is 1.85 Å. In the sixth O site, O is bonded in a distorted single-bond geometry to one Rb and one I atom. The O–I bond length is 1.84 Å. In the seventh O site, O is bonded in a 1-coordinate geometry to one Rb and two I atoms. There are one shorter (1.86 Å) and one longer (2.61 Å) O–I bond lengths. In the eighth O site, O is bonded in a distorted bent 120 degrees geometry to one Rb and one I atom. The O–I bond length is 1.84 Å. In the ninth O site, O is bonded in a distorted bent 120 degrees geometry to one Rb and one I atom. The O–I bond length is 1.87 Å. There are three inequivalent I sites. In the first I site, I is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to four O atoms. In the second I site, I is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to three O atoms. In the third I site, I is bonded in a 6-coordinate geometry to six O atoms.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on Rb(IO3)3 by Materials Project

Rb(O3I)3 crystallizes in the triclinic P-1 space group. The structure is three-dimensional. there are two inequivalent Rb sites. In the first Rb site, Rb is bonded in a 10-coordinate geometry to ten O atoms. There are a spread of Rb–O bond distances ranging from 2.96–3.28 Å. In the second Rb site, Rb is bonded in a 9-coordinate geometry to nine O atoms. There are a spread of Rb–O bond distances ranging from 2.92–3.46 Å. There are eighteen inequivalent O sites. In the first O site, O is bonded in a distorted bent 120 degrees geometry to two I atoms. There are one shorter (1.87 Å) and one longer (2.45 Å) O–I bond lengths. In the second O site, O is bonded in a distorted single-bond geometry to two I atoms. There are one shorter (1.84 Å) and one longer (2.57 Å) O–I bond lengths. In the third O site, O is bonded in a distorted single-bond geometry to two equivalent Rb and one I atom. The O–I bond length is 1.83 Å. In the fourth O site, O is bonded in a distorted single-bond geometry to one Rb and one I atom. The O–I bond length is 1.87 Å. In the fifth O site, O is bonded in a 1-coordinate geometry to one Rb and two equivalent I atoms. There are one shorter (1.86 Å) and one longer (2.35 Å) O–I bond lengths. In the sixth O site, O is bonded in a distorted bent 150 degrees geometry to one Rb and two I atoms. There are one shorter (1.95 Å) and one longer (2.06 Å) O–I bond lengths. In the seventh O site, O is bonded in a 2-coordinate geometry to two I atoms. There are one shorter (1.84 Å) and one longer (2.45 Å) O–I bond lengths. In the eighth O site, O is bonded in a distorted single-bond geometry to one Rb and two I atoms. There are one shorter (1.83 Å) and one longer (2.62 Å) O–I bond lengths. In the ninth O site, O is bonded in a distorted bent 120 degrees geometry to one Rb and one I atom. The O–I bond length is 1.81 Å. In the tenth O site, O is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to one Rb and two I atoms. There are one shorter (1.90 Å) and one longer (2.23 Å) O–I bond lengths. In the eleventh O site, O is bonded in a distorted single-bond geometry to one Rb and one I atom. The O–I bond length is 1.83 Å. In the twelfth O site, O is bonded in a distorted single-bond geometry to one Rb and one I atom. The O–I bond length is 1.81 Å. In the thirteenth O site, O is bonded in a distorted trigonal planar geometry to two equivalent Rb and one I atom. The O–I bond length is 1.84 Å. In the fourteenth O site, O is bonded in a 1-coordinate geometry to one Rb and one I atom. The O–I bond length is 1.83 Å. In the fifteenth O site, O is bonded in a distorted water-like geometry to one Rb and one I atom. The O–I bond length is 1.81 Å. In the sixteenth O site, O is bonded in a distorted single-bond geometry to two equivalent Rb and one I atom. The O–I bond length is 1.84 Å. In the seventeenth O site, O is bonded in a distorted single-bond geometry to one Rb and one I atom. The O–I bond length is 1.91 Å. In the eighteenth O site, O is bonded in a distorted L-shaped geometry to two equivalent Rb atoms. There are six inequivalent I sites. In the first I site, I is bonded in a 5-coordinate geometry to four O atoms. In the second I site, I is bonded to five O atoms to form distorted edge-sharing IO5 square pyramids. In the third I site, I is bonded in a 5-coordinate geometry to five O atoms. In the fourth I site, I is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to three O atoms. In the fifth I site, I is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to four O atoms. In the sixth I site, I is bonded in a distorted trigonal non-coplanar geometry to three O atoms.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on RbLi2(IO3)3 by Materials Project

RbLi2(O3I)3 crystallizes in the monoclinic P2_1/c space group. The structure is three-dimensional. Rb1+ is bonded in a 9-coordinate geometry to nine O2- atoms. There are a spread of Rb–O bond distances ranging from 2.94–3.22 Å. There are two inequivalent Li1+ sites. In the first Li1+ site, Li1+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form corner-sharing LiO4 tetrahedra. There are a spread of Li–O bond distances ranging from 1.95–2.05 Å. In the second Li1+ site, Li1+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form corner-sharing LiO4 tetrahedra. There are a spread of Li–O bond distances ranging from 1.95–2.01 Å. There are nine inequivalent O2- sites. In the first O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 2-coordinate geometry to one Rb1+, one Li1+, and one I5+ atom. The O–I bond length is 1.84 Å. In the second O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 2-coordinate geometry to two equivalent Rb1+, one Li1+, and one I5+ atom. The O–I bond length is 1.83 Å. In the third O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted single-bond geometry to one I5+ atom. The O–I bond length is 1.83 Å. In the fourth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 2-coordinate geometry to one Rb1+, one Li1+, and one I5+ atom. The O–I bond length is 1.82 Å. In the fifth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 2-coordinate geometry to one Rb1+, one Li1+, and one I5+ atom. The O–I bond length is 1.84 Å. In the sixth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 2-coordinate geometry to one Rb1+, one Li1+, and one I5+ atom. The O–I bond length is 1.84 Å. In the seventh O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 1-coordinate geometry to one Rb1+ and one I5+ atom. The O–I bond length is 1.85 Å. In the eighth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted trigonal non-coplanar geometry to one Rb1+, two Li1+, and one I5+ atom. The O–I bond length is 1.84 Å. In the ninth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted bent 120 degrees geometry to one Rb1+, one Li1+, and one I5+ atom. The O–I bond length is 1.83 Å. There are three inequivalent I5+ sites. In the first I5+ site, I5+ is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to three O2- atoms. In the second I5+ site, I5+ is bonded in a 5-coordinate geometry to three O2- atoms. In the third I5+ site, I5+ is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to three O2- atoms.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on Rb2In(IO3)6 by Materials Project

Rb2In(O3I)6 crystallizes in the triclinic P-1 space group. The structure is three-dimensional. Rb is bonded in a 9-coordinate geometry to nine O atoms. There are a spread of Rb–O bond distances ranging from 2.96–3.22 Å. In is bonded in an octahedral geometry to six O atoms. There are a spread of In–O bond distances ranging from 2.16–2.18 Å. There are nine inequivalent O sites. In the first O site, O is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to one Rb, one In, and one I atom. The O–I bond length is 1.86 Å. In the second O site, O is bonded in a distorted bent 120 degrees geometry to one Rb and one I atom. The O–I bond length is 1.83 Å. In the third O site, O is bonded in a distorted single-bond geometry to one Rb and one I atom. The O–I bond length is 1.83 Å. In the fourth O site, O is bonded in a distorted single-bond geometry to one Rb and one I atom. The O–I bond length is 1.82 Å. In the fifth O site, O is bonded in a 2-coordinate geometry to one Rb, one In, and one I atom. The O–I bond length is 1.86 Å. In the sixth O site, O is bonded in a distorted single-bond geometry to one Rb and one I atom. The O–I bond length is 1.84 Å. In the seventh O site, O is bonded in a distorted single-bond geometry to one Rb and one I atom. The O–I bond length is 1.82 Å. In the eighth O site, O is bonded in a distorted single-bond geometry to one Rb and one I atom. The O–I bond length is 1.83 Å. In the ninth O site, O is bonded in a 2-coordinate geometry to one Rb, one In, and one I atom. The O–I bond length is 1.85 Å. There are three inequivalent I sites. In the first I site, I is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to three O atoms. In the second I site, I is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to three O atoms. In the third I site, I is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to three O atoms.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on Rb3In(IO3)6 by Materials Project

Rb3In(IO3)6 crystallizes in the triclinic P-1 space group. The structure is three-dimensional. there are two inequivalent Rb1+ sites. In the first Rb1+ site, Rb1+ is bonded in a 8-coordinate geometry to eight O2- atoms. There are a spread of Rb–O bond distances ranging from 2.86–3.27 Å. In the second Rb1+ site, Rb1+ is bonded in a 8-coordinate geometry to eight O2- atoms. There are a spread of Rb–O bond distances ranging from 2.89–3.23 Å. In3+ is bonded in an octahedral geometry to six O2- atoms. There are a spread of In–O bond distances ranging from 2.16–2.23 Å. There are nine inequivalent O2- sites. In the first O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 2-coordinate geometry to one Rb1+, one In3+, and one I5+ atom. The O–I bond length is 1.89 Å. In the second O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted single-bond geometry to one Rb1+ and one I5+ atom. The O–I bond length is 1.82 Å. In the third O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to two Rb1+ and two I5+ atoms. There are one shorter (1.83 Å) and one longer (2.72 Å) O–I bond lengths. In the fourth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 2-coordinate geometry to one Rb1+, one In3+, and one I5+ atom. The O–I bond length is 1.88 Å. In the fifth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to two Rb1+ and two I5+ atoms. There are one shorter (1.83 Å) and one longer (2.80 Å) O–I bond lengths. In the sixth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted single-bond geometry to two equivalent Rb1+ and one I5+ atom. The O–I bond length is 1.83 Å. In the seventh O2- site, O2- is bonded in a bent 150 degrees geometry to one In3+ and one I5+ atom. The O–I bond length is 1.86 Å. In the eighth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted single-bond geometry to one Rb1+ and one I5+ atom. The O–I bond length is 1.85 Å. In the ninth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 1-coordinate geometry to two equivalent Rb1+ and one I5+ atom. The O–I bond length is 1.82 Å. There are three inequivalent I5+ sites. In the first I5+ site, I5+ is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to four O2- atoms. In the second I5+ site, I5+ is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to four O2- atoms. In the third I5+ site, I5+ is bonded in a 6-coordinate geometry to three O2- atoms.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Environmental remediation with functional aerogels and xerogels

Several different types of aerogel and/or xerogel scaffolds have been demonstrated as effective sorbents for the capture and immobilization of radionuclides in gaseous form [e.g., iodine gas or I2(g), Xe] as well as ionic form (e.g., Ce4+, Cs+, I–, IO3-, Rb+, Sr2+, 99Tc7+, and U6+). These scaffolds have unique properties, which include high specific surface areas, high pore volumes, varieties of pore sizes, and functionalities that provide methods for binding radionuclides through physisorption, chemisorption, or a combination thereof. This combination of properties and functionalities make these types of materials ideal scaffolds for use as sorbents for capturing radionuclides. The primary base materials that will be discussed in this chapter include Ag0-functionalized silica aerogels, Ag+-impregnated aluminosilicate aerogels, Ag0-functionalized aluminosilicate aerogels, metal-impregnated (non-Ag) aluminosilicate aerogels and xerogels, sulfide-based aerogels, and carbon-based aerogel composites. For the capture of I2(g), the materials reported herein show some of the highest iodine loadings ever reported for inorganic sorbents. For the capture of ionic species, these materials also show promise to be some of the next generations of materials for active radionuclide remediation. This progress report will describe how these materials are fabricated, the general properties of these materials, as well as an overview of how they have been used for different applications in environmental remediation of radionuclides.

aerogel, xerogel, iodine, radionuclide remediation↗