Engineering Papers⌕ Search

SEARCH · Engineering Papers

Results for “ROGUE WAVE”

Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 19 records
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2015

Dust-acoustic waves modulational instability and rogue waves in a polarized dusty plasma

The polarization force-induced changes in the dust-acoustic waves (DAWs) modulational instability (MI) are examined. Using the reductive perturbation method, the nonlinear Schrödinger equation that governs the MI of the DAWs is obtained. It is found that the effect of the polarization term R is to narrow the wave number domain for the onset of instability. The amplitude of the wave envelope decreases as R increases, meaning that the polarization force effects render weaker the associated DA rogue waves. The latter may therefore completely damp in the vicinity of R ∼ 1, i.e., as the polarization force becomes close to the electrostatic one (the net force acting on the dust particles becomes vanishingly small). The DA rogue wave profile is very sensitive to any change in the restoring force acting on the dust particles. It turns out that the polarization effects may completely smear out the DA rogue waves.

70 PLASMA PHYSICS AND FUSION TECHNOLOGY↗
DOE OSTI2023

Biophotonic rogue waves in red blood cell suspensions

Rogue waves are ubiquitous in nature, appearing in a variety of physical systems ranging from acoustics, microwave cavities, optical fibers, and resonators to plasmas, superfluids, and Bose–Einstein condensates. Unlike nonlinear solitary waves, rogue waves are extreme events that can occur even without nonlinearity by, for example, spontaneous synchronization of waves with different spatial frequencies in a linear system. Here, we report the observation of rogue-wave-like events in human red blood cell (RBC) suspensions under weak light illumination, characterized by an abnormal L-shaped probability distribution. Such biophotonic extreme events arise mostly due to the constructive interference of Mie-scattered waves from the suspended RBCs, whose biconcave shape and mutable orientation give rise to a time-dependent random phase modulation to an incident laser beam. We numerically simulate the beam propagation through the colloidal suspensions with added disorder in both spatial and temporal domains to mimic random scattering due to Brownian motion. In addition, at high power levels, nonlinear beam self-focusing is also observed, leading to a dual-exponential probability distribution associated with the formation of multiple soliton-like spots. Such rogue wave events should also exist in environments with cells of other species such as swimming bacteria, and understanding of their underlying physics may lead to unexpected biophotonic applications.

59 BASIC BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2014

Nonlinear structures of the Korteweg-de Vries and modified Korteweg-de Vries equations in non-Maxwellian electron-positron-ion plasma: Solitons collision and rogue waves

Solitons (small-amplitude long-lived waves) collision and rogue waves (large-amplitude short-lived waves) in non-Maxwellian electron-positron-ion plasma have been investigated. For the solitons collision, the extended Poincaré-Lighthill-Kuo perturbation method is used to derive the coupled Korteweg-de Vries (KdV) equations with the quadratic nonlinearities and their corresponding phase shifts. The calculations reveal that both positive and negative polarity solitons can propagate in the present model. At critical value of plasma parameters, the coefficients of the quadratic nonlinearities disappear. Therefore, the coupled modified KdV (mKdV) equations with cubic nonlinearities and their corresponding phase shifts have been derived. The effects of the electron-to-positron temperature ratio, the ion-to-electron temperature ratio, the positron-to-ion concentration, and the nonextensive parameter on the colliding solitons profiles and their corresponding phase shifts are examined. Moreover, generation of ion-acoustic rogue waves from small-amplitude initial perturbations in plasmas is studied in the framework of the mKdV equation. The properties of the ion-acoustic rogue waves are examined within a nonlinear Schrödinger equation (NLSE) that has been derived from the mKdV equation. The dependence of the rogue wave profile on the relevant physical parameters has been investigated. Furthermore, it is found that the NLSE that has been derived from the KdV equation cannot support the propagation of rogue waves.

70 PLASMA PHYSICS AND FUSION TECHNOLOGY↗
DOE OSTI2013

Dynamics of nonautonomous rogue waves in Bose-Einstein condensate

We study rogue waves of Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC) analytically in a time-dependent harmonic trap with a complex potential. Properties of the nonautonomous rogue waves are investigated analytically. It is reported that there are possibilities to 'catch' rogue waves through manipulating nonlinear interaction properly. The results provide many possibilities to manipulate rogue waves experimentally in a BEC system. - Highlights: Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer One more generalized rogue wave solutions are presented. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer Present one possible way to catch a rouge wave. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer Properties of rogue waves are investigated analytically for the first time. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer Provide many possibilities to manipulate rogue waves in BEC.

71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗
DOE OSTI2015

Evolution of rogue waves in dusty plasmas

The evolution of rogue waves associated with the dynamics of positively charged dust grains that interact with streaming electrons and ions is investigated. Using a perturbation method, the basic set of fluid equations is reduced to a nonlinear Schrödinger equation (NLSE). The rational solution of the NLSE is presented, which proposed as an effective tool for studying the rogue waves in Jupiter. It is found that the existence region of rogue waves depends on the dust-acoustic speed and the streaming densities of the ions and electrons. Furthermore, the supersonic rogue waves are much taller than the subsonic rogue waves by ∼25 times.

70 PLASMA PHYSICS AND FUSION TECHNOLOGY↗
DOE OSTI2013

Ion-acoustic super rogue waves in ultracold neutral plasmas with nonthermal electrons

The ion-acoustic rogue waves in ultracold neutral plasmas consisting of ion fluid and nonthermal electrons are reported. A reductive perturbation method is used to obtain a nonlinear Schrödinger equation for describing the system and the modulation instability of the ion-acoustic wave is analyzed. The critical wave number k{sub c}, which indicates where the modulational instability sets in, has been determined. Moreover, the possible region for the ion-acoustic rogue waves to exist is defined precisely. The effects of the nonthermal parameter β and the ions effective temperature ratio σ{sub *} on the critical wave number k{sub c} are studied. It is found that there are two critical wave numbers in our plasma system. For low wave number, increasing β would lead to cringe k{sub c} until β approaches to its critical value β{sub c}, then further increase of β beyond β{sub c} would enhance the values of k{sub c}. For large wave numbers, the increase of β would lead to a decrease of k{sub c}. However, increasing σ{sub *} would lead to the reduction of k{sub c} for all values of the wave number. The dependence of the rogue waves profile on the plasma parameters is numerically examined. It is found that the rogue wave amplitudes have complex behavior with increasing β. Furthermore, the enhancement of σ{sub *} and the carrier wave number k reduces the rogue wave amplitude. It is noticed that near to the critical wave number, the rogue wave amplitude becomes high, but it shrinks whenever we stepped away from k{sub c}. The implications of our results in laboratory ultracold neutral plasma experiments are briefly discussed.

70 PLASMA PHYSICS AND FUSION TECHNOLOGY↗
DOE OSTI2015

Modulational instability, nonautonomous breathers and rogue waves for a variable-coefficient derivative nonlinear Schrödinger equation in the inhomogeneous plasmas

Under investigation in this paper is a variable-coefficient derivative nonlinear Schrödinger (vc-DNLS) equation modeling the nonlinear Alfvén waves in the inhomogeneous plasmas. The modulation instability is examined for this inhomogeneous nonlinear model. The nonautonomous breather and rogue wave solutions of the vc-DNLS equation are obtained via the modified Darboux transformation. It is found that the velocity and amplitude of the breather can be controlled by the inhomogeneous magnetic field and nonuniform density. Such novel phenomena as breather amplification and nonlinear Talbot effect-like property are demonstrated with the proper choices of the inhomogeneous parameters. Furthermore, dynamics of the fundamental rogue wave, periodical rogue wave, and composite rogue wave are graphically discussed. The trajectories and amplitudes of the rogue waves can be manipulated by the inhomogeneous magnetic field and nonuniform density. In addition, the nonlinear tunneling of the rogue waves and breathers is studied. As an application, a sample model is treated with our results, and the graphical illustrations exhibit the compressing, expanding, and fluctuating phenomena of the Alfvén rogue waves.

70 PLASMA PHYSICS AND FUSION TECHNOLOGY↗
DOE OSTI2014

Dust ion-acoustic rogue waves in a three-species ultracold quantum dusty plasmas

Dust ion-acoustic (DIA) rogue waves are reported for a three-component ultracold quantum dusty plasma comprised of inertialess electrons, inertial ions, and negatively charged immobile dust particles. The nonlinear Schrödinger (NLS) equation appears for the low frequency limit. Modulation instability (MI) of the DIA waves is analyzed. Influence of the modulation wave number, ion-to-electron Fermi temperature ratio ρ and dust-to-ion background density ratio N{sub d} on the MI growth rate is discussed. The first- and second-order DIA rogue-wave solutions of the NLS equation are examined numerically. It is found that the enhancement of N{sub d} and carrier wave number can increase the envelope rogue-wave amplitudes. However, the increase of ρ reduces the envelope rogue-wave amplitudes. - Highlights: • The nonlinear Schrödinger equation is derived for the low frequency limit. • Modulational instability growth rate is discussed. • The first- and second-order dust ion-acoustic rogue waves are examined numerically.

71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗
DOE OSTI2019

A Hermitian symmetric space Fokas–Lenells equation: Solitons, breathers, rogue waves

Highlights: • We study a Hermitian symmetric space Fokas–Lenells equation. • We obtain multi-soliton, kink–breather and rogue wave solutions for this equation. • We analyse the dynamical behaviour of these exact solutions. - Abstract: Based on the zero-curvature representation, we propose a Hermitian symmetric space Fokas–Lenells equation associated with a 4 × 4 matrix spectral problem. Resorting to the gauge transformation between spectral problems, we find a restrictive condition of the spectral functions that can ensure the symmetry of the new potential matrix, from which n-fold classical Darboux transformations and N-fold generalized Darboux transformations of this equation are constructed with the help of the limit technique and an iterative procedure. Utilizing the Darboux transformations and Mathematica software, we obtain various solutions for the Hermitian symmetric space Fokas–Lenells equation, including the multi-soliton solution, kink–breather solution, eye-shaped rogue wave solution, one-peaky shaped rogue wave solution, and dark two-peaky shaped rogue wave solution. By varying the values of the free parameters, we obtain different types of spatial–temporal distribution structures for the solutions, including the fundamental, line and triangular patterns. Furthermore, the dynamical behaviour of these solutions, including the fusion and fission processes of rogue waves, is analysed in detail.

71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗
DOE OSTI2019

Mixed structures of optical breather and rogue wave for a variable coefficient inhomogeneous fiber system

Breathers and rogue waves are two special types of soliton and play significant role in optical fibers. In this work, the mixed breather and rogue wave solution is constructed for a variable coefficient inhomogeneous fiber system via the Darboux transformation method. The impacts on the mixed wave of the first- and second-order group velocity dispersions (GVD), are discussed, respectively. The spectral eigenvalue parameter control is also studied. The pulse wave width, amplitude and wave density can be controlled by the variable GVD functions and spectral eigenvalue parameter. Especially, two types of rogue wave solutions can be derived from the mixed solution.

71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗
DOE OSTI2012

Magnetic rogue wave in a perpendicular anisotropic ferromagnetic nanowire with spin-transfer torque

We present the current controlled motion of a dynamic soliton embedded in spin wave background in ferromagnetic nanowire. With the stronger breather character we get the novel magnetic rogue wave and clarify its formation mechanism. The generation of magnetic rogue wave mainly arises from the accumulation of energy and magnons toward to its central part. We also observe that the spin-polarized current can control the exchange rate of magnons between the envelope soliton and the background, and the critical current condition is obtained analytically. Even more interesting is that the spin-transfer torque plays the completely opposite role for the cases below and above the critical value. - Highlights: Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer We get the current controlled motion of a dynamic soliton embedded in spin wave background. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer We get the novel magnetic rogue wave and clarify its formation mechanism. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer The generation of magnetic rogue wave arises from the accumulation of energy and magnons. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer The spin-polarized current controls exchange rate of magnons between the envelope soliton and the background. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer The spin-transfer torque plays the completely opposite role below and above the critical value.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗
DOE OSTI2017

Electron-acoustic rogue waves in a plasma with Tribeche–Tsallis–Cairns distributed electrons

The problem of electron-acoustic (EA) rogue waves in a plasma consisting of fluid cold electrons, nonthermal nonextensive electrons and stationary ions, is addressed. A standard multiple scale method has been carried out to derive a nonlinear Schrödinger-like equation. The coefficients of dispersion and nonlinearity depend on the nonextensive and nonthermal parameters. The EA wave stability is analyzed. Interestingly, it is found that the wave number threshold, above which the EA wave modulational instability (MI) sets in, increases as the nonextensive parameter increases. As the nonthermal character of the electrons increases, the MI occurs at large wavelength. Moreover, it is shown that as the nonextensive parameter increases, the EA rogue wave pulse grows while its width is narrowed. The amplitude of the EA rogue wave decreases with an increase of the number of energetic electrons. In the absence of nonthermal electrons, the nonextensive effects are more perceptible and more noticeable. In view of the crucial importance of rogue waves, our results can contribute to the understanding of localized electrostatic envelope excitations and underlying physical processes, that may occur in space as well as in laboratory plasmas.

71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗
DOE OSTI2015

Observation of three dimensional optical rogue waves through obstacles

We observe three-dimensional rogue waves in the speckle distribution of a spatially modulated optical beam. Light is transmitted beyond a partially reflecting obstacle generating optical rogue waves at a controlled position in the shadow of the barrier. When the barrier transmits only 0.07% of the input laser power, we observe the mostly localized event. These results demonstrate that an optimum amount of spatial non-homogeneity maximizes the probability of a gigantic event while the technique we exploit enables to control light behind a fully reflective wall.

71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗
DOE OSTI2014

Three-dimensional dust-ion-acoustic rogue waves in a magnetized dusty pair-ion plasma with nonthermal nonextensive electrons and opposite polarity dust grains

Dust-ion-acoustic (DIA) rogue waves are investigated in a three-dimensional magnetized plasma containing nonthermal electrons featuring Tsallis distribution, both positive and negative ions, and immobile dust grains having both positive and negative charges. Via the reductive perturbation method, a (3 + 1)-dimensional nonlinear Schrödinger (NLS) equation is derived to govern the dynamics of the DIA wave packets. The modulation instability of DIA waves described by the (3 + 1)-dimensional NLS equation is investigated. By means of the similarity transformation and symbolic computation, both the first- and second-order rogue wave solutions of the (3 + 1)-dimensional NLS equation are constructed in terms of rational functions. Moreover, the dynamics properties and the effects of plasma parameters on the nonlinear structures of rogue waves are discussed in detail. The results could be useful for understanding the physical mechanism of rogue waves in laboratory experiments where pair-ion plasmas with electrons and dust grains can be found.

70 PLASMA PHYSICS AND FUSION TECHNOLOGY↗
DOE OSTI2015

On the rogue waves propagation in non-Maxwellian complex space plasmas

The implications of the non-Maxwellian electron distributions (nonthermal/or suprathermal/or nonextensive distributions) are examined on the dust-ion acoustic (DIA) rogue/freak waves in a dusty warm plasma. Using a reductive perturbation technique, the basic set of fluid equations is reduced to a nonlinear Schrödinger equation. The latter is used to study the nonlinear evolution of modulationally unstable DIA wavepackets and to describe the rogue waves (RWs) propagation. Rogue waves are large-amplitude short-lived wave groups, routinely observed in space plasmas. The possible region for the rogue waves to exist is defined precisely for typical parameters of space plasmas. It is shown that the RWs strengthen for decreasing plasma nonthermality and increasing superthermality. For nonextensive electrons, the RWs amplitude exhibits a bit more complex behavior, depending on the entropic index q. Moreover, our numerical results reveal that the RWs exist with all values of the ion-to-electron temperature ratio σ for nonthermal and superthermal distributions and there is no limitation for the freak waves to propagate in both two distributions in the present plasma system. But, for nonextensive electron distribution, the bright- and dark-type waves can propagate in this case, which means that there is a limitation for the existence of freak waves. Our systematic investigation should be useful in understanding the properties of DIA solitary waves that may occur in non-Maxwellian space plasmas.

70 PLASMA PHYSICS AND FUSION TECHNOLOGY↗
DOE OSTI2011

Dust-acoustic rogue waves in a nonextensive plasma

We present an investigation for the generation of a dust-acoustic rogue wave in a dusty plasma composed of negatively charged dust grains, as well as nonextensive electrons and ions. For this purpose, the reductive perturbation technique is used to obtain a nonlinear Schroedinger equation. The critical wave-number threshold k{sub c}, which indicates where the modulational instability sets in, has been determined precisely for various regimes. Two different behaviors of k{sub c} against the nonextensive parameter q are found. For small k{sub c}, it is found that increasing q would lead to an increase of k{sub c} until q approaches a certain value q{sub c}, then further increase of q beyond q{sub c} decreases the value of k{sub c}. For large k{sub c}, the critical wave-number threshold k{sub c} is always increasing with q. Within the modulational instability region, a random perturbation of the amplitude grows and thus creates dust-acoustic rogue waves. In order to show that the characteristics of the rogue waves are influenced by the plasma parameters, the relevant numerical analysis of the appropriate nonlinear solution is presented. The nonlinear structure, as reported here, could be useful for controlling and maximizing highly energetic pulses in dusty plasmas.

70 PLASMA PHYSICS AND FUSION TECHNOLOGY↗
DOE OSTI2015

Rogue wave solutions for a generalized nonautonomous nonlinear equation in a nonlinear inhomogeneous fiber

In this paper, we investigate a generalized nonautonomous nonlinear equation which describes the ultrashort optical pulse propagating in a nonlinear inhomogeneous fiber. By virtue of the generalized Darboux transformation, the first- and second-order rogue-wave solutions for the generalized nonautonomous nonlinear equation are obtained, under some variable–coefficient constraints. Properties of the first- and second-order rogue waves are graphically presented and analyzed: When the coefficients are all chosen as the constants, we can observe the some functions, the shapes of wave crests and troughs for the first- and second-order rogue waves change. Oscillating behaviors of the first- and second-order rogue waves are observed when the coefficients are the trigonometric functions.

71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗
DOE OSTI2018

Rogue Waves in Multi-Ion Cometary Plasmas

The effect of pair ions on the formation of rogue waves in a six-component plasma composed of two hot and one colder electron component, hot ions, and pair ions is studied. The kappa distribution, which provides an unambiguous replacement for a Maxwellian distribution in space plasmas, is connected with nonextensive statistical mechanics and provides a continuous energy spectrum. Hence, the colder and one component of the hotter electrons is modeled by kappa distributions and the other hot electron component, by a q-nonextensive distribution. It is found that the rogue wave amplitude is different for various pair-ion components. The magnitude, however, increases with increasing spectral index and nonextensive parameter q. These results may be useful in understanding the basic characteristics of rogue waves in cometary plasmas.

70 PLASMA PHYSICS AND FUSION TECHNOLOGY↗