Tactile preception studies related to teleoperator systems
Experimental tests to measure short term memory characteristics of visual and tactile perception related to teleoperator systems
Bliss, J. C.↗
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Multimodal Preception and Multicriterion Control of Nested Systems: A Functional Visual Assessment Test for Human Health Maintenance and Countermeasure Evaluation - 3
Our theoretical and empirical research on the whole-body coordination during locomotion led to a Phase 1 SBIR grant from NASA JSC. The purpose of the SBIR grant was to design an innovative system for evaluating eye-head-trunk coordination during whole-body perturbations that are characteristic of locomotion. The approach we used to satisfy the Phase 1 objectives was based on a structured methodology for the development of human-systems technology. Accordingly the project was broken down into a number of tasks and subtasks. In sequence, the major tasks were: (1) identify needs for functional assessment of visual acuity under conditions involving whole-body perturbation within the NASA Space Medical Monitoring and Countermeasures (SMMaC) program and in other related markets; (2) analyze the needs into the causes and symptoms of impaired visual acuity under conditions involving whole-body perturbation; (3) translate the analyzed needs into technology requirements for the Functional Visual Assessment Test (FVAT); (4) identify candidate technology solutions and implementations of FVAT; and (5) prioritize and select technology solutions. The work conducted in these tasks is described in this final volume of the series on Multimodal Perception and Multicriterion Control of Nested Systems. While prior volumes (1 and 2) in the series focus on theoretical foundations and novel data-analytic techniques, this volume addresses technology that is necessary for minimally intrusive data collection and near-real-time data analysis and display.
Riccio, Gary E.↗
Symmetry structure of a Riccati equation appearing in penetration mechanics
In the design of projectile penetration experiments a matter of considerable interest is scaling: that is, the potential relevance of small-scale experiments to their full-scale counterparts, in a manner analogous to that most often encountered in the context of fluid mechanics. From the theoretical standpoint, phenomena associated with scaling and scalability can be assessed using the well-established tools of dimensional analysis and the Buckingham-Pi Theorem. However, the familiar precepts of dimensional analysis are themselves a specific manifestation of the broader group invariance properties or symmetries of a mathematical model. Here, this work explores these notions – that is, dimensional analysis, the conditions for realizing complete similarity, and any additional symmetry structures – in the context of a Riccati differential equation appearing in the context of penetration mechanics. The aim of the investigation is twofold: 1) to complement existing empirical considerations with a concrete theoretical basis, and 2) to provide a deeper theoretical understanding of the projectile penetration model and its many implications.
97 MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTING↗
Generating Sequential PV Deployment Scenarios for High Renewable Distribution Grid Planning
This paper introduces a novel approach for generating solar photovoltaic (PV) plant deployment scenarios for grid integration planning. The approach guarantees consistency among scenarios of the same deployment by ensuring that higher penetration scenarios contain PV units deployed in lower penetration scenarios. It also constrains the size and spatial distribution of the PV plants and considers three placement types. A case study on a real-world distribution system proves that the precepts of scenario consistency, deployment diversity, and placement are met. The study further investigates the impact of the resulting scenarios via a stochastic hosting capacity analysis. Results indicate that the ratio between PV and load sizes, referred to as the nodal PV penetration factor (NPPF), is a key driver of the grid integration impact. By reducing the NPPF from 5 to 2, the maximum hosting capacity increased by at least 112%. The study also reveals that scenarios under random placement can lead to higher hosting capacity values.
ENERGY PLANNING, POLICY, AND ECONOMY,SOLAR ENERGY↗
Boson Fermion Nucleus Explanation for Violation of Parity in the Radioactive Decay of Cobalt-60: Monograph #12
In 1957, Chien-Shuing Wu subjected cobalt-60 to supercooled temperatures and a strong magnetic field while measuring radioactive decay. This experiment showed violation of parity— a long-held, fundamental precept in physics stating that nuclear radioactive-decay emission flux will not vary in the solid angle about the nucleus. During Wu’s experiment, beta particles (electrons) exhibited asymmetry, preferentially exiting the cobalt-60 nuclei in the polar region opposite the applied magnetic field. Gamma-ray emissions were anisotropic, preferring to exit the nucleus around the equatorial region. The boson fermion nucleus (BFN) explains the origins of these observed phenomena, where the nuclear structure is pinned in the strong magnetic field with minimal motion in supercooled conditions, while beta particles and gamma rays are emitted from specific locations within the nuclear structure.
72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
Ride quality - An exploratory study and criteria development
The Langley six degree of freedom visual motion simulator has been used to measure subjective response ratings of the ride quality of eight segments of flight, representative of a wide variation in comfort estimates. The results indicate that the use of simulators for this purpose appears promising. A preliminary approach for the development of criteria for ride quality ratings based on psychophysical precepts is included.
Stone, R. W., Jr.↗
Human comfort response to random motions with a dominant transverse motion
Subjective ride comfort response ratings were measured on the Langley Visual Motion Simulator with transverse acceleration inputs with various power spectra shapes and magnitudes. The results show only little influence of spectra shape on comfort response. The effects of magnitude on comfort response indicate the applicability of psychophysical precepts for comfort modeling.
Stone, R. W., Jr.↗
Human comfort response to random motions with a dominant longitudinal motion
Subjective ride comfort response ratings were measured on the Langley Visual Motion Simulator with longitudinal acceleration inputs with various power spectra shapes and magnitudes. The results show only little influence of spectra shape on comfort response. The effects of magnitude on comfort response indicate the applicability of psychophysical precepts for comfort modeling.
Stone, R. W., Jr.↗
Space technology putting it in the educational perspective
One of the precepts of the company was to provide educators with practical, innovative, and manageable audio-visual teaching aids in a wide spectrum of educational fields, but primarily geography, geology and social science. A pilot slide set was prepared, demonstrating primary areas along the entire length of the San Andreas Fault Zone in California and Mexico. This set utilized several NASA infrared research aircraft photos, to more clearly delineate fault traces. A decision was made to mount a massive program of repackaging NASA generated infrared aircraft imagery into topical teaching sets.
Hankins, D. B.↗
Human confort response to random motions with a dominant rolling motion
Subjective ride comfort response ratings were measured on a visual motion simulator with rolling velocity inputs with various power spectra shapes and magnitudes. The results show only little influence of spectra shape on comfort response. The effects of magnitude on comfort response indicate the applicability of psychophysical precepts for comfort modeling.
Stone, R. W., Jr.↗
Planimetric Martian triangulations
Narrow-angle photographs, which have severe drawbacks for stereophotogrammetry, have advantages for simple plane triangulations. Rectified narrow-angle pictures corrected for map projection effects can be combined in the map plane in relatively accurate planimetric triangulations. Provided the strict precepts of least squares are not followed, these triangulations can incorporate considerable overdetermination without increase in the labor of solving the equations. These plane triangulations have been used successfully in the cartography of Mars and are illustrated here by a triangulation of the environs of the prime Martian landing site.
Arthur, D. W. G.↗
A theory of local and global processes which affect solar wind electrons. 1: The origin of typical 1 AU velocity distribution functions: Steady state theory
A detailed first principle kinetic theory for electrons which is neither a classical fluid treatment nor an exospheric calculation is presented. This theory illustrates the global and local properties of the solar wind expansion that shape the observed features of the electron distribution function, such as its bifurcation, its skewness and the differential temperatures of the thermal and suprathermal subpopulations. Coulomb collisions are substantial mediators of the interplanetary electron velocity distribution function and they place a zone for a bifurcation of the electron distribution function deep in the corona. The local cause and effect precept which permeates the physics of denser media is modified for electrons in the solar wind. The local form of transport laws and equations of state which apply to collision dominated plasmas are replaced with global relations that explicitly depend on the relative position of the observer to the boundaries of the system.
Scudder, J. D.↗
Commercialization of materials processing in space
The primary motivation of the Materials Processing in Space program is the scientific and commercial utilization of the effects of the unique environments of space on material processes. The reduction or elimination of the pervasive influences of gravity on Earth-based process mechanisms affords opportunities for understanding and improving ground-based processing or producing select materials in space which, typically, would be of low volume, high value commercial interest. Additionally, the unlimited, if not 'hard' vacuum of space affords equally interesting influences on material processes. To evolve the commercialization of Materials Processing in Space, the program seeks to establish and demonstrate the scientific/technological precepts for analyzing and using the space environment and, in parallel, to establish the legal and management mechanisms to implement commercial ventures.
Zoller, L. K.↗
Avenues and incentives for commercial use of a low-gravity environment
The scientific and commercial utilization of the low-g environments for materials research and for process and product development is considered. Any products of commercial interest which necessitate processing in space will probably be low volume, high value items. To encourage the commercialization of materials processing in low-g, NASA, in parallel with establishing and demonstrating the scientific/technological precepts for analyzing and using a low-g environment, is establishing the legal and management mechanisms to share in the cost and risk of early commercial ventures, and is now working with commercial firms on a case-by basis to explore applications of this new technology to specific needs of the company.
Brown, R. L.↗
Avenues and incentives for commercial use of a low-g environment
The processing of materials in a low-gravity (low-g) or microgravity environment is investigated by NASA for scientific and commercial utilization, and process and product development. The elimination of gravity is shown to create unique materials, and improve ground-based processes, such as convection, sedimentation, buoyancy, and containerless processing. Commercial applications are discussed, including the manufacturing of silicon ribbon, turbine blades, and various pharmaceuticals in space. Commercial incentives and needs are also discussed, including the technical exchange agreement, in which NASA and a company agree to cooperate in the conduct and analysis of research programs. In addition to establishing and demonstrating scientific and technological precepts for analyzing and using low-g environments, NASA is establishing legal and management mechanisms to share cost and risk of early commercial ventures.
Brown, R. L.↗
Research issues in implementing remote presence in teleoperator control
The concept of remote presence in telemanipulation is presented. A conceptual design of a prototype teleoperator system incorporating remote presence is described. The design is presented in functional terms, sensor, display, and control subsystem. An intermediate environment, in which the human operator is made to feel present, is explicated. The intermediate environment differs from the task environment due to the quantity and type of information presented to an operator and due to scaling factors protecting the operator from the hazards of the task environment. Potential benefits of remote presence systems, both for manipulation and for the study of human cognition and preception are discussed.
Corker, K.↗
Considerations on the lubrication of spacecraft mechanisms
Space tribology and a number of precepts to guide designers in its application are discussed. Of the many techniques available all, without exception, have limitations in performance. Two processes are discussed in more detail and their limitations identified. Some performance results on a liquid space lubricant are given.
Briscoe, M.↗
Developing commercial users of space
The use of low gravity in the development of new products is examined. Low gravity fundaments are presented clearly and simply. A display of past low gravity experiments highlights some of these precepts which are followed by a description of where and how the commercial user can fly his experiment or process.
Hemmerdinger, L. H.↗