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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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11 records
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
NASA NTRS1988

Effects of crucible wetting during solidification of immiscible Pb-Zn

Many industrial uses for liquid phase miscibility gap alloys are proposed. However, the commercial production of these alloys into useful ingots with a reasonable amount of homogeneity is arduous because of their immiscibility in the liquid state. In the low-g environment of space gravitational settling forces are abated, thus solidification of an immiscible alloys with a uniform distribution of phases becomes feasible. Elimination of gravitational settling and coalescence processes in low-g also makes possible the study of other separation and coarsening mechanisms. Even with gravitational separation forces reduced, many low-g experiments have resulted in severely segregated structures. The segregation in many cases was due to preferential wetting of the crucible by one of the immiscible liquids. The objective was to analyze the wetting behavior of Pb-Zn alloys on various crucible materials in an effort to identify a crucible in which the fluid flow induced by preferential wetting is minimized. It is proposed that by choosing the crucible for a particular alloy so that the difference in surface energy between the solid and two liqud phases is minimized, the effects of preferential wetting can be diminished and possibly avoided. Qualitative experiments were conducted and have shown the competitive wetting behavior of the immiscible Pb-Zn system and 13 different crucible materials.

Degroh, Henry C., III↗
NASA NTRS1989

Effects of crucible wetting during solidification of immiscible Pb-Zn alloys

Many industrial uses for liquid phase miscibility gap alloys are proposed. However, the commercial production of these alloys into useful ingots with a reasonable amount of homogeneity is arduous because of their immiscibility in the liquid state. In the low-g environment of space gravitational settling forces are abated, thus solidification of an immiscible alloy with a uniform distribution of phases becomes feasible. Elimination of gravitational settling and coalescence processes in low-g also makes possible the study of other separation and coarsening mechanisms. Even with gravitational separation forces reduced, many low-g experiments have resulted in severely segregated structures. The segregation in many cases was due to preferential wetting of the crucible by one of the immiscible liquids. The objective was to analyze the wetting behavior of Pb-Zn alloys on various crucible materials in an effort to identify a crucible in which the fluid flow induced by preferential wetting is minimized. It is proposed that by choosing the crucible for a particular alloy so that the difference in surface energy between the solid and two liquid phases is minimized, the effects of preferential wetting can be diminished and possibly avoided. Qualitative experiments were conducted and have shown the competitive wetting behavior of the immiscible Pb-Zn system and 13 different crucible materials.

De Groh, H. C., III↗
NASA NTRS1988

Pb-Zn liquid metal diffusion

The Lead-Zinc binary equilibrium system is currently being investigated. Ground based studies of this system were performed to examine the possibility of obtaining a couple which, after diffusion, could be examined continuously along the diffusion axis by quantitative metallography to determine the extent of diffusion. The specimens were analyzed by X-ray fluorescence in the scanning electron microscope to provide exact information on the chemical composition gradient. Two diffusion experiments were run simultaneously in the multipurpose furnace, each in its own isothermal cavity. Two flight samples, two flight backup samples, and two flight space samples were generated.

Pond, R. B., Sr.↗
NASA NTRS1978

Determination of liquid-phase immiscibility in the lead-zinc system

A number of different techniques in the past have yielded inconsistent equilibrium measurements of immiscibility in the Pb-Zn system above 600 C. Accurate differential thermal analysis (DTA) measurements were performed on well-homogenized samples of high-purity Pb-Zn, and they indicate that the immiscibility curve is higher than previously accepted for Zn compositions between 20 and 70 at. %. The maximum deviations observed correspond to about 20 C. Below 600 C the DTA results agree with previous results.

Trahan, J. F.↗
NASA NTRS1975

Lineaments and Mineral Occurrences in Pennsylvania

The author has identified the following significant results. A conservative lineament map of Pennsylvania interpreted from ERTS-1 channel 7 (infrared) imagery and Skylab photography was compared with the distribution of known metallic mines and mineral occurrences. Of 383 known mineral occurrences, 116 show a geographical association to 1 km wide lineaments, another 24 lie at the intersection of two lineaments, and one lies at the intersection of three lineaments. The Perkiomen Creek lineament in the Triassic Basin is associated with 9 Cu-Fe occurrences. Six Pb-Zn occurrences are associated with the Tyrone-Mount Union lineament. Thirteen other lineaments are associated with 3, 4, or 5 mineral occurrences each.

Mcmurtry, G. J.↗
NASA NTRS1977

Analytical study of space processing of immiscible materials for superconductors and electrical contacts

The results of a study conducted to determine the role space processing or materials research in space plays in the superconductor and electrical contact industries are presented. Visits were made to manufacturers, users, and research organizations connected with these products to provide information about the potential benefits of the space environment and to exchange views on the utilization of space facilities for manufacture, process development, or research. In addition, space experiments were suggested which could result in improved terrestrial processes or products. Notable examples of these are, in the case of superconductors, the development of Nb-bronze alloys (Tsuei alloys) and, in the electrical contact field, the production of Ag-Ni or Ag-metal oxide alloys with controlled microstructure for research and development activities as well as for product development. A preliminary experimental effort to produce and evaluate rapidly cooled Pb-Zn and Cu-Nb-Sn alloys in order to understand the relationship between microstructure and superconducting properties and to simulate the fine structure potentially achievable by space processing was also described.

Gelles, S. H.↗
NASA NTRS1987

Simulating the cooling of an immiscible alloy

A computer program to simulate the cooling of immiscible alloys is described, and the Pb-Zn system is presented as an example. The program permits the user to calculate various compositions of immiscible alloys. Illustrations are presented which depict the sequence of computer-monitor displays generated by the program.

Probst, H. B.↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on ZnPb3 by Materials Project

ZnPb3 crystallizes in the tetragonal I4/mmm space group. The structure is three-dimensional. Zn is bonded in a distorted square co-planar geometry to twelve Pb atoms. There are four shorter (3.35 Å) and eight longer (3.47 Å) Zn–Pb bond lengths. There are two inequivalent Pb sites. In the first Pb site, Pb is bonded to four equivalent Zn and eight Pb atoms to form a mixture of distorted corner, edge, and face-sharing PbZn4Pb8 cuboctahedra. There are four shorter (3.35 Å) and four longer (3.47 Å) Pb–Pb bond lengths. In the second Pb site, Pb is bonded to four equivalent Zn and eight equivalent Pb atoms to form a mixture of distorted corner, edge, and face-sharing PbZn4Pb8 cuboctahedra.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on ZnPb3 by Materials Project

ZnPb3 is beta-derived structured and crystallizes in the hexagonal P6_3/mmc space group. The structure is three-dimensional. Zn is bonded to twelve equivalent Pb atoms to form distorted ZnPb12 cuboctahedra that share corners with six equivalent ZnPb12 cuboctahedra, corners with twelve equivalent PbZn4Pb8 cuboctahedra, edges with eighteen equivalent PbZn4Pb8 cuboctahedra, faces with eight equivalent ZnPb12 cuboctahedra, and faces with twelve equivalent PbZn4Pb8 cuboctahedra. There are six shorter (3.40 Å) and six longer (3.43 Å) Zn–Pb bond lengths. Pb is bonded to four equivalent Zn and eight equivalent Pb atoms to form distorted PbZn4Pb8 cuboctahedra that share corners with four equivalent ZnPb12 cuboctahedra, corners with fourteen equivalent PbZn4Pb8 cuboctahedra, edges with six equivalent ZnPb12 cuboctahedra, edges with twelve equivalent PbZn4Pb8 cuboctahedra, faces with four equivalent ZnPb12 cuboctahedra, and faces with sixteen equivalent PbZn4Pb8 cuboctahedra. There are a spread of Pb–Pb bond distances ranging from 3.35–3.52 Å.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on ZnPb3 by Materials Project

ZnPb3 is alpha bismuth trifluoride structured and crystallizes in the cubic Fm-3m space group. The structure is three-dimensional. Zn is bonded in a body-centered cubic geometry to eight equivalent Pb atoms. All Zn–Pb bond lengths are 3.35 Å. There are two inequivalent Pb sites. In the first Pb site, Pb is bonded in a distorted body-centered cubic geometry to four equivalent Zn and four equivalent Pb atoms. All Pb–Pb bond lengths are 3.35 Å. In the second Pb site, Pb is bonded in a body-centered cubic geometry to eight equivalent Pb atoms.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗