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At least 19 records
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
NASA NTRS1960

Preliminary Results from the Space Probe Pioneer V

The space probe Pioneer V was launched March 11, 1960, into an orbit around the sun and inside the orbit of earth. The scientific apparatus included instruments identical with the University of Chicago apparatus used on Explorer VI [Fan, Meyer, and Simpson, 1960b], namely, energetic particle detectors which measure fluxes of protons with energies greater than 75 Mev, electrons with energies greater than 15 Mev, and the bremsstrahlung from electrons and y rays of lower energy. Simultaneously with the measurements in Pioneer V a series of four neutron monitor piles were recording the changes in cosmic radiation intensity at the earth. We report here on some preliminary results obtained from the Chicago experiments during the time within which Pioneer V traveled to a distance of approximately 8 x 10 km from earth. Beginning on March 20, solar activity rapidly increased with many solar flares, radio noise bursts, etc., over a period of 10 days. Most of our results relate to this period. The preliminary data are given in Figures 1 and 2.

Fan, C. Y.↗
NASA NTRS1976

Orders of magnitude: A history of NACA and NASA, 1915-1976

A brief history of aeronautics and space exploration is presented. The Federal government's role in contributing, by research and development, to the advancement of aeronautics and space exploration is emphasized. The flight of man is traced from Kitty Hawk to walks and rides on the surface of the moon. Orbiting Solar Observatories, Orbiting Observatories, planetary exploration (Mariner Space Probes, Pioneer Space Probes) the Earth Resources Program, and Skylab are included. The development of the space shuttle is also discussed.

Anderson, F. W.↗
NASA NTRS1966

The pioneer spacecraft

Design history, spacecraft configuration, and experiments of Pioneer space probe in interplanetary flight

INTERPLANETARY FLIGHT↗
NASA NTRS1973

Propagation anisotropies of solar flare protons and electrons at low energies in interplanetary space.

Flux anisotropies in interplanetary space were investigated for protons with E greater than 0.66 MeV and electrons with E greater than 400 keV. Data were taken from the University of Chicago charged-particle telescope aboard the deep-space probe Pioneer 7 and from the Goddard Space Flight Center magnetometer aboard the same spacecraft. Flux anisotropies lying to the east of the average interplanetary magnetic field direction were first reported by McCracken et al. (1971), late in a solar particle event, for proton energies greater than 7.5 MeV. This work extends this investigation to much lower proton energies, studies the proton and electron anisotropies during both early and late phases of a particle event, and makes use of detailed magnetic field data. The investigation consists of two parts, a study of many periods taken at random during solar events, for both protons and electrons, and a detailed analysis of one period, early in an event, during which the magnetic field was near the solar direction.

Pyle, K. R.↗
NASA NTRS1966

Flight project support

Lunar Orbiter, Pioneer space probe, and Apollo backup station - flight project support

LUNAR ORBITER↗
NASA NTRS1974

Origin of fifteen cosmic dust particles intercepted by Pioneer 8 and 9

Consistent data for more than 8 years have been obtained from two identical cosmic dust particle experiments on board the space probes Pioneer 8 and 9. The two spacecraft are in direct heliocentric orbits with perihelia between 0.75 AU and 1.00 AU. On the basis of the data it is concluded that the majority of dust particles having elliptical orbits detected by the two space probes show orbital characteristics of Apollo group asteroids which originated from residual nuclei of short-period comets.

Rhee, J. W.↗
NASA NTRS1981

Structure of Jupiter's magnetopause - Pioneer 10 and 11 observations

The magnetic structure of Jupiter's magnetopause, as observed by the space probes Pioneer 10 and 11, is compared with terrestrial magnetopause structures from the OGO 5 mission. The Jovian magnetopause thickness, deduced from a rapid triple crossing, is found to lie in the range 3500-5200 km, while the adjoining plasma boundary layer was 5600-8400 km thick. Comparison with the terrestrial situation suggests that the dayside magnetopause thickness in both cases is a few times the ion gyroradius and that the dayside boundary layer is also of about the same width. The magnetopause normal vector and normal magnetic field component are determined for each crossing by use of minimum variance analysis. The results indicate a blunt and floppy magnetopause surface, for the most part with an insignificant normal magnetic field component. Only for three of the 14 crossings did this component exceed 1.5 times its error estimate. In two of these cases, the magnetic field tangential to the magnetopause displayed the characteristic features of a rotational discontinuity.

Sonnerup, B. U. O.↗
NASA NTRS1972

The interplanetary pioneers. Volume 1: Summary

The Pioneer Space Probe Project is explained to document the events which occurred during the project. The subjects discussed are: (1) origin and history of interplanetary Pioneer program, (2) Pioneer system development and design, (3) Pioneer flight operations, and (4) Pioneer scientific results. Line drawings, circuit diagrams, illustrations, and photographs are included to augment the written material.

Corliss, W. R.↗