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At least 19 records

HERSCHEL PACS AND SPIRE OBSERVATIONS OF BLAZAR PKS 1510-089: A CASE FOR TWO BLAZAR ZONES

We present the results of observations of blazar PKS 1510-089 with the Herschel Space Observatory PACS and SPIRE instruments, together with multiwavelength data from Fermi/LAT, Swift, SMARTS, and Submillimeter Array. The source was found in a quiet state, and its far-infrared spectrum is consistent with a power law with a spectral index of {alpha} {approx_equal} 0.7. Our Herschel observations were preceded by two 'orphan' gamma-ray flares. The near-infrared data reveal the high-energy cutoff in the main synchrotron component, which cannot be associated with the main gamma-ray component in a one-zone leptonic model. This is because in such a model the luminosity ratio of the external-Compton (EC) and synchrotron components is tightly related to the frequency ratio of these components, and in this particular case an unrealistically high energy density of the external radiation would be implied. Therefore, we consider a well-constrained two-zone blazar model to interpret the entire data set. In this framework, the observed infrared emission is associated with the synchrotron component produced in the hot-dust region at the supra-parsec scale, while the gamma-ray emission is associated with the EC component produced in the broad-line region at the sub-parsec scale. In addition, the optical/UV emission is associated with the accretion disk thermal emission, with the accretion disk corona likely contributing to the X-ray emission.

79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS↗

Content Addition and Testing for 2017 NRC Amendment for the Versa-Pac Type A Fissile Packaging - 18120

The Versa-Pac is a certified Type A, fissile packaging (USA NRC Certificate no. USA/9342/AF-96), often used as a waste package for one time use. Continuous content additions have improved the versatility of the package resulting in expanded uses for the nuclear industry. Principal design of the Versa-Pac packaging maintains the use of an inner liner positioned inside a 55-gallon (VP-55) or 110-gallon drum (VP-110), as used for decades in the transport and disposal of Type A fissile materials. The Versa-Pac is used directly or in conjunction with pails, pipe containers, poly bottles, and a variety of smaller containers, inserts and vessels. The Versa-Pac content developments assist the industry with site shutdown, decommissioning, and cleanup operations, allowing for removal, transport, and storage options for the residual waste materials. A 2017 NRC license amendment application adds new capabilities to the Versa-Pac that include a low 1.25 wt% {sup 235}U enriched uranium loading, small quantities of UF{sub 6} in the form of 1S and 2S cylinders, and a payload mass increase from 250 to 350 pounds for the Versa-Pac 55-gallon version (VP-55). The lower uranium enrichment loading of 1.25 wt% {sup 235}U allows for a higher uranium mass limit. The inclusion of 1S and 2S UF{sub 6} cylinders fills an industry need to remove and dispose of long-stored material during site cleanup activities. The content payload mass limit is increased for low contaminated or radioactive heavy metal contents, such as cut plant components and ingots. Regulatory certification of new contents is demonstrated by test, analysis, and a combination of these techniques to show that the design function of the Versa-Pac as a Type A fissile package remains unchanged. Specific UF{sub 6} criticality and thermal analysis upgrades are added to the design documentation to accommodate 1S and 2S UF{sub 6} cylinders. The parameters for criticality analyses are simplified, ensuring no credit for cylinder containment is required for HAC thus reducing the reliance on a single specific shoring device. An upgrade of the Versa-Pac thermal analysis demonstrates compliance with ANSI N14.1 UF{sub 6} cylinder thermal limits. A new drop test sequence for the VP-55 was performed, documenting the addition of the 350-pound payload and demonstrating the VP-55 maintains structural integrity during the NCT and HAC drop, crush and puncture events as defined by 10 CFR 71. The testing and analyses show no loss of the material occurs and the package maintains the material in a subcritical state. This paper traces the engineering and licensing efforts involved in expanding the Versa-Pac's versatility for the 2017 NRC amendment application; summarizing the new testing and results for the payload increase, the content addition criticality and thermal evaluations, and content description for the Versa-Pac Safety Analysis Report. The NRC license amendment is scheduled for Winter 2017. Testing and supporting analyses reported in the Versa-Pac Safety Analysis Report demonstrates the content developments met the performance requirements of 10 CFR 71 for a Type A fissile package. A revision of the NRC Certificate of Compliance is expected in Spring 2018. (authors)

12 MANAGEMENT OF RADIOACTIVE AND NON-RADIOACTIVE W↗

Inhibition of the proton-activated chloride channel PAC by PIP 2

Proton-activated chloride (PAC) channel is a ubiquitously expressed pH-sensing ion channel, encoded by PACC1 (TMEM206). PAC regulates endosomal acidification and macropinosome shrinkage by releasing chloride from the organelle lumens. It is also found at the cell surface, where it is activated under pathological conditions related to acidosis and contributes to acid-induced cell death. However, the pharmacology of the PAC channel is poorly understood. Here, we report that phosphatidylinositol (4,5)-bisphosphate (PIP 2 ) potently inhibits PAC channel activity. We solved the cryo-electron microscopy structure of PAC with PIP 2 at pH 4.0 and identified its putative binding site, which, surprisingly, locates on the extracellular side of the transmembrane domain (TMD). While the overall conformation resembles the previously resolved PAC structure in the desensitized state, the TMD undergoes remodeling upon PIP 2 -binding. Structural and electrophysiological analyses suggest that PIP 2 inhibits the PAC channel by stabilizing the channel in a desensitized-like conformation. Our findings identify PIP 2 as a new pharmacological tool for the PAC channel and lay the foundation for future drug discovery targeting this channel.

59 BASIC BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES↗

PACS-1 and adaptor protein-1 mediate ACTH trafficking to the regulated secretory pathway

Highlights: • PACS-1 and AP-1 play critical roles in targeting ACTH to the regulated secretory pathway. • PACS-1 and AP-1 promote the intracellular storage of ACTH. • In the absence of PACS-1 and AP-1, ACTH is constitutively secreted. • PACS-1 localizes to ACTH-positive vesicles in an AP-1-dependent manner. The regulated secretory pathway is a specialized form of protein secretion found in endocrine and neuroendocrine cell types. Pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC) is a pro-hormone that utilizes this pathway to be trafficked to dense core secretory granules (DCSGs). Within this organelle, POMC is processed to multiple bioactive hormones that play key roles in cellular physiology. However, the complete set of cellular membrane trafficking proteins that mediate the correct sorting of POMC to DCSGs remain unknown. Here, we report the roles of the phosphofurin acidic cluster sorting protein – 1 (PACS-1) and the clathrin adaptor protein 1 (AP-1) in the targeting of POMC to DCSGs. Upon knockdown of PACS-1 and AP-1, POMC is readily secreted into the extracellular milieu and fails to be targeted to DCSGs.

60 APPLIED LIFE SCIENCES↗

UNVEILING FAR-INFRARED COUNTERPARTS OF BRIGHT SUBMILLIMETER GALAXIES USING PACS IMAGING

We present a search for Herschel-PACS counterparts of dust-obscured, high-redshift objects previously selected at submillimeter and millimeter wavelengths in the Great Observatories Origins Deep Survey North field. We detect 22 of 56 submillimeter galaxies (SMGs, 39%) with a signal-to-noise ratio of {>=}3 at 100 {mu}m down to 3.0 mJy, and/or at 160 {mu}m down to 5.7 mJy. The fraction of SMGs seen at 160 {mu}m is higher than that at 100 {mu}m. About 50% of radio-identified SMGs are associated with PACS sources. We find a trend between the SCUBA/PACS flux ratio and redshift, suggesting that these flux ratios could be used as a coarse redshift indicator. PACS-undetected submillimeter/millimeter selected sources tend to lie at higher redshifts than the PACS-detected ones. A total of 12 sources (21% of our SMG sample) remain unidentified and the fact that they are blank fields at Herschel-PACS and the Very Large Array 20 cm wavelength may imply higher redshifts for them than for the average SMG population (e.g., z>3-4). The Herschel-PACS imaging of these dust-obscured starbursts at high redshifts suggests that their far-infrared spectral energy distributions have significantly different shapes than template libraries of local infrared galaxies.

79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS↗

Developments of the Versa-Pac to Expand Use for the Industry - 17475

The Versa-Pac is a certified Type AF packaging (USA NRC Certificate no. USA/9342/AF-96), designed as a replacement for USA DOT 6M drum-type transportation packaging, which was retired approximately ten years ago. The Versa-Pac can be used directly or in conjunction with pails, drums, or inserts, and a variety of smaller containers and vessels. The Versa-Pac comes in two sizes: the VP-55 (i.e. 200-liter drum version) and VP-110 (i.e. 400-liter drum version). It features a patented design that, in combination with the drum exterior, provides enhanced structural protection to payloads under Normal Conditions of Transport and Hypothetical Accident Conditions. Since its introduction in 2010, the Versa-Pac has been utilized mainly as a one-time-use package for disposing of radioactive waste. However, the Versa-Pac package, which has the familiar simplicity of a drum, is a reusable transport package with the capability of shipping a variety of radioactive materials. In the spirit of simplicity yet versatility, the capability of the package has been improved several times in collaboration with our customers. The latest design improvements include a new configuration designated the VP-55HC (high capacity), which utilizes an internal safe geometry pipe container that increases the U-235 capacity. The pipe container is similar in design to the historic USA DOT 2R vessel. Other planned and proposed improvements include provisions to transport UF{sub 6} in 1S, 2S, and 5A/5B cylinders; design changes that further increase the amount of U-235 at enrichments less than 20 wt.%; increasing the capacity of the VP-110 with a VP-110-specific analysis; developing a new, lighter 113-liter version of the package; and introducing content limits specific to uranium oxides in multiple forms. This paper traces the engineering and design efforts involved in expanding the Versa-Pac's versatility. (authors)

12 MANAGEMENT OF RADIOACTIVE AND NON-RADIOACTIVE W↗

FIR MEASUREMENTS OF Ly{alpha} EMITTERS AT z {approx}< 1.0: DUST ATTENUATION FROM PACS-HERSCHEL

One remaining open question regarding the physical properties of Ly{alpha} emitters (LAEs) is their dust content and evolution with redshift. The variety of results is large and with those reported by now it is difficult to establish clear relations between dust, other fundamental parameters of galaxies (star formation rate, metallicity, or age), and redshift. In this Letter, we report Herschel PACS-100 {mu}m, PACS-160 {mu}m, and Spitzer MIPS-24 {mu}m detections of a sample of spectroscopically GALEX selected LAEs at z {approx} 0.3 and {approx}1.0. Five out of ten and one out of two LAEs are detected in, at least, one PACS band at z {approx} 0.3 and {approx}1.0, respectively. These measurements have a great importance given that they allow us to quantify, for the first time, the dust content in LAEs from direct FIR observations. MIPS-24 {mu}m detections allow us to determine the IR properties of the PACS-undetected LAEs. We obtain that mid-IR/FIR-detected star-forming (SF) LAEs at z {approx} 0.3 have dust content within 0.75 {approx}< A{sub 1200{sub A}} {approx}< 2.0, with a median value of A{sub 1200{sub A}} {approx} 1.1. This range broadens up to 0.75 {approx}< A{sub 1200{sub A}} {approx}< 2.5 when considering the LAEs at z {approx} 1.0. Only one SF LAE is undetected both in MIPS-24 {mu}m and PACS, with A{sub 1200{sub A}} {approx}< 0.75. These results seem to be larger than those reported for high-redshift LAEs and, therefore, although an evolutionary trend is not clearly seen, it could point out that low-redshift LAEs are dustier than high-redshift ones. However, the diverse methods used could introduce a systematic offset in the results.

79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS↗

PAC in DESI. I. Galaxy stellar mass function into the 10 6 M ⊙ frontier

The Photometric objects Around Cosmic webs (PAC) method integrates cosmological photometric and spectroscopic surveys, offering valuable insights into galaxy formation. PAC measures the excess surface density of photometric objects, $\bar{n}_2w_{{\rm {p}}}$, with specific physical properties around spectroscopic tracers. In this study, we improve the PAC method to make it more rigorous and eliminate the need for redshift bins. We apply the enhanced PAC method to the DESI Y1 BGS Bright spectroscopic sample and the deep Dark Energy Camera Legacy Survey (DECaLS) photometric sample, obtaining $\bar{n}_2w_{{\mathrm {p}}}$ measurements across the complete stellar mass range, from $10^{5.3}$ to $10^{11.5}\,{\rm M}_{\odot }$ for blue galaxies, and from $10^{6.3}$ to $10^{11.9}\,{\rm M}_{\odot }$ for red galaxies. We combine $\bar{n}_2w_{{\rm {p}}}$ with $w_{{\rm {p}}}$ measurements from the BGS sample, which is not necessarily complete in stellar mass. Assuming that galaxy bias is primarily determined by stellar mass and colour, we derive the galaxy stellar mass functions (GSMFs) down to $10^{5.3}\,{\rm M}_{\odot }$ for blue galaxies and $10^{6.3}\,{\rm M}_{\odot }$ for red galaxies, while also setting lower limits for smaller masses. The blue and red GSMFs are well described by single and double Schechter functions, respectively, with low-mass end slopes of $\alpha _{\rm {blue}}=-1.54^{+0.02}_{-0.02}$ and $\alpha _{\rm {red}}=-2.50^{+0.08}_{-0.08}$, resulting in the dominance of red galaxies below $10^{7.6}\,{\rm M}_{\odot }$. Stage-IV cosmological photometric surveys, capable of reaching 2–3 mag deeper than DECaLS, present an opportunity to explore the entire galaxy population in the local universe with PAC. This advancement allows us to address critical questions regarding the nature of dark matter, the physics of reionization, and the formation of dwarf galaxies.

79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS↗

Developments that are making the Versa-Pac Indeed More Versatile (and More Useful to Industry) - 16267

Daher-TLI acquired the assets and employees of Century Industries, a radioactive material packaging manufacturing facility, in 2013. Included in that acquisition was the Versa-Pac Shipping Package. The Versa-Pac is an NRC licensed Type AF packaging (Certificate of Compliance no. USA/9342/AF-96) and was originally designed as a replacement for standard 7A drum-type transportation packaging. It can be used directly or in conjunction with pails, drums or inserts that can be manufactured to accommodate a variety of smaller containers and vessels. The Versa-Pac comes in two sizes, the VP-55 (i.e., 55-gallon drum version) and VP-110 (i.e., 110-gallon drum version). It features a patented design concept in combination with the drum exterior to provide enhanced structural protection to payloads under Normal Conditions of Transport (NCT) and Hypothetical Accident Conditions (HAC), per 10CFR71.71 and 10CFR71.73 respectively. Since its introduction in 2010, the Versa-Pac has been utilized mainly as a one-time use package for disposing of radioactive waste. The package is also designed as a reusable package for transporting front-end materials. Discussions with current and prospective clients have resulted in numerous improvements, accomplished and planned, to the package's payload capability through additional engineering analyses and actual design modifications. Revision 10 to the NRC Certificate of Compliance, dated August 6, 2015, introduces an enrichment-loading table that allows shipping larger quantities of U-235 for enrichments less than 100 wt.%. It also authorizes shipment of natural thorium. Other planned and proposed improvements include provisions to transport UF{sub 6} in 1S, 2S, and 5B cylinders, design changes that further increases the amount of U-235 at enrichments less than 100 wt.%, increasing the capacity of the VP-110, developing a lighter 30-gallon version, the VP-30, and introducing content limits specific to uranium-oxides in multiple forms. This paper traces the engineering and design efforts involved in expanding the Versa-Pac's versatility. (authors)

12 MANAGEMENT OF RADIOACTIVE AND NON-RADIOACTIVE W↗

The PAC-MAN model: Benchmark case for linear acoustics in computational physics

Benchmark cases in the field of computational physics, on the one hand, have to contain a certain complexity to test numerical edge cases and, on the other hand, require the existence of an analytical solution, because an analytical solution allows the exact quantification of the accuracy of a numerical simulation method. This dilemma causes a need for analytical sound field formulations of complex acoustic problems. A well known example for such a benchmark case for harmonic linear acoustics is the “Cat's Eye model”, which describes the three-dimensional sound field radiated from a sphere with a missing octant analytically. In this paper, a benchmark case for two-dimensional (2D) harmonic linear acoustic problems, viz., the “PAC-MAN model”, is proposed. The PAC-MAN model describes the radiated and scattered sound field around an infinitely long cylinder with a cut out sector of variable angular width. While the analytical calculation of the 2D sound field allows different angular cut-out widths and arbitrarily positioned line sources, the computational cost associated with the solution of this problem is similar to a 1D problem because of a modal formulation of the sound field in the PAC-MAN model. - Highlights: • A benchmark case for 2D harmonic linear acoustic problems is proposed. • The PAC-MAN geometry is used as emitter/scatterer in this benchmark. • An analytic formulation of radiated and scattered sound is derived. • Line and disk sources, plane waves, and surface vibrations are considered.

71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗

ATMOSPHERIC PHASE CORRECTION USING CARMA-PACS: HIGH ANGULAR RESOLUTION OBSERVATIONS OF THE FU ORIONIS STAR PP 13S*

We present 0.''15 resolution observations of the 227 GHz continuum emission from the circumstellar disk around the FU Orionis star PP 13S*. The data were obtained with the Combined Array for Research in Millimeter-wave Astronomy (CARMA) Paired Antenna Calibration System (C-PACS), which measures and corrects the atmospheric delay fluctuations on the longest baselines of the array in order to improve the sensitivity and angular resolution of the observations. A description of the C-PACS technique and the data reduction procedures are presented. C-PACS was applied to CARMA observations of PP 13S*, which led to a factor of 1.6 increase in the observed peak flux of the source, a 36% reduction in the noise of the image, and a 52% decrease in the measured size of the source major axis. The calibrated complex visibilities were fitted with a theoretical disk model to constrain the disk surface density. The total disk mass from the best-fit model corresponds to 0.06 M{sub sun}, which is larger than the median mass of a disk around a classical T Tauri star. The disk is optically thick at a wavelength of 1.3 mm for orbital radii less than 48 AU. At larger radii, the inferred surface density of the PP 13S* disk is an order of magnitude lower than that needed to develop a gravitational instability.

79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS↗

HERSCHEL PACS OBSERVATIONS AND MODELING OF DEBRIS DISKS IN THE TUCANA-HOROLOGIUM ASSOCIATION

We present Herschel PACS photometry of 17 B- to M-type stars in the 30 Myr old Tucana-Horologium Association. This work is part of the Herschel Open Time Key Programme 'Gas in Protoplanetary Systems'. 6 of the 17 targets were found to have infrared excesses significantly greater than the expected stellar IR fluxes, including a previously unknown disk around HD30051. These six debris disks were fitted with single-temperature blackbody models to estimate the temperatures and abundances of the dust in the systems. For the five stars that show excess emission in the Herschel PACS photometry and also have Spitzer IRS spectra, we fit the data with models of optically thin debris disks with realistic grain properties in order to better estimate the disk parameters. The model is determined by a set of six parameters: surface density index, grain size distribution index, minimum and maximum grain sizes, and the inner and outer radii of the disk. The best-fitting parameters give us constraints on the geometry of the dust in these systems, as well as lower limits to the total dust masses. The HD105 disk was further constrained by fitting marginally resolved PACS 70 {mu}m imaging.

79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS↗

Photometric Objects around Cosmic Webs (PAC) Delineated in a Spectroscopic Survey. I. Methods

We provide a method for estimating the projected density distribution ${\bar{n}}_{2}{w}_{p}({r}_{p})$ of photometric objects around spectroscopic objects in a spectroscopic survey. This quantity describes the distribution of photometric sources with certain physical properties (e.g., luminosity, mass, and color) around cosmic webs (PAC) traced by the spectroscopic objects. The method can make full use of current and future deep and wide photometric surveys to explore the formation of galaxies up to medium redshift (z s < 2) 3 with the aid of cosmological spectroscopic surveys that sample only a fairly limited species of objects (e.g., emission line galaxies). As an example, we apply the PAC method to the CMASS spectroscopic and HSC-SSP PDR2 photometric samples to explore the distribution of galaxies for a wide range of stellar masses from 10 9.0 to 10 12.0 M ⊙ around massive galaxies at z s ≈ 0.6. Using the abundance-matching method, we model ${\bar{n}}_{2}{w}_{p}({r}_{p})$ in N-body simulation using Markov chain Monte Carlo sampling, and we accurately measure the stellar–halo mass relation and stellar mass function for the whole mass range. We can also measure the conditional stellar mass function of satellites for central galaxies of different mass. The PAC method has many potential applications for studying the evolution of galaxies.

79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS↗

Impact of PACS-EMR Integration on Radiologist Usage of the EMR

The purpose of this study was to objectively quantify the impact of implementing picture archiving and communication system-electronic medical record (PACS-EMR) integration on the time required to access data in the EMR and the frequency with which data are accessed by radiologists. Time to access a clinic note in the EMR was measured before and after integration with a stopwatch and compared by t test. An IRB-approved, HIPAA-compliant retrospective review of EMR access data from security audit logs was conducted for a 14-month period spanning the integration. Correlation of these data with report signatures identified the studies in which the radiologist accessed the EMR to obtain additional clinical data. Proportions of studies with EMR access were plotted and compared before and after integration using a chi-square test. Time to access the EMR decreased from 52 to 6 s (p < 0.001). Proportion of studies with EMR access increased from 36.7% (10,175/27,773) to 44.9% (10,843/24,153) after integration (p < 0.001). Integrating PACS and the EMR substantially decreases the time to access the EMR and is associated with a significant increase in the proportion of studies for which radiologists obtain additional clinical data.

62 RADIOLOGY AND NUCLEAR MEDICINE↗

THE CDF ARCHIVE: HERSCHEL PACS AND SPIRE SPECTROSCOPIC DATA PIPELINE AND PRODUCTS FOR PROTOSTARS AND YOUNG STELLAR OBJECTS

We present the COPS-DIGIT-FOOSH (CDF) Herschel spectroscopy data product archive, and related ancillary data products, along with data fidelity assessments, and a user-created archive in collaboration with the Herschel-PACS and SPIRE ICC groups. Our products include datacubes, contour maps, automated line fitting results, and best 1D spectra products for all protostellar and disk sources observed with PACS in RangeScan mode for two observing programs: the DIGIT Open Time Key Program (KPOT-nevans-1 and SDP-nevans-1; PI: N. Evans), and the FOOSH Open Time Program (OT1-jgreen02-2; PI: J. Green). In addition, we provide our best SPIRE-FTS spectroscopic products for the COPS Open Time Program (OT2-jgreen02-6; PI: J. Green) and FOOSH sources. We include details of data processing, descriptions of output products, and tests of their reliability for user applications. We identify the parts of the data set to be used with caution. The resulting absolute flux calibration has improved in almost all cases. Compared to previous reductions, the resulting rotational temperatures and numbers of CO molecules have changed substantially in some sources. On average, however, the rotational temperatures have not changed substantially (<2%), but the number of warm (T{sub rot} ∼ 300 K) CO molecules has increased by about 18%.

79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS↗

Photometric Objects Around Cosmic Webs (PAC) Delineated in a Spectroscopic Survey. III. Accurate Measurement of Galaxy Stellar Mass Function with the Aid of Cosmological Redshift Surveys

We present a novel method to accurately measure the galaxy stellar mass function (GSMF) based upon the Photometric objects Around Cosmic webs (PAC) method developed in our first paper (Paper I) of the series. The method allows us to measure the GSMF to a lower-mass end that is not accessible to the spectroscopic sample used in the PAC. Compared with Paper I, the current measurement of GSMF is direct and model independent. We measure the GSMFs in the redshift ranges of z$^{3}_{s}$ < 0.2, 0.2 < z s < 0.4, and 0.5 < z s < 0.7 down to stellar masses of M* = 10 8.2 , 10 10.6 , and 10 10.6 M ⊙ , using the data from the Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument (DESI) Legacy Imaging Surveys and the spectroscopic samples of Slogan Digital Sky Survey (i.e., Main, LOWZ, and CMASS samples). Our results show that there is no evolution of GSMF from z s = 0.6 to z s = 0.1 for M* > 10 10.6 M ⊙ , and that there is a clear upturn at M* ≈ 10 9.5 M ⊙ toward smaller galaxies in the local GMSF at z s = 0.1. We provide an accurate double Schechter fit to the local GSMF for the entire range of M* and a table of our measurements at the three redshifts, which can be used to test theories of galaxy formation. Our method can achieve an accurate measurement of GSMF to the stellar mass limit where the spectroscopic sample is already highly incomplete (e.g., ~ 10 -3 ) for its target selection.

79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS↗

Materials Data on PaC by Materials Project

PaC is Halite, Rock Salt structured and crystallizes in the cubic Fm-3m space group. The structure is three-dimensional. Pa4+ is bonded to six equivalent C4- atoms to form a mixture of corner and edge-sharing PaC6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedral tilt angles are 0°. All Pa–C bond lengths are 2.54 Å. C4- is bonded to six equivalent Pa4+ atoms to form a mixture of corner and edge-sharing CPa6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedral tilt angles are 0°.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗

A STUDY OF HEATING AND COOLING OF THE ISM IN NGC 1097 WITH HERSCHEL-PACS AND SPITZER-IRS

NGC 1097 is a nearby Seyfert 1 galaxy with a bright circumnuclear starburst ring, a strong large-scale bar, and an active nucleus. We present a detailed study of the spatial variation of the far-infrared (FIR) [C II]158 {mu}m and [O I]63 {mu}m lines and mid-infrared H{sub 2} emission lines as tracers of gas cooling, and of the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) bands as tracers of the photoelectric heating, using Herschel-PACS and Spitzer-IRS infrared spectral maps. We focus on the nucleus and the ring, and two star-forming regions (Enuc N and Enuc S). We estimated a photoelectric gas heating efficiency ([C II]158 {mu}m+[O I]63 {mu}m)/PAH in the ring about 50% lower than in Enuc N and S. The average 11.3/7.7 {mu}m PAH ratio is also lower in the ring, which may suggest a larger fraction of ionized PAHs, but no clear correlation with [C II]158 {mu}m/PAH(5.5-14 {mu}m) is found. PAHs in the ring are responsible for a factor of two more [C II]158 {mu}m and [O I]63 {mu}m emission per unit mass than PAHs in the Enuc S. spectral energy distribution (SED) modeling indicates that at most 25% of the FIR power in the ring and Enuc S can come from high-intensity photodissociation regions (PDRs), in which case G{sub 0} {approx} 10{sup 2.3} and n{sub H} {approx} 10{sup 3.5} cm{sup -3} in the ring. For these values of G{sub 0} and n{sub H}, PDR models cannot reproduce the observed H{sub 2} emission. Much of the H{sub 2} emission in the starburst ring could come from warm regions in the diffuse interstellar medium that are heated by turbulent dissipation or shocks.

79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS↗