C P -invariance violation at short-baseline experiments in 3 + 1 neutrino scenarios
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de Gouvêa, André↗
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Results for “P INVARIANCE”
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Topological quantum phase transitions in the spin–singlet superconductor with Rashba and Dresselhaus (110) spin–orbit couplings
We examine the topological properties of a spin–singlet superconductor with Rashba and Dresselhaus (110) spin–orbit couplings. We demonstrate that there are several topological invariants in the Bogoliubov–de Gennes (BdG) Hamiltonian by symmetry analysis. In particular, the Pfaffian invariant P for the particle–hole symmetry can be used to demonstrate all the possible phase diagrams of the BdG Hamiltonian. We find that the edge spectrum is either Dirac cone or flat band which supports the emergence of the Majorana fermion in this system. For the Majorana flat bands, an edge index, namely the Pfaffian invariant P(k{sub y}) or the winding number W(k{sub y}), is needed to make them topologically stable. These edge indices can also be used in determining the location of the Majorana flat bands. - Highlights: • Majorana fermion can emerge in the spin–orbit coupled singlet superconductor. • Pfaffian invariant and 1D winding number can be used to identify the nontrivial topological phase where Majorana flat band exists. • All the possible phase diagrams in the spin–orbit coupled singlet superconductor are demonstrated. • Majorana flat band only exists in the y direction in our model. • Majorana flat band has a significant experimental signature in the tunneling conductance measurement.
71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗
Production of Λ 0 , Λ̄ 0 , Ξ ± , and Ω ± hyperons in pp̄ collisions at √s=1.96 TeV
We report a set of measurements of inclusive invariant p T differential cross sections of Λ 0 , Λ̄ 0 , Ξ ± , and Ω ± hyperons reconstructed in the central region with pseudorapidity |η|<1 and p T up to 10 GeV/c. Events are collected with a minimum-bias trigger in pp̄ collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 1.96 TeV using the CDF II detector at the Tevatron Collider. As p T increases, the slopes of the differential cross sections of the three particles are similar, which could indicate a universality of the particle production in p T . The invariant differential cross sections are also presented for different charged-particle multiplicity intervals.
Aaltonen, T.↗
Search for electric dipole moments of light ions in storage rings
The Standard Model (SM) of Particle Physics is not capable to account for the apparent matterantimatter asymmetry of our Universe. Physics beyond the SM is required and is searched for by (i) employing highest energies (e.g., at LHC), and (ii) striving for ultimate precision and sensitivity (e.g., in the search for electric dipole moments (EDMs)). Permanent EDMs of particles violate both time reversal (T) and parity (P) invariance, and are via the CPT-theorem also CP-violating. Finding an EDM would be a strong indication for physics beyond the SM, and pushing upper limits further provides crucial tests for any corresponding theoretical model, e.g., SUSY. Direct searches of proton and deuteron EDMs bear the potential to reach sensitivities beyond 10{sup −29} e cm. For an all-electric proton storage ring, this goal is pursued by the US-based srEDM collaboration [2], while the newly found Julich-based JEDI collaboration [1] is pursuing an approach using a combined electric-magnetic lattice which shall provide access to the EDMs of protons, deuterons, and {sup 3}He ions in the same machine. In addition, JEDI has recently proposed to perform a direct measurement of the proton and/or deuteron EDM at COSY using resonant techniques involving Wien filters.
72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
Observation and study of the baryonic B-meson decays B→D (*) pp̄(π)(π)
We present results for B-meson decay modes involving a charm meson, protons, and pions using 455×10⁶ BB¯¯¯ pairs recorded by the BaBar detector at the SLAC PEP-II asymmetric-energy e⁺e⁻ collider. The branching fractions are measured for the following ten decays: B¯¯¯⁰→D⁰pp̄, B¯¯¯⁰→D*⁰pp̄, B¯¯¯⁰→D⁺pp̄π⁻, B¯¯¯⁰→D*⁺pp̄π⁻, B⁻→D⁰pp̄π⁻, B⁻→D*⁰pp̄π⁻, B¯¯¯⁰→D⁰pp̄π⁻π⁺, B¯¯¯⁰→D*⁰pp̄π⁻π⁺, B⁻→D⁺pp̄π⁻π⁻, and B⁻→D*⁺pp̄π⁻π⁻. The four B⁻ and the two five-body B¯¯¯⁰ modes are observed for the first time. The four-body modes are enhanced compared to the three- and the five-body modes. In the three-body modes, the M(pp̄) and M(D(*)⁰p) invariant-mass distributions show enhancements near threshold values. In the four-body mode B¯¯¯⁰→D⁺pp̄π⁻, the M(pπ⁻) distribution shows a narrow structure of unknown origin near 1.5 GeV/c². The distributions for the five-body modes, in contrast to the others, are similar to the expectations from uniform phase-space predictions.
del Amo Sanchez, P.↗
Inclusive production of the $P_c$ resonances in $p \overline p $ collisions
We present a study of the inclusive production in $p \overline p $ collisions of the pentaquark states $P_c(4440)$ and $P_c(4457)$ with the decay to the $J/\psi p$ final state previously observed by the LHCb experiment. Using a sample of candidates originating from decays of $b$-flavored hadrons, we find an enhancement in the $J/\psi p$ invariant mass distribution consistent with a sum of $P_c(4440)$ and $P_c(4457)$. The significance, with the input parameters set to the LHCb values, is $3.0\sigma$. This is the first confirmatory evidence for these pentaquark states. We measure the ratio $N_{\rm prompt}/N_{\rm nonprompt}=0.05 \pm 0.39$ and set an upper limit of 0.8 at the 95\% credibility level. The ratio of the yield of the $P_c(4312)$ to the sum of $P_c(4440)$ and $P_c(4457)$ is less than 0.6 at the 95\% credibility level. The study is based on $10.4~\rm{fb^{-1}}$ of data collected by the D0 experiment at the Fermilab Tevatron collider.
72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
Dynamics of the Weyl scale invariant non-BPS p = 3 brane
In this paper a Weyl scale-invariant p = 3-brane scenario is introduced, with the brane embedded in a higher-dimensional bulk space with N = 1, 5D Super-Weyl symmetry. Its action, which describes its long wave oscillation modes into the ambient superspace and breaks the target symmetry down to the lower dimensional Weyl W(1, 3) symmetry, is constructed by the approach of coset method.
72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
Studying the $P_c(4450)$ Resonance in $J/\psi $ Photoproduction Off Protons
Here, the LHCb has reported the observation of a resonancelike structure, the $P_c(4450)$, in the $J/\psi $ p invariant masses. In our work, we discuss the feasibility of detecting this structure in $J/\psi $ photoproduction, e.g. in the measurements that have been approved for the experiments in Hall A/C and in Hall B with CLAS12 at JLab. Also the GlueX Collaboration has already reported preliminary results. We take into account the experimental resolution effects, and perform a global fit to world J/psi photoproduction data in order to study the possibility of observing the $P_c(4450)$ signal in future JLab data. We present a first estimate of the upper limit for the branching ratio of the $P_c(4450)$ into the $J/\psi $ p channel, and we study the angular distributions of the differential cross sections. This will shed light on the nature and couplings of the $P_c(4450)$ structure in the future photoproduction experiments.
74 ATOMIC AND MOLECULAR PHYSICS↗
UHECR acceleration in dark matter filaments of cosmological structure formation
A mechanism for proton acceleration to ∼ 10{sup 21} eV is suggested. It may operate in accretion flows onto thin dark matter filaments of cosmic structure formation. The flow compresses the ambient magnetic field to strongly increase and align it with the filament. Particles begin the acceleration by E × B drift with the accretion flow. The energy gain in the drift regime is limited by the conservation of the adiabatic invariant p{sub p}erpendicular{sup 2}/B(r). Upon approaching the filament, the drift turns into the gyro-motion around the filament so that the particle moves parallel to the azimuthal electric field. In this 'betatron' regime the acceleration speeds up to rapidly reach the electrodynamic limit cp{sub max} = eBR for an accelerator with magnetic field B and the orbit radius R (Larmor radius). The periodic orbit becomes unstable and the particle slings out of the filament to the region of a weak (uncompressed) magnetic field, which terminates the acceleration. To escape the filament, accelerated particles must have gyro-radii comparable with the filament radius. Therefore, the mechanism requires pre-acceleration that is likely to occur in large scale shocks upstream or nearby the filament accretion flow. Previous studies identify such shocks as efficient proton accelerators, with a firm upper limit ∼ 10{sup 19.5} eV placed by the catastrophic photo-pion losses. The present mechanism combines explosive energy gain in its final (betatron) phase with prompt particle release from the region of strong magnetic field. It is this combination that allows protons to overcome both the photo-pion and the synchrotron-Compton losses and therefore attain energy ∼ 10{sup 21} eV. A customary requirement on accelerator power to reach a given E{sub max}, which is placed by the accelerator energy dissipation ∝E{sub max}{sup 2}/Z{sub 0} due to the finite vacuum impedance Z{sub 0}, is circumvented by the cyclic operation of the accelerator.
79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS↗
Search for Violations of Lorentz Invariance and C P T Symmetry in B ( s ) 0 Mixing
Violations of CPT symmetry and Lorentz invariance are searched for by studying interference effects in B 0 mixing and in B 0 s mixing. Samples of B 0 → J/ψK 0 S and B 0 s → J/ψK + K – decays are recorded by the LHCb detector in proton-proton collisions at center-of-mass energies of 7 and 8 TeV, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 3 fb –1 . No periodic variations of the particle-antiparticle mass differences are found, consistent with Lorentz invariance and CPT symmetry. Results are expressed in terms of the standard model extension parameter Δa μ with precisions of O (10 –15 ) and O (10 –14 ) GeV for the B 0 and B 0 s systems, respectively. With no assumption on Lorentz (non)invariance, the CPT -violating parameter z in the B 0 s system is measured for the first time and found to be R e(z) = –0.022 ± 0.033 ± 0.005 and Im (z) = 0.004 ± 0.011 ± 0.002, where the first uncertainties are statistical and the second systematic.
72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
First observation of γ γ → p p ¯ K + K - and search for exotic baryons in p K systems
The process γ γ → p p ¯ K + K - and its intermediate processes are measured for the first time using a 980 fb - 1 data sample collected with the Belle detector at the KEKB asymmetric-energy e + e - collider. The production of p p ¯ K + K - and a Λ ( 1520 ) 0 ( Λ ¯ ( 1520 ) 0 ) signal in the p K - ( p ¯ K + ) invariant mass spectrum are clearly observed. However, no evidence for an exotic baryon near 1540 MeV / c 2 , denoted as Θ ( 1540 ) 0 ( Θ ¯ ( 1540 ) 0 ) or Θ ( 1540 ) + + ( Θ ( 1540 ) - -- ), is seen in the p K - ( p ¯ K + ) or p K + ( p ¯ K - ) invariant mass spectra. Cross sections for γ γ → p p ¯ K + K - , Λ ( 1520 ) 0 p ¯ K + + c . c . and the products σ ( γ γ → Θ ( 1540 ) 0 p ¯ K + + c . c . ) B ( Θ ( 1540 ) 0 → p K - ) and σ ( γ γ → Θ ( 1540 ) + + p ¯ K - + c . c . ) B ( Θ ( 1540 ) + + → p K + ) are measured. We also determine upper limits on the products of the χ c 0 and χ c 2 two-photon decay widths and their branching fractions to p p ¯ K + K - at the 90% credibility level.
72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
Phenomenological constraints on A N in p ↑ p→πX from Lorentz invariance relations
We present a new analysis of A N in p ↑ p→πX within the collinear twist-3 factorization formalism. We incorporate recently derived Lorentz invariance relations into our calculation and focus on input from the kinematical twist-3 functions, which are weighted integrals of transverse momentum dependent (TMD) functions. In particular, we use the latest extractions of the Sivers and Collins functions with TMD evolution to compute certain terms in A N . Consequently, we are able to constrain the remaining contributions from the lesser known dynamical twist-3 correlators.
72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
pp{yields}p{Lambda}K{sup +} reaction in search for the K{sup -}pp state - quest for a kaonic nuclei
The dibaryonic kaonic nuclear bound state, K{sup -}pp is searched by studying an exclusive p+p{yields}p+{Lambda}+K{sup +} process at several beam energies. A signature of the K{sup -}pp is explored in a p+p{yields}X({identical_to}K{sup -}pp)+K{sup +} reaction that follows a decay of the X into p+{Lambda}. We found in a missing-mass {Delta}M(K{sup +}) spectrum and a {Lambda}p invariant-mass M({Lambda}p) spectrum of DISTO data at 2.85 GeV a resonance with M = 2267 MeV/c{sup 2} and {Gamma} = 118 MeV. Those events are found to be associated with a mono energetic kaon. We investigate this resonance as a candidate of the K{sup -}pp further also with a different beam energies.
72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
Quantum noise and mode nonorthogonality in non-Hermitian PT-symmetric optical resonators
PT-symmetric optical resonators combine absorbing regions with active, amplifying regions. The latter are the source of radiation generated via spontaneous and stimulated emission, which embodies quantum noise and can result in lasing. We calculate the frequency-resolved output radiation intensity of such systems and relate it to a suitable measure of excess noise and mode nonorthogonality. The line shape differs depending on whether the emission lines are isolated (as for weakly amplifying, almost-Hermitian systems) or overlapping (as for the almost-degenerate resonances in the vicinity of exceptional points associated with spontaneous PT-symmetry breaking). The calculations are carried out in the scattering input-output formalism, and are illustrated for a quasi-one-dimensional resonator setup. In our derivations, we also consider the more general case of a resonator in which the amplifying and absorbing regions are not related by symmetry.
71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗
Electroweak currents as a consequence of the gauge symmetry of lepton flavors and of the seesaw spectrum of neutrino masses
Consequences of the hypothesis that the Sp(pn/2) symplectic group is a broken gauge group of (n) lepton flavors are considered. An invariant Majorana mass is impossible in Sp(pn/2). A dynamical spontaneous breaking of Sp(pn/2) is admissible only if the number of flavors is n = 6and if, simultaneously, parity (R,L symmetry) violation occurs. The action of the seesaw mechanism generates here three light and three heavy Dirac neutrinos. The disregard of heavy particles in an R,L-symmetric system of weak and electromagnetic interactions (R + L vector currents) leads to a theory featuring parity nonconservation and axial anomalies. Only a weak left-handed (L) and a total (R + L) electromagnetic current do not have anomalies and remain independent of high-mass physics. These are precisely Standard Model currents.
72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗