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Effects of oxygen on the adsorption/oxidation of aqueous Sb(III) by Fe-loaded biochar: An X-ray absorption spectroscopy study

Fe-loaded biochar (FeBC) has been considered for Sb(III) adsorption, but the effects of oxygen (O 2 ) on the adsorption need further investigation. Liquid-/solid-phase analyses were conducted to investigate the role of O 2 in the Sb(III) adsorption by FeBC. The adsorption was best described by the pseudo-second-order (PSO) model for kinetic results and by the Langmuir model for thermodynamic results. More than 96.8 % of Sb(III) was adsorbed by FeBC, and available O 2 increased the liquid-phase Sb(III) oxidation efficiency by 2.1–7.5 times. The peak changes at ~1640 and 3450 cm -1 in FTIR spectra indicated the occurrence of inner-sphere complexation between Sb(III)/Sb(V) and hydroxyl (–OH)/carboxyl (–COOH) groups in FeBC under aerobic and anaerobic conditions. Fe/Sb X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) analysis results showed aqueous Sb(III) complexed to the edge-sharing Fe(III)-O-Fe(III) in FeBC. Regardless of whether O 2 was available or not, solid-phase edge-sharing Fe(III)-O-Sb(V) complexes (~3.05 Å), which had lower toxicity and migration ability than aqueous Sb(III), formed through a ligand-to-metal charge-transfer (LMCT) process. More than 91 % of adsorbed Sb(III) was oxidized to edge-sharing Fe(III)-O-Sb(V) complexes in 3 h. Additionally, the Sb(V) from liquid-phase oxidation could also directly complex to the Fe(III)-O-Fe(III) and form edge-sharing Fe(III)-O-Sb(V) complexes. Here these results provide evidence to inform further FeBC application for the Sb-contaminated water treatment.

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗

Materials Data on SbO2 by Materials Project

SbO2 is Fluorite-like structured and crystallizes in the cubic Fd-3m space group. The structure is three-dimensional. there are two inequivalent Sb sites. In the first Sb site, Sb is bonded in a body-centered cubic geometry to eight O atoms. There are six shorter (2.17 Å) and two longer (2.29 Å) Sb–O bond lengths. In the second Sb site, Sb is bonded in a body-centered cubic geometry to eight O atoms. There are two shorter (2.29 Å) and six longer (2.43 Å) Sb–O bond lengths. There are three inequivalent O sites. In the first O site, O is bonded to four equivalent Sb atoms to form a mixture of edge and corner-sharing OSb4 tetrahedra. In the second O site, O is bonded to four equivalent Sb atoms to form a mixture of edge and corner-sharing OSb4 tetrahedra. In the third O site, O is bonded to four Sb atoms to form a mixture of edge and corner-sharing OSb4 tetrahedra.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗

Materials Data on Sb2O5 by Materials Project

Sb2O5 crystallizes in the monoclinic C2/c space group. The structure is three-dimensional. Sb5+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form a mixture of edge and corner-sharing SbO6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 43–54°. There are a spread of Sb–O bond distances ranging from 1.93–2.14 Å. There are three inequivalent O2- sites. In the first O2- site, O2- is bonded in a bent 120 degrees geometry to two equivalent Sb5+ atoms. In the second O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted bent 150 degrees geometry to two equivalent Sb5+ atoms. In the third O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted trigonal planar geometry to three equivalent Sb5+ atoms.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗

Materials Data on SbO2 by Materials Project

SbO2 crystallizes in the monoclinic C2/c space group. The structure is three-dimensional. there are two inequivalent Sb sites. In the first Sb site, Sb is bonded in a distorted rectangular see-saw-like geometry to four equivalent O atoms. There are two shorter (2.06 Å) and two longer (2.24 Å) Sb–O bond lengths. In the second Sb site, Sb is bonded to six O atoms to form corner-sharing SbO6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedral tilt angles are 45°. There are a spread of Sb–O bond distances ranging from 2.00–2.04 Å. There are two inequivalent O sites. In the first O site, O is bonded in a trigonal planar geometry to three Sb atoms. In the second O site, O is bonded in a distorted bent 120 degrees geometry to two equivalent Sb atoms.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗

Materials Data on Sb2O3 by Materials Project

Sb2O3 is diamond structured and crystallizes in the cubic Fd-3m space group. The structure is zero-dimensional and consists of eight tetraantimony hexaoxide molecules. Sb3+ is bonded in a distorted T-shaped geometry to three equivalent O2- atoms. All Sb–O bond lengths are 2.01 Å. O2- is bonded in a bent 120 degrees geometry to two equivalent Sb3+ atoms.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗

Materials Data on Sb2O3 by Materials Project

Sb2O3 is Antimony trioxide structured and crystallizes in the orthorhombic Pccn space group. The structure is three-dimensional. Sb3+ is bonded in a 5-coordinate geometry to five O2- atoms. There are a spread of Sb–O bond distances ranging from 2.02–2.63 Å. There are two inequivalent O2- sites. In the first O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 2-coordinate geometry to four equivalent Sb3+ atoms. In the second O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to three equivalent Sb3+ atoms.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗

Materials Data on SbO2 by Materials Project

SbO2 crystallizes in the cubic Fd-3m space group. The structure is three-dimensional. Sb is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to six O atoms. There are three shorter (2.02 Å) and three longer (2.62 Å) Sb–O bond lengths. There are two inequivalent O sites. In the first O site, O is bonded to six equivalent Sb atoms to form edge-sharing OSb6 octahedra. In the second O site, O is bonded in a distorted bent 150 degrees geometry to two equivalent Sb atoms.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗

Materials Data on SbO2 by Materials Project

SbO2 crystallizes in the orthorhombic Pna2_1 space group. The structure is three-dimensional. there are two inequivalent Sb sites. In the first Sb site, Sb is bonded in a 5-coordinate geometry to five O atoms. There are a spread of Sb–O bond distances ranging from 2.07–2.60 Å. In the second Sb site, Sb is bonded to six O atoms to form corner-sharing SbO6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 44–45°. There are a spread of Sb–O bond distances ranging from 1.98–2.05 Å. There are four inequivalent O sites. In the first O site, O is bonded in a distorted trigonal planar geometry to three Sb atoms. In the second O site, O is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to three Sb atoms. In the third O site, O is bonded in a distorted trigonal planar geometry to three Sb atoms. In the fourth O site, O is bonded in a distorted bent 150 degrees geometry to two equivalent Sb atoms.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗

Materials Data on SbO2 by Materials Project

SbO2 crystallizes in the orthorhombic Pnna space group. The structure is three-dimensional. there are two inequivalent Sb sites. In the first Sb site, Sb is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to six O atoms. There are a spread of Sb–O bond distances ranging from 2.07–2.71 Å. In the second Sb site, Sb is bonded to six O atoms to form corner-sharing SbO6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedral tilt angles are 44°. There are a spread of Sb–O bond distances ranging from 1.99–2.04 Å. There are two inequivalent O sites. In the first O site, O is bonded in a distorted trigonal planar geometry to three Sb atoms. In the second O site, O is bonded in a 2-coordinate geometry to three Sb atoms.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗

Materials Data on Sb2O3 by Materials Project

Sb2O3 crystallizes in the orthorhombic Pmmn space group. The structure is two-dimensional and consists of one Sb2O3 sheet oriented in the (0, 1, 0) direction. Sb3+ is bonded in a distorted see-saw-like geometry to four O2- atoms. There are a spread of Sb–O bond distances ranging from 2.02–2.50 Å. There are two inequivalent O2- sites. In the first O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted trigonal non-coplanar geometry to three equivalent Sb3+ atoms. In the second O2- site, O2- is bonded in a bent 120 degrees geometry to two equivalent Sb3+ atoms.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗

Materials Data on Sb2O5 by Materials Project

Sb2O5 crystallizes in the trigonal R-3m space group. The structure is three-dimensional. there are two inequivalent Sb5+ sites. In the first Sb5+ site, Sb5+ is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to six O2- atoms. There are three shorter (2.13 Å) and three longer (2.72 Å) Sb–O bond lengths. In the second Sb5+ site, Sb5+ is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to six O2- atoms. There are three shorter (2.13 Å) and three longer (2.72 Å) Sb–O bond lengths. There are six inequivalent O2- sites. In the first O2- site, O2- is bonded to six O2- atoms to form corner-sharing OO6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedral tilt angles are 38°. All O–O bond lengths are 2.07 Å. In the second O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted bent 150 degrees geometry to two Sb5+ and two equivalent O2- atoms. In the third O2- site, O2- is bonded to six equivalent Sb5+ atoms to form distorted edge-sharing OSb6 octahedra. In the fourth O2- site, O2- is bonded to six equivalent O2- atoms to form corner-sharing OO6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedral tilt angles are 38°. All O–O bond lengths are 2.08 Å. In the fifth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted bent 150 degrees geometry to two equivalent Sb5+ and two O2- atoms. In the sixth O2- site, O2- is bonded to six Sb5+ atoms to form distorted edge-sharing OSb6 octahedra.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗

Materials Data on Sb26O53 by Materials Project

Sb26O53 crystallizes in the triclinic P1 space group. The structure is three-dimensional. there are twenty-six inequivalent Sb+4.08+ sites. In the first Sb+4.08+ site, Sb+4.08+ is bonded in a 5-coordinate geometry to five O2- atoms. There are a spread of Sb–O bond distances ranging from 2.05–2.67 Å. In the second Sb+4.08+ site, Sb+4.08+ is bonded to five O2- atoms to form distorted edge-sharing SbO5 trigonal bipyramids. There are a spread of Sb–O bond distances ranging from 1.92–1.98 Å. In the third Sb+4.08+ site, Sb+4.08+ is bonded in a rectangular see-saw-like geometry to four O2- atoms. There are a spread of Sb–O bond distances ranging from 2.06–2.24 Å. In the fourth Sb+4.08+ site, Sb+4.08+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form corner-sharing SbO6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 43–45°. There are a spread of Sb–O bond distances ranging from 2.01–2.04 Å. In the fifth Sb+4.08+ site, Sb+4.08+ is bonded in a distorted rectangular see-saw-like geometry to four O2- atoms. There are a spread of Sb–O bond distances ranging from 2.05–2.26 Å. In the sixth Sb+4.08+ site, Sb+4.08+ is bonded in a 5-coordinate geometry to five O2- atoms. There are a spread of Sb–O bond distances ranging from 2.03–2.67 Å. In the seventh Sb+4.08+ site, Sb+4.08+ is bonded in a distorted rectangular see-saw-like geometry to four O2- atoms. There are two shorter (2.07 Å) and two longer (2.23 Å) Sb–O bond lengths. In the eighth Sb+4.08+ site, Sb+4.08+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form corner-sharing SbO6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 44–45°. There are a spread of Sb–O bond distances ranging from 2.01–2.04 Å. In the ninth Sb+4.08+ site, Sb+4.08+ is bonded in a distorted rectangular see-saw-like geometry to four O2- atoms. There are a spread of Sb–O bond distances ranging from 2.06–2.24 Å. In the tenth Sb+4.08+ site, Sb+4.08+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form corner-sharing SbO6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 43–45°. There are a spread of Sb–O bond distances ranging from 2.00–2.05 Å. In the eleventh Sb+4.08+ site, Sb+4.08+ is bonded in a distorted rectangular see-saw-like geometry to four O2- atoms. There are a spread of Sb–O bond distances ranging from 2.07–2.24 Å. In the twelfth Sb+4.08+ site, Sb+4.08+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form corner-sharing SbO6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 44–45°. There are a spread of Sb–O bond distances ranging from 2.01–2.03 Å. In the thirteenth Sb+4.08+ site, Sb+4.08+ is bonded in a distorted rectangular see-saw-like geometry to four O2- atoms. There are a spread of Sb–O bond distances ranging from 2.07–2.25 Å. In the fourteenth Sb+4.08+ site, Sb+4.08+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form corner-sharing SbO6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 44–45°. There are four shorter (2.01 Å) and two longer (2.05 Å) Sb–O bond lengths. In the fifteenth Sb+4.08+ site, Sb+4.08+ is bonded in a distorted rectangular see-saw-like geometry to four O2- atoms. There are a spread of Sb–O bond distances ranging from 2.05–2.30 Å. In the sixteenth Sb+4.08+ site, Sb+4.08+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form corner-sharing SbO6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 44–45°. There are a spread of Sb–O bond distances ranging from 2.01–2.03 Å. In the seventeenth Sb+4.08+ site, Sb+4.08+ is bonded in a distorted rectangular see-saw-like geometry to four O2- atoms. There are a spread of Sb–O bond distances ranging from 2.06–2.25 Å. In the eighteenth Sb+4.08+ site, Sb+4.08+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form corner-sharing SbO6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 44–45°. There are four shorter (2.01 Å) and two longer (2.05 Å) Sb–O bond lengths. In the nineteenth Sb+4.08+ site, Sb+4.08+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form corner-sharing SbO6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 41–52°. There are a spread of Sb–O bond distances ranging from 1.97–2.08 Å. In the twentieth Sb+4.08+ site, Sb+4.08+ is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to four O2- atoms. There are a spread of Sb–O bond distances ranging from 2.06–2.27 Å. In the twenty-first Sb+4.08+ site, Sb+4.08+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form corner-sharing SbO6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 44–45°. There are a spread of Sb–O bond distances ranging from 2.00–2.05 Å. In the twenty-second Sb+4.08+ site, Sb+4.08+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form distorted corner-sharing SbO4 trigonal pyramids. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 26–68°. There are a spread of Sb–O bond distances ranging from 1.99–2.26 Å. In the twenty-third Sb+4.08+ site, Sb+4.08+ is bonded in a 5-coordinate geometry to five O2- atoms. There are a spread of Sb–O bond distances ranging from 1.94–2.13 Å. In the twenty-fourth Sb+4.08+ site, Sb+4.08+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form corner-sharing SbO6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 41–52°. There are a spread of Sb–O bond distances ranging from 1.97–2.15 Å. In the twenty-fifth Sb+4.08+ site, Sb+4.08+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form SbO6 octahedra that share corners with two equivalent SbO4 trigonal pyramids and an edgeedge with one SbO5 trigonal bipyramid. There are a spread of Sb–O bond distances ranging from 1.96–2.15 Å. In the twenty-sixth Sb+4.08+ site, Sb+4.08+ is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to five O2- atoms. There are a spread of Sb–O bond distances ranging from 2.01–2.74 Å. There are fifty-three inequivalent O2- sites. In the first O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted trigonal planar geometry to three Sb+4.08+ atoms. In the second O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 2-coordinate geometry to three Sb+4.08+ atoms. In the third O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to three Sb+4.08+ atoms. In the fourth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted trigonal planar geometry to three Sb+4.08+ atoms. In the fifth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted bent 150 degrees geometry to two Sb+4.08+ atoms. In the sixth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted trigonal planar geometry to three Sb+4.08+ atoms. In the seventh O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted bent 120 degrees geometry to two Sb+4.08+ atoms. In the eighth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted bent 150 degrees geometry to two Sb+4.08+ atoms. In the ninth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a water-like geometry to two Sb+4.08+ atoms. In the tenth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted bent 120 degrees geometry to three Sb+4.08+ atoms. In the eleventh O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted trigonal planar geometry to three Sb+4.08+ atoms. In the twelfth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to two Sb+4.08+ and one O2- atom. The O–O bond length is 1.46 Å. In the thirteenth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted bent 150 degrees geometry to two Sb+4.08+ atoms. In the fourteenth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted trigonal planar geometry to three Sb+4.08+ atoms. In the fifteenth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted bent 150 degrees geometry to two Sb+4.08+ atoms. In the sixteenth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted bent 150 degrees geometry to two Sb+4.08+ atoms. In the seventeenth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted trigonal planar geometry to three Sb+4.08+ atoms. In the eighteenth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted bent 150 degrees geometry to two Sb+4.08+ atoms. In the nineteenth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted trigonal planar geometry to three Sb+4.08+ atoms. In the twentieth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted trigonal planar geometry to three Sb+4.08+ atoms. In the twenty-first O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted bent 150 degrees geometry to two Sb+4.08+ atoms. In the twenty-second O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted trigonal planar geometry to three Sb+4.08+ atoms. In the twenty-third O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted bent 150 degrees geometry to two Sb+4.08+ atoms. In the twenty-fourth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted bent 150 degrees geometry to two Sb+4.08+ atoms. In the twenty-fifth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted trigonal planar geometry to three Sb+4.08+ atoms. In the twenty-sixth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted bent 150 degrees geometry to two Sb+4.08+ atoms. In the twenty-seventh O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted trigonal planar geometry to three Sb+4.08+ atoms. In the twenty-eighth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted trigonal planar geometry to three Sb+4.08+ atoms. In the twenty-ninth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted bent 150 degrees geometry to two Sb+4.08+ atoms. In the thirtieth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted trigonal planar geometry to three Sb+4.08+ atoms. In the thirty-first O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted bent 150 degrees geometry to two Sb+4.08+ atoms. In the thirty-second O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted bent 150 degrees geometry to two Sb+4.08+ atoms. In the thirty-third O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted trigonal planar geometry to three Sb+4.08+ atoms. In the thirty-fourth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted bent 150 degrees geometry to two Sb+4.08+ atoms. In the thirty-fifth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a water-like geometry to two Sb+4.08+ atoms. In the thirty-sixth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted trigonal planar geometry to three Sb+4.08+ atoms. In the thirty-seventh O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 2-coordinate geometry to two Sb+4.08+ atoms. In the thirty-eighth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a bent 120 degrees geometry to two Sb+4.08+ atoms. In the thirty-ninth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted bent 150 degrees geometry to two Sb+4.08+ atoms. In the fortieth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a bent 120 degrees geometry to two Sb+4.08+ atoms. In the forty-first O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted trigonal planar geometry to three Sb+4.08+ atoms. In the forty-second O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted bent 150 degrees geometry to two Sb+4.08+ atoms. In the forty-third O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted bent 120 degrees geometry to one Sb+4.08+ and one O2- atom. In the forty-fourth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted trigonal planar geometry to three Sb+4.08+ atoms. In the forty-fifth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted bent 150 degrees geometry to three Sb+4.08+ atoms. In the forty-sixth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted trigonal non-coplanar geometry to three Sb+4.08+ atoms. In the forty-seventh O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted trigonal planar geometry to three Sb+4.08+ atoms. In the forty-eighth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted bent 150 degrees geometry to two Sb+4.08+ atoms. In the forty-ninth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted trigonal planar geometry to three Sb+4.08+ atoms. In the fiftieth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a trigonal non-coplanar geometry to three Sb+4.08+ atoms. In the fifty-first O2- site, O2- is bonded in a water-like geometry to two Sb+4.08+ atoms. In the fifty-second O2- site, O2- is bonded in a water-like geometry to two Sb+4.08+ atoms. In the fifty-third O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to three Sb+4.08+ atoms.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗

Materials Data on Sb2O5 by Materials Project

Sb2O5 crystallizes in the monoclinic P2_1/c space group. The structure is three-dimensional. there are two inequivalent Sb5+ sites. In the first Sb5+ site, Sb5+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form SbO6 octahedra that share corners with three equivalent SbO5 trigonal bipyramids, an edgeedge with one SbO6 octahedra, and an edgeedge with one SbO5 trigonal bipyramid. There are a spread of Sb–O bond distances ranging from 1.99–2.15 Å. In the second Sb5+ site, Sb5+ is bonded to five O2- atoms to form distorted SbO5 trigonal bipyramids that share corners with three equivalent SbO6 octahedra, an edgeedge with one SbO6 octahedra, and an edgeedge with one SbO5 trigonal bipyramid. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 41–63°. There are a spread of Sb–O bond distances ranging from 1.92–2.15 Å. There are five inequivalent O2- sites. In the first O2- site, O2- is bonded in an L-shaped geometry to two equivalent Sb5+ atoms. In the second O2- site, O2- is bonded in a bent 120 degrees geometry to two Sb5+ atoms. In the third O2- site, O2- is bonded in a bent 150 degrees geometry to two Sb5+ atoms. In the fourth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted trigonal non-coplanar geometry to three Sb5+ atoms. In the fifth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a water-like geometry to two Sb5+ atoms.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗

Materials Data on SbO2 by Materials Project

SbO2 is Cyanogen Chloride-derived structured and crystallizes in the hexagonal P6_3/mmc space group. The structure is zero-dimensional and consists of two antimony;dihydrate molecules. Sb is bonded in a linear geometry to two equivalent O atoms. Both Sb–O bond lengths are 1.87 Å. O is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one Sb atom.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗

Materials Data on SbO2 by Materials Project

SbO2 crystallizes in the trigonal R-3m space group. The structure is two-dimensional and consists of three SbO2 sheets oriented in the (0, 0, 1) direction. Sb is bonded to six equivalent O atoms to form distorted edge-sharing SbO6 octahedra. All Sb–O bond lengths are 2.19 Å. O is bonded in a trigonal non-coplanar geometry to three equivalent Sb atoms.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗

Materials Data on Sb2O5 by Materials Project

Sb2O5 crystallizes in the orthorhombic Pbam space group. The structure is three-dimensional. Sb5+ is bonded to five O2- atoms to form distorted corner-sharing SbO5 trigonal bipyramids. There are a spread of Sb–O bond distances ranging from 1.92–2.01 Å. There are three inequivalent O2- sites. In the first O2- site, O2- is bonded in a bent 150 degrees geometry to two equivalent Sb5+ atoms. In the second O2- site, O2- is bonded in a bent 150 degrees geometry to two equivalent Sb5+ atoms. In the third O2- site, O2- is bonded in a linear geometry to two equivalent Sb5+ atoms.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗

Materials Data on SbO2 by Materials Project

SbO2 crystallizes in the triclinic P1 space group. The structure is three-dimensional. there are eight inequivalent Sb sites. In the first Sb site, Sb is bonded to five O atoms to form edge-sharing SbO5 trigonal bipyramids. There are a spread of Sb–O bond distances ranging from 1.93–2.04 Å. In the second Sb site, Sb is bonded in a tetrahedral geometry to four O atoms. There are a spread of Sb–O bond distances ranging from 1.89–1.94 Å. In the third Sb site, Sb is bonded in a tetrahedral geometry to four O atoms. There are a spread of Sb–O bond distances ranging from 1.89–1.93 Å. In the fourth Sb site, Sb is bonded in a distorted T-shaped geometry to three O atoms. There is two shorter (1.97 Å) and one longer (1.99 Å) Sb–O bond length. In the fifth Sb site, Sb is bonded in a distorted T-shaped geometry to three O atoms. There is two shorter (1.97 Å) and one longer (1.98 Å) Sb–O bond length. In the sixth Sb site, Sb is bonded to five O atoms to form edge-sharing SbO5 trigonal bipyramids. There are a spread of Sb–O bond distances ranging from 1.94–2.04 Å. In the seventh Sb site, Sb is bonded in a rectangular see-saw-like geometry to four O atoms. There are a spread of Sb–O bond distances ranging from 2.00–2.27 Å. In the eighth Sb site, Sb is bonded in a rectangular see-saw-like geometry to four O atoms. There are a spread of Sb–O bond distances ranging from 2.00–2.26 Å. There are sixteen inequivalent O sites. In the first O site, O is bonded in a linear geometry to two Sb atoms. In the second O site, O is bonded in a distorted bent 150 degrees geometry to two Sb atoms. In the third O site, O is bonded in a distorted linear geometry to two Sb atoms. In the fourth O site, O is bonded in a water-like geometry to two Sb atoms. In the fifth O site, O is bonded in a water-like geometry to two Sb atoms. In the sixth O site, O is bonded in a linear geometry to two Sb atoms. In the seventh O site, O is bonded in a bent 150 degrees geometry to two Sb atoms. In the eighth O site, O is bonded in a bent 150 degrees geometry to two Sb atoms. In the ninth O site, O is bonded in a bent 120 degrees geometry to two Sb atoms. In the tenth O site, O is bonded in a bent 120 degrees geometry to two Sb atoms. In the eleventh O site, O is bonded in a bent 120 degrees geometry to two Sb atoms. In the twelfth O site, O is bonded in a bent 120 degrees geometry to two Sb atoms. In the thirteenth O site, O is bonded in a bent 120 degrees geometry to two Sb atoms. In the fourteenth O site, O is bonded in a bent 120 degrees geometry to two Sb atoms. In the fifteenth O site, O is bonded in a bent 120 degrees geometry to two Sb atoms. In the sixteenth O site, O is bonded in a bent 120 degrees geometry to two Sb atoms.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗

Materials Data on SbO2 by Materials Project

SbO2 crystallizes in the monoclinic C2/c space group. The structure is three-dimensional. there are two inequivalent Sb sites. In the first Sb site, Sb is bonded to six O atoms to form edge-sharing SbO6 octahedra. There are two shorter (1.99 Å) and four longer (2.07 Å) Sb–O bond lengths. In the second Sb site, Sb is bonded to six O atoms to form distorted edge-sharing SbO6 octahedra. There are four shorter (2.34 Å) and two longer (2.40 Å) Sb–O bond lengths. There are two inequivalent O sites. In the first O site, O is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to three Sb atoms. In the second O site, O is bonded in a distorted trigonal non-coplanar geometry to three Sb atoms.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗