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At least 19 records
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2021

Magnetism and structure of Fe- and Co-substituted Mn 2 NiSn

Mn-containing Heuslers are important magnetic shape-memory alloys for fast and precise actuators in manufacturing, robotics, surgery, and other applications. Among the key requirements are a high magnetization and favorable thermal properties, especially a high Curie temperature. In this work, the effect of Fe and Co substitution on the structure and magnetism of Mn 2 NiSn alloys is investigated. The Heusler alloys have been produced by melt spinning and characterized by X-ray diffraction, magnetometry, and electron-transport measurements. It was found that Co substitution for Mn enhances the Curie temperature of Mn 2 NiSn and both Co and Fe substitution improve its magnetization. Further, these improvements are accompanied by reduced thermal and magnetic hysteresis losses and by interesting structural changes, namely improved chemical order and site occupancies characteristic of quaternary (Y-ordered) Heuslers.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on Nd(NiSn)2 by Materials Project

Nd(NiSn)2 crystallizes in the tetragonal P4/nmm space group. The structure is three-dimensional. Nd is bonded in a 12-coordinate geometry to eight Ni and eight Sn atoms. There are four shorter (3.31 Å) and four longer (3.43 Å) Nd–Ni bond lengths. There are four shorter (3.37 Å) and four longer (3.44 Å) Nd–Sn bond lengths. There are two inequivalent Ni sites. In the first Ni site, Ni is bonded in a 9-coordinate geometry to four equivalent Nd and five Sn atoms. There are one shorter (2.51 Å) and four longer (2.58 Å) Ni–Sn bond lengths. In the second Ni site, Ni is bonded in a 8-coordinate geometry to four equivalent Nd and four equivalent Sn atoms. All Ni–Sn bond lengths are 2.57 Å. There are two inequivalent Sn sites. In the first Sn site, Sn is bonded in a 9-coordinate geometry to four equivalent Nd and five Ni atoms. In the second Sn site, Sn is bonded in a 12-coordinate geometry to four equivalent Nd and four equivalent Ni atoms.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on Pr(NiSn)2 by Materials Project

Pr(NiSn)2 crystallizes in the tetragonal I4/mmm space group. The structure is three-dimensional. Pr is bonded in a 8-coordinate geometry to eight equivalent Ni and eight equivalent Sn atoms. All Pr–Ni bond lengths are 3.45 Å. All Pr–Sn bond lengths are 3.45 Å. Ni is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to four equivalent Pr and four equivalent Sn atoms. All Ni–Sn bond lengths are 2.52 Å. Sn is bonded in a 9-coordinate geometry to four equivalent Pr, four equivalent Ni, and one Sn atom. The Sn–Sn bond length is 2.87 Å.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on Nd(NiSn)2 by Materials Project

Nd(NiSn)2 crystallizes in the tetragonal I4/mmm space group. The structure is three-dimensional. Nd is bonded in a 8-coordinate geometry to eight equivalent Ni and eight equivalent Sn atoms. All Nd–Ni bond lengths are 3.43 Å. All Nd–Sn bond lengths are 3.43 Å. Ni is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to four equivalent Nd and four equivalent Sn atoms. All Ni–Sn bond lengths are 2.52 Å. Sn is bonded in a 9-coordinate geometry to four equivalent Nd, four equivalent Ni, and one Sn atom. The Sn–Sn bond length is 2.85 Å.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on Sm(NiSn)2 by Materials Project

Sm(NiSn)2 crystallizes in the tetragonal I4/mmm space group. The structure is three-dimensional. Sm is bonded in a 8-coordinate geometry to eight equivalent Ni and eight equivalent Sn atoms. All Sm–Ni bond lengths are 3.42 Å. All Sm–Sn bond lengths are 3.42 Å. Ni is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to four equivalent Sm and four equivalent Sn atoms. All Ni–Sn bond lengths are 2.51 Å. Sn is bonded in a 9-coordinate geometry to four equivalent Sm, four equivalent Ni, and one Sn atom. The Sn–Sn bond length is 2.83 Å.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on NiSn by Materials Project

NiSn crystallizes in the orthorhombic Pbam space group. The structure is three-dimensional. there are five inequivalent Ni sites. In the first Ni site, Ni is bonded in a 11-coordinate geometry to four Ni and seven Sn atoms. There are a spread of Ni–Ni bond distances ranging from 2.68–3.03 Å. There are a spread of Ni–Sn bond distances ranging from 2.62–2.86 Å. In the second Ni site, Ni is bonded in a 9-coordinate geometry to three Ni and six Sn atoms. There are two shorter (2.63 Å) and one longer (2.82 Å) Ni–Ni bond lengths. There are a spread of Ni–Sn bond distances ranging from 2.57–2.66 Å. In the third Ni site, Ni is bonded in a 10-coordinate geometry to three Ni and seven Sn atoms. There are a spread of Ni–Sn bond distances ranging from 2.65–2.84 Å. In the fourth Ni site, Ni is bonded in a 8-coordinate geometry to four Ni and six Sn atoms. Both Ni–Ni bond lengths are 2.61 Å. There are two shorter (2.54 Å) and four longer (2.62 Å) Ni–Sn bond lengths. In the fifth Ni site, Ni is bonded in a 10-coordinate geometry to four Ni and six Sn atoms. There are four shorter (2.65 Å) and two longer (2.68 Å) Ni–Sn bond lengths. There are four inequivalent Sn sites. In the first Sn site, Sn is bonded in a 7-coordinate geometry to seven Ni atoms. In the second Sn site, Sn is bonded in a 6-coordinate geometry to six Ni atoms. In the third Sn site, Sn is bonded in a 6-coordinate geometry to six Ni atoms. In the fourth Sn site, Sn is bonded in a 7-coordinate geometry to seven Ni atoms.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on Th(NiSn)2 by Materials Project

Th(NiSn)2 crystallizes in the tetragonal P4/nmm space group. The structure is three-dimensional. Th is bonded in a 8-coordinate geometry to eight Ni and eight Sn atoms. There are four shorter (3.25 Å) and four longer (3.44 Å) Th–Ni bond lengths. There are four shorter (3.33 Å) and four longer (3.49 Å) Th–Sn bond lengths. There are two inequivalent Ni sites. In the first Ni site, Ni is bonded in a 8-coordinate geometry to four equivalent Th and four equivalent Sn atoms. All Ni–Sn bond lengths are 2.56 Å. In the second Ni site, Ni is bonded in a 9-coordinate geometry to four equivalent Th and five Sn atoms. There are one shorter (2.49 Å) and four longer (2.57 Å) Ni–Sn bond lengths. There are two inequivalent Sn sites. In the first Sn site, Sn is bonded in a 9-coordinate geometry to four equivalent Th and five Ni atoms. In the second Sn site, Sn is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to four equivalent Th and four equivalent Ni atoms.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on ZrSc(NiSn)2 by Materials Project

ScZr(NiSn)2 is half-Heusler-derived structured and crystallizes in the trigonal R3m space group. The structure is three-dimensional. Sc is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to four Ni and six Sn atoms. All Sc–Ni bond lengths are 2.68 Å. There are three shorter (3.08 Å) and three longer (3.09 Å) Sc–Sn bond lengths. Zr is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to four Ni and six Sn atoms. There are three shorter (2.66 Å) and one longer (2.68 Å) Zr–Ni bond lengths. There are three shorter (3.08 Å) and three longer (3.10 Å) Zr–Sn bond lengths. There are two inequivalent Ni sites. In the first Ni site, Ni is bonded in a body-centered cubic geometry to one Sc, three equivalent Zr, and four Sn atoms. There are one shorter (2.67 Å) and three longer (2.68 Å) Ni–Sn bond lengths. In the second Ni site, Ni is bonded in a body-centered cubic geometry to three equivalent Sc, one Zr, and four Sn atoms. There are three shorter (2.66 Å) and one longer (2.69 Å) Ni–Sn bond lengths. There are two inequivalent Sn sites. In the first Sn site, Sn is bonded in a distorted q6 geometry to three equivalent Sc, three equivalent Zr, and four Ni atoms. In the second Sn site, Sn is bonded in a distorted q6 geometry to three equivalent Sc, three equivalent Zr, and four Ni atoms.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2021

Magnetic and structural properties of Mn X NiSn ( X = Mn, Fe, Co)

Crystal structure and magnetic properties of Heusler alloys MnXNiSn (X = Mn, Fe, Co) are investigated using density functional theory and compared with experimental results. The parent alloy Mn 2 NiSn, which crystallizes in the inverse Heusler structure, is found to be ferrimagnetic, in agreement with previous experimental and theoretical work. The Fe and Co substitutions cause the alloys to assume a fairly well-ordered Y structure and enhance the magnetization substantially. We find that the strong nearest neighbour Mn-X exchange changes from antiferromagnetic (X = Mn) to ferromagnetic (X = Fe, Co), which explains and actually overestimates the experimental changes. A striking feature of the system is that Fe and Co have opposite effects on the Curie temperature T c : they reduce and enhance T c , respectively. We qualitatively explain this behaviour in terms of two-sublattice model based on the nearest-neighbour exchange.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on La(NiSn)2 by Materials Project

LaNi2Sn2 crystallizes in the tetragonal I4/mmm space group. The structure is three-dimensional. La is bonded in a 8-coordinate geometry to eight equivalent Ni and eight equivalent Sn atoms. All La–Ni bond lengths are 3.45 Å. All La–Sn bond lengths are 3.48 Å. Ni is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to four equivalent La and four equivalent Sn atoms. All Ni–Sn bond lengths are 2.53 Å. Sn is bonded in a 9-coordinate geometry to four equivalent La, four equivalent Ni, and one Sn atom. The Sn–Sn bond length is 2.90 Å.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on La(NiSn)2 by Materials Project

LaNi2Sn2 crystallizes in the tetragonal P4/nmm space group. The structure is three-dimensional. La is bonded in a 12-coordinate geometry to eight Ni and eight Sn atoms. There are four shorter (3.34 Å) and four longer (3.44 Å) La–Ni bond lengths. There are four shorter (3.40 Å) and four longer (3.46 Å) La–Sn bond lengths. There are two inequivalent Ni sites. In the first Ni site, Ni is bonded in a 8-coordinate geometry to four equivalent La and four equivalent Sn atoms. All Ni–Sn bond lengths are 2.58 Å. In the second Ni site, Ni is bonded in a 9-coordinate geometry to four equivalent La and five Sn atoms. There are one shorter (2.54 Å) and four longer (2.60 Å) Ni–Sn bond lengths. There are two inequivalent Sn sites. In the first Sn site, Sn is bonded in a 12-coordinate geometry to four equivalent La and four equivalent Ni atoms. In the second Sn site, Sn is bonded in a 9-coordinate geometry to four equivalent La and five Ni atoms.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Paramagnon heat capacity in (Ti,Zr,Hf)NiFe x NiSn half-Heusler composites

As a measure of the temperature response of the energy of matter, the heat capacity $C_p$ is a fundamental thermodynamic property. Its dependence on magnetic field, especially at low temperatures, yields insight into the electronic, phononic, and magnetic states of condensed matter. Here, we present a set of paramagnetic and ferromagnetic (Ti, Zr, Hf)NiFe x Sn half-Heusler composites that exhibit low-field (<3 T) maxima in $C_p$ and higher-field magnetic quenching of the heat capacity at temperatures below 10 K. Using rigorous statistical analysis, we attribute the effect to the existence of paramagnons within the compounds. To explain the lowest-temperature (<4 K), low-field declines in $C_p$, we derive a magnon model up to fourth order in dispersion. While the combined paramagnon and magnon model matches the data well, the fit parameters are significantly underdetermined. Further, we provide a qualitative explanation of the secondary effect based on superconducting phases within the composites. Overall, our work highlights the insight of field-dependent heat capacity studies at fixed temperatures that cannot be as easily gleaned from the temperature-dependent heat capacity at fixed magnetic fields.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
NASA NTRS2014

Space Link Extension Protocol Emulation for High-Throughput, High-Latency Network Connections

New space missions require higher data rates and new protocols to meet these requirements. These high data rate space communication links push the limitations of not only the space communication links, but of the ground communication networks and protocols which forward user data to remote ground stations (GS) for transmission. The Consultative Committee for Space Data Systems, (CCSDS) Space Link Extension (SLE) standard protocol is one protocol that has been proposed for use by the NASA Space Network (SN) Ground Segment Sustainment (SGSS) program. New protocol implementations must be carefully tested to ensure that they provide the required functionality, especially because of the remote nature of spacecraft. The SLE protocol standard has been tested in the NASA Glenn Research Center's SCENIC Emulation Lab in order to observe its operation under realistic network delay conditions. More specifically, the delay between then NASA Integrated Services Network (NISN) and spacecraft has been emulated. The round trip time (RTT) delay for the continental NISN network has been shown to be up to 120ms; as such the SLE protocol was tested with network delays ranging from 0ms to 200ms. Both a base network condition and an SLE connection were tested with these RTT delays, and the reaction of both network tests to the delay conditions were recorded. Throughput for both of these links was set at 1.2Gbps. The results will show that, in the presence of realistic network delay, the SLE link throughput is significantly reduced while the base network throughput however remained at the 1.2Gbps specification. The decrease in SLE throughput has been attributed to the implementation's use of blocking calls. The decrease in throughput is not acceptable for high data rate links, as the link requires constant data a flow in order for spacecraft and ground radios to stay synchronized, unless significant data is queued a the ground station. In cases where queuing the data is not an option, such as during real time transmissions, the SLE implementation cannot support high data rate communication.

Computer Networking↗
NASA NTRS1984

Electromagnetic containerless undercooling facility and experiments for the Shuttle

An electromagnetic furnace is being prepared for flights aboard the Space Shuttle. This apparatus is capable of melting metals and alloys up to 1400 C melting point by induction heating with subsequent solidification of the freely levitated melt without contact with any container. The solidification can be carried out with greatly reduced fields resulting in minimal heating and stirring of the free melt. Sequential specimens can be processed during flight. Several experiments are planned for a series of flights, beginning in 1985 with an undercooling experiment of NiSn alloys. These will be interspersed with detailed studies of fluid flow caused by low and high field levels in order to quantify the corresponding effect upon the solidification process.

Frost, R. T.↗
NASA NTRS2000

NASA Information Technology Implementation Plan

NASA's Information Technology (IT) resources and IT support continue to be a growing and integral part of all NASA missions. Furthermore, the growing IT support requirements are becoming more complex and diverse. The following are a few examples of the growing complexity and diversity of NASA's IT environment. NASA is conducting basic IT research in the Intelligent Synthesis Environment (ISE) and Intelligent Systems (IS) Initiatives. IT security, infrastructure protection, and privacy of data are requiring more and more management attention and an increasing share of the NASA IT budget. Outsourcing of IT support is becoming a key element of NASA's IT strategy as exemplified by Outsourcing Desktop Initiative for NASA (ODIN) and the outsourcing of NASA Integrated Services Network (NISN) support. Finally, technology refresh is helping to provide improved support at lower cost. Recently the NASA Automated Data Processing (ADP) Consolidation Center (NACC) upgraded its bipolar technology computer systems with Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor (CMOS) technology systems. This NACC upgrade substantially reduced the hardware maintenance and software licensing costs, significantly increased system speed and capacity, and reduced customer processing costs by 11 percent.

Source record↗
NASA NTRS2008

Evolution of the Lunar Network

The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) is planning to upgrade its network Infrastructure to support missions for the 21st century. The first step is to increase the data rate provided to science missions to at least the 100 megabits per second (Mbps) range. This is under way, using Ka-band 26 Gigahertz (GHz), erecting an 18-meter antenna for the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter (LRO), and the planned upgrade of the Deep Space Network (DSN) 34-meter network to support the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST). The next step is the support of manned missions to the Moon and beyond. Establishing an outpost with several activities such as rovers, colonization, and observatories, is better achieved by using a network configuration rather than the current method of point-to-point communication. Another challenge associated with the Moon is communication coverage with the Earth. The Moon's South Pole, targeted for human habitat and exploration, is obscured from Earth view for half of the 28-day lunar cycle and requires the use of lunar relay satellites to provide coverage when there is no direct view of the Earth. The future NASA and Constellation network architecture is described in the Space Communications Architecture Working Group (SCAWG) Report. The Space Communications and Navigation (SCAN) Constellation Integration Project (SCIP) is responsible for coordinating Constellation requirements and has assigned the responsibility for implementing these requirements to the existing NASA communication providers: DSN, Space Network (SN), Ground Network (GN) and the NASA Integrated Services Network (NISN). The SCAWG Report provides a future architecture but does not provide implementation details. The architecture calls for a Netcentric system, using hundreds of 12-meter antennas, a ground antenna array, and a relay network around the Moon. The report did not use cost as a variable in determining the feasibility of this approach. As part of the SCIP Mission Concept Review and the second iteration of the Lunar Architecture Team (LAT), the focus is on cost, as well as communication coverage using operational scenarios. This approach maximizes use of existing assets and adds capability in small increments. This paper addresses architecture decisions such as the Radio Frequency (RF) signal and network (Netcentric) decisions that need to be made and the difficulty of implementing them into the existing Space Network and DSN. It discusses the evolution of the lunar system and describes its components: Tracking and Data Relay Satellite System (TDRSS), Earth-based ground stations, Lunar Relay, and surface systems.

Gal-Edd, Jonathan↗
NASA NTRS2008

Architecture Modeling and Performance Characterization of Space Communications and Navigation (SCaN) Network Using MACHETE

As future space exploration missions will involve larger number of spacecraft and more complex systems, theoretical analysis alone may have limitations on characterizing system performance and interactions among the systems. Simulation tools can be useful for system performance characterization through detailed modeling and simulation of the systems and its environment...This paper reports the simulation of the Orion (Crew Exploration Vehicle) to the International Space Station (ISS) mission where Orion is launched by Ares into orbit on a 14-day mission to rendezvous with the ISS. Communications services for the mission are provided by the Space Communication and Navigation (SCaN) network infrastructure which includes the NASA Space Network (SN), Ground Network (GN) and NASA Integrated Services Network (NISN). The objectives of the simulation are to determine whether SCaN can meet the communications needs of the mission, to demonstrate the benefit of using QoS prioritization, and to evaluate network-key parameters of interest such as delay and throughout.

space based networking↗