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Materials Data on NiPO4 by Materials Project

NiPO4 crystallizes in the orthorhombic Pca2_1 space group. The structure is two-dimensional and consists of one NiPO4 sheet oriented in the (1, 0, 0) direction. there are two inequivalent Ni3+ sites. In the first Ni3+ site, Ni3+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form a mixture of distorted edge and corner-sharing NiO6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedral tilt angles are 76°. There are a spread of Ni–O bond distances ranging from 2.03–2.33 Å. In the second Ni3+ site, Ni3+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form a mixture of distorted edge and corner-sharing NiO6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedral tilt angles are 76°. There are a spread of Ni–O bond distances ranging from 2.02–2.32 Å. There are two inequivalent P5+ sites. In the first P5+ site, P5+ is bonded in a trigonal planar geometry to three O2- atoms. There is one shorter (1.46 Å) and two longer (1.51 Å) P–O bond length. In the second P5+ site, P5+ is bonded in a trigonal non-coplanar geometry to three O2- atoms. There is two shorter (1.55 Å) and one longer (1.58 Å) P–O bond length. There are eight inequivalent O2- sites. In the first O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to two Ni3+ and one P5+ atom. In the second O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to two Ni3+ and one P5+ atom. In the third O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted trigonal planar geometry to two Ni3+ and one P5+ atom. In the fourth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted trigonal planar geometry to two Ni3+ and one P5+ atom. In the fifth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted single-bond geometry to one Ni3+ atom. In the sixth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted single-bond geometry to one Ni3+ atom. In the seventh O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to two Ni3+ and one P5+ atom. In the eighth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one P5+ atom.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗

Materials Data on NiPO4 by Materials Project

NiPO4 crystallizes in the monoclinic P2_1/c space group. The structure is three-dimensional. Ni3+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form NiO4 tetrahedra that share corners with four equivalent PO4 tetrahedra. There is three shorter (1.85 Å) and one longer (1.86 Å) Ni–O bond length. P5+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form PO4 tetrahedra that share corners with four equivalent NiO4 tetrahedra. All P–O bond lengths are 1.55 Å. There are four inequivalent O2- sites. In the first O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted bent 120 degrees geometry to one Ni3+ and one P5+ atom. In the second O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted bent 150 degrees geometry to one Ni3+ and one P5+ atom. In the third O2- site, O2- is bonded in a bent 120 degrees geometry to one Ni3+ and one P5+ atom. In the fourth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a bent 120 degrees geometry to one Ni3+ and one P5+ atom.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗

Materials Data on NiPO4 by Materials Project

NiPO4 crystallizes in the monoclinic Cc space group. The structure is three-dimensional. there are eight inequivalent Ni3+ sites. In the first Ni3+ site, Ni3+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form NiO4 tetrahedra that share corners with four PO4 tetrahedra. There are a spread of Ni–O bond distances ranging from 1.84–1.86 Å. In the second Ni3+ site, Ni3+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form NiO4 tetrahedra that share corners with four PO4 tetrahedra. There is two shorter (1.84 Å) and two longer (1.85 Å) Ni–O bond length. In the third Ni3+ site, Ni3+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form NiO4 tetrahedra that share corners with four PO4 tetrahedra. There are a spread of Ni–O bond distances ranging from 1.84–1.86 Å. In the fourth Ni3+ site, Ni3+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form NiO4 tetrahedra that share corners with four PO4 tetrahedra. There are a spread of Ni–O bond distances ranging from 1.84–1.86 Å. In the fifth Ni3+ site, Ni3+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form NiO4 tetrahedra that share corners with four PO4 tetrahedra. There are a spread of Ni–O bond distances ranging from 1.84–1.86 Å. In the sixth Ni3+ site, Ni3+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form NiO4 tetrahedra that share corners with four PO4 tetrahedra. There are a spread of Ni–O bond distances ranging from 1.84–1.86 Å. In the seventh Ni3+ site, Ni3+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form NiO4 tetrahedra that share corners with four PO4 tetrahedra. There are a spread of Ni–O bond distances ranging from 1.84–1.86 Å. In the eighth Ni3+ site, Ni3+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form NiO4 tetrahedra that share corners with four PO4 tetrahedra. There are a spread of Ni–O bond distances ranging from 1.83–1.85 Å. There are eight inequivalent P5+ sites. In the first P5+ site, P5+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form PO4 tetrahedra that share corners with four NiO4 tetrahedra. There are a spread of P–O bond distances ranging from 1.54–1.56 Å. In the second P5+ site, P5+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form PO4 tetrahedra that share corners with four NiO4 tetrahedra. There is three shorter (1.55 Å) and one longer (1.56 Å) P–O bond length. In the third P5+ site, P5+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form PO4 tetrahedra that share corners with four NiO4 tetrahedra. There is three shorter (1.55 Å) and one longer (1.56 Å) P–O bond length. In the fourth P5+ site, P5+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form PO4 tetrahedra that share corners with four NiO4 tetrahedra. There is one shorter (1.55 Å) and three longer (1.56 Å) P–O bond length. In the fifth P5+ site, P5+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form PO4 tetrahedra that share corners with four NiO4 tetrahedra. There is three shorter (1.55 Å) and one longer (1.56 Å) P–O bond length. In the sixth P5+ site, P5+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form PO4 tetrahedra that share corners with four NiO4 tetrahedra. There is two shorter (1.55 Å) and two longer (1.56 Å) P–O bond length. In the seventh P5+ site, P5+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form PO4 tetrahedra that share corners with four NiO4 tetrahedra. There is three shorter (1.55 Å) and one longer (1.56 Å) P–O bond length. In the eighth P5+ site, P5+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form PO4 tetrahedra that share corners with four NiO4 tetrahedra. There is two shorter (1.55 Å) and two longer (1.56 Å) P–O bond length. There are thirty-two inequivalent O2- sites. In the first O2- site, O2- is bonded in a bent 120 degrees geometry to one Ni3+ and one P5+ atom. In the second O2- site, O2- is bonded in a bent 120 degrees geometry to one Ni3+ and one P5+ atom. In the third O2- site, O2- is bonded in a bent 150 degrees geometry to one Ni3+ and one P5+ atom. In the fourth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a bent 150 degrees geometry to one Ni3+ and one P5+ atom. In the fifth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a bent 120 degrees geometry to one Ni3+ and one P5+ atom. In the sixth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a bent 120 degrees geometry to one Ni3+ and one P5+ atom. In the seventh O2- site, O2- is bonded in a bent 150 degrees geometry to one Ni3+ and one P5+ atom. In the eighth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted bent 150 degrees geometry to one Ni3+ and one P5+ atom. In the ninth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a bent 120 degrees geometry to one Ni3+ and one P5+ atom. In the tenth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a bent 120 degrees geometry to one Ni3+ and one P5+ atom. In the eleventh O2- site, O2- is bonded in a bent 120 degrees geometry to one Ni3+ and one P5+ atom. In the twelfth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a bent 120 degrees geometry to one Ni3+ and one P5+ atom. In the thirteenth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a bent 120 degrees geometry to one Ni3+ and one P5+ atom. In the fourteenth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a bent 150 degrees geometry to one Ni3+ and one P5+ atom. In the fifteenth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a bent 120 degrees geometry to one Ni3+ and one P5+ atom. In the sixteenth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a bent 120 degrees geometry to one Ni3+ and one P5+ atom. In the seventeenth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a bent 120 degrees geometry to one Ni3+ and one P5+ atom. In the eighteenth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a bent 150 degrees geometry to one Ni3+ and one P5+ atom. In the nineteenth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a bent 120 degrees geometry to one Ni3+ and one P5+ atom. In the twentieth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted bent 120 degrees geometry to one Ni3+ and one P5+ atom. In the twenty-first O2- site, O2- is bonded in a bent 120 degrees geometry to one Ni3+ and one P5+ atom. In the twenty-second O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted bent 150 degrees geometry to one Ni3+ and one P5+ atom. In the twenty-third O2- site, O2- is bonded in a bent 120 degrees geometry to one Ni3+ and one P5+ atom. In the twenty-fourth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a bent 120 degrees geometry to one Ni3+ and one P5+ atom. In the twenty-fifth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a bent 120 degrees geometry to one Ni3+ and one P5+ atom. In the twenty-sixth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted bent 120 degrees geometry to one Ni3+ and one P5+ atom. In the twenty-seventh O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted bent 150 degrees geometry to one Ni3+ and one P5+ atom. In the twenty-eighth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a bent 120 degrees geometry to one Ni3+ and one P5+ atom. In the twenty-ninth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a bent 120 degrees geometry to one Ni3+ and one P5+ atom. In the thirtieth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a bent 120 degrees geometry to one Ni3+ and one P5+ atom. In the thirty-first O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted bent 120 degrees geometry to one Ni3+ and one P5+ atom. In the thirty-second O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted bent 120 degrees geometry to one Ni3+ and one P5+ atom.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗

Materials Data on NiPO4 by Materials Project

Computed materials data using density functional theory calculations. These calculations determine the electronic structure of bulk materials by solving approximations to the Schrodinger equation. For more information, see https://materialsproject.org/docs/calculations

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗

Materials Data on NiPO4 by Materials Project

Computed materials data using density functional theory calculations. These calculations determine the electronic structure of bulk materials by solving approximations to the Schrodinger equation. For more information, see https://materialsproject.org/docs/calculations

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗

Assessment of Microbiologically Influenced Corrosion Potential in the International Space Station Internal Active Thermal Control System Heat Exchanger Materials: A 6-Momths Study

The fluid in the Internal Active Thermal Control System (IATCS) of the International Space Station (ISS) is water based. The fluid in the ISS Laboratory Module and Node 1 initially contained a mix of water, phosphate (corrosion control), borate (pH buffer), and silver sulfate (Ag2SO4) (microbial control) at a pH of 9.5+/-0.5. Over time, the chemistry of the fluid changed. Fluid changes included a pH drop from 9.5 to 8.3 due to diffusion of carbon dioxide (CO2) through Teflon(reistered Trademark) (DuPont) hoses, increases in dissolved nickel (Ni) levels, deposition of silver (Ag) to metal surfaces, and precipitation of the phosphate (PO4) as nickel phosphate (NiPO4). The drop in pH and unavailability of a antimicrobial has provided an environment conducive to microbial growth. Microbial levels in the fluid have increased from >10 colony-forming units (CFUs)/100 ml to 10(exp 6) CFUs/100 ml. The heat exchangers in the IATCS loops are considered the weakest point in the loop because of the material thickness (=7 mil). It is made of a Ni-based braze filler/CRES 347. Results of a preliminary test performed at Hamilton Sundstrand indicated the possibility of pitting on this material at locations where Ag deposits were found. Later, tests have confirmed that chemical corrosion of the materials is a concern for this system. Accumulation of micro-organisms on surfaces (biofilm) can also result in material degradation and can amplify the damage caused by the chemical corrosion, known as microbiologically influenced corrosion (MIC). This paper will discuss the results of a 6-mo test performed to characterize and quantify the damage from microbial accumulation on the surface of the ISS/ATCS heat exchanger materials. The test was designed to quantify the damage to the materials under worst-case conditions with and without micro-organisms present at pH 8.3 and 9.5.

Roman, Monsi C.↗