Propane Dehydrogenation to Propylene and Propylene Adsorption on Ni and Ni-Sn Catalysts
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In situ and ex situ studies of anomalous eutectic formation in undercooled Ni–Sn alloys
Anomalous eutectic formation in undercooled Ni-Sn alloys was investigated by in situ X-ray diffraction and ex situ remelting and annealing experiments. Dynamic recrystallization and partial remelting of primary solids followed by repeated nucleation and growth of eutectic grains in the mushy zone were revealed by time-resolved X-ray diffraction. Ex situ experiments demonstrated that partial remelting of near-equilibrium solidified alloys of eutectic or near-eutectic composition can convert regular lamellar eutectic into anomalous eutectic, whereas high-temperature annealing of splat-quenched alloys of similar composition can convert eutectic or two-phase dendrites into anomalous eutectic. It is concluded that compared to ripening in solid-states, partial remelting of eutectic or two-phase dendrites in a mushy zone provides a more realistic mechanism for anomalous eutectic formation in undercooled solidification of Ni-Sn eutectic alloys. (C) 2020 Acta Materialia Inc. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Crystal growth↗
Materials Data on Ni3Sn by Materials Project
Ni3Sn crystallizes in the hexagonal P6_3/mmc space group. The structure is three-dimensional. Ni is bonded to eight equivalent Ni and four equivalent Sn atoms to form NiNi8Sn4 cuboctahedra that share corners with four equivalent SnNi12 cuboctahedra, corners with fourteen equivalent NiNi8Sn4 cuboctahedra, edges with six equivalent SnNi12 cuboctahedra, edges with twelve equivalent NiNi8Sn4 cuboctahedra, faces with four equivalent SnNi12 cuboctahedra, and faces with sixteen equivalent NiNi8Sn4 cuboctahedra. There are a spread of Ni–Ni bond distances ranging from 2.54–2.76 Å. All Ni–Sn bond lengths are 2.65 Å. Sn is bonded to twelve equivalent Ni atoms to form SnNi12 cuboctahedra that share corners with six equivalent SnNi12 cuboctahedra, corners with twelve equivalent NiNi8Sn4 cuboctahedra, edges with eighteen equivalent NiNi8Sn4 cuboctahedra, faces with eight equivalent SnNi12 cuboctahedra, and faces with twelve equivalent NiNi8Sn4 cuboctahedra.
36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
Materials Data on Ni3Sn by Materials Project
Ni3Sn is Uranium Silicide structured and crystallizes in the cubic Pm-3m space group. The structure is three-dimensional. Ni is bonded to eight equivalent Ni and four equivalent Sn atoms to form NiNi8Sn4 cuboctahedra that share corners with twelve equivalent NiNi8Sn4 cuboctahedra, edges with eight equivalent SnNi12 cuboctahedra, edges with sixteen equivalent NiNi8Sn4 cuboctahedra, faces with four equivalent SnNi12 cuboctahedra, and faces with fourteen equivalent NiNi8Sn4 cuboctahedra. All Ni–Ni bond lengths are 2.63 Å. All Ni–Sn bond lengths are 2.63 Å. Sn is bonded to twelve equivalent Ni atoms to form SnNi12 cuboctahedra that share corners with twelve equivalent SnNi12 cuboctahedra, edges with twenty-four equivalent NiNi8Sn4 cuboctahedra, faces with six equivalent SnNi12 cuboctahedra, and faces with twelve equivalent NiNi8Sn4 cuboctahedra.
36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
Materials Data on Ni3Sn by Materials Project
Ni3Sn is alpha bismuth trifluoride structured and crystallizes in the cubic Fm-3m space group. The structure is three-dimensional. there are two inequivalent Ni sites. In the first Ni site, Ni is bonded in a distorted body-centered cubic geometry to eight equivalent Ni and six equivalent Sn atoms. All Ni–Ni bond lengths are 2.56 Å. All Ni–Sn bond lengths are 2.96 Å. In the second Ni site, Ni is bonded in a distorted body-centered cubic geometry to four equivalent Ni and four equivalent Sn atoms. All Ni–Sn bond lengths are 2.56 Å. Sn is bonded in a distorted body-centered cubic geometry to fourteen Ni atoms.
36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
Materials Data on Ni3Sn4 by Materials Project
Ni3Sn4 crystallizes in the monoclinic C2/m space group. The structure is three-dimensional. there are two inequivalent Ni sites. In the first Ni site, Ni is bonded in a 6-coordinate geometry to two equivalent Ni and six Sn atoms. Both Ni–Ni bond lengths are 2.78 Å. There are two shorter (2.55 Å) and four longer (2.63 Å) Ni–Sn bond lengths. In the second Ni site, Ni is bonded in a 10-coordinate geometry to three Ni and seven Sn atoms. Both Ni–Ni bond lengths are 2.67 Å. There are a spread of Ni–Sn bond distances ranging from 2.67–2.77 Å. There are two inequivalent Sn sites. In the first Sn site, Sn is bonded in a 6-coordinate geometry to five Ni and one Sn atom. The Sn–Sn bond length is 2.97 Å. In the second Sn site, Sn is bonded in a 5-coordinate geometry to five Ni atoms.
36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
Materials Data on Ni3Sn2 by Materials Project
Ni3Sn2 crystallizes in the orthorhombic Pnma space group. The structure is three-dimensional. there are two inequivalent Ni sites. In the first Ni site, Ni is bonded in a 5-coordinate geometry to six equivalent Ni and five Sn atoms. There are four shorter (2.65 Å) and two longer (2.72 Å) Ni–Ni bond lengths. There are a spread of Ni–Sn bond distances ranging from 2.50–2.61 Å. In the second Ni site, Ni is bonded in a 11-coordinate geometry to five Ni and six Sn atoms. There are one shorter (2.56 Å) and one longer (2.66 Å) Ni–Ni bond lengths. There are a spread of Ni–Sn bond distances ranging from 2.61–2.91 Å. There are two inequivalent Sn sites. In the first Sn site, Sn is bonded in a 10-coordinate geometry to eight Ni and two equivalent Sn atoms. Both Sn–Sn bond lengths are 3.18 Å. In the second Sn site, Sn is bonded in a 9-coordinate geometry to nine Ni atoms.
36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
Materials Data on NiSn by Materials Project
NiSn crystallizes in the orthorhombic Pbam space group. The structure is three-dimensional. there are five inequivalent Ni sites. In the first Ni site, Ni is bonded in a 11-coordinate geometry to four Ni and seven Sn atoms. There are a spread of Ni–Ni bond distances ranging from 2.68–3.03 Å. There are a spread of Ni–Sn bond distances ranging from 2.62–2.86 Å. In the second Ni site, Ni is bonded in a 9-coordinate geometry to three Ni and six Sn atoms. There are two shorter (2.63 Å) and one longer (2.82 Å) Ni–Ni bond lengths. There are a spread of Ni–Sn bond distances ranging from 2.57–2.66 Å. In the third Ni site, Ni is bonded in a 10-coordinate geometry to three Ni and seven Sn atoms. There are a spread of Ni–Sn bond distances ranging from 2.65–2.84 Å. In the fourth Ni site, Ni is bonded in a 8-coordinate geometry to four Ni and six Sn atoms. Both Ni–Ni bond lengths are 2.61 Å. There are two shorter (2.54 Å) and four longer (2.62 Å) Ni–Sn bond lengths. In the fifth Ni site, Ni is bonded in a 10-coordinate geometry to four Ni and six Sn atoms. There are four shorter (2.65 Å) and two longer (2.68 Å) Ni–Sn bond lengths. There are four inequivalent Sn sites. In the first Sn site, Sn is bonded in a 7-coordinate geometry to seven Ni atoms. In the second Sn site, Sn is bonded in a 6-coordinate geometry to six Ni atoms. In the third Sn site, Sn is bonded in a 6-coordinate geometry to six Ni atoms. In the fourth Sn site, Sn is bonded in a 7-coordinate geometry to seven Ni atoms.
36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗