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6 records
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2022

Electrochemical recovery of Nd using liquid metals (Bi and Sn) in LiCl-KCl-NdCl 3

Highly efficient recovery of Nd into liquid metals of Bi and Sn was achieved in molten LiCl-KCl-NdCl 3 electrolyte at 773–973 K by leveraging the strong interactions of Nd with liquid metals. Based on the emf measurements of Nd-Sn and Nd-Bi alloys, the activity values of Nd were determined as low as 1.1–5.8×10 –13 in both liquid metals at 973 K while the solubility of Nd was found to be 1.46 mol% in Sn and 5.65 mol% in Bi. Both liquid metals demonstrated high round-trip coulombic efficiencies (>99.3%) during deposition-removal cycles of 10–50 mA cm –2 and high recovery capacity up to approximately 20 mol% Nd beyond the solubility limit. In addition, a high Nd recovery yield (84–90%) with respect to the applied charge was confirmed based on chemical analysis of electrolysis products in Bi after constant current electrolysis (–50 mA cm –2 ) at 873–973 K. Overpotentials during the Nd deposition process were attributed to charge-transfer and mass-transport resistances based on the current-potential curve and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The charge-transfer kinetics of Nd deposition into liquid metals was facile with high exchange current densities at ~220 mA cm –2 . Finally, the exceptionally high recovery efficiency for Nd in the molten chloride is thought to result from strong chemical interactions (i.e., low activity) of Nd in liquid metals that encourage one-step reduction, i.e., Nd 3+ + 3e → Nd(in Bi or Sn) by effectively suppressing side reaction pathways from multivalent states (Nd 2+ and Nd 3+ ).

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on NdSn2 by Materials Project

NdSn2 is Zirconium Disilicide-like structured and crystallizes in the orthorhombic Cmmm space group. The structure is three-dimensional. Nd is bonded in a 10-coordinate geometry to ten Sn atoms. There are a spread of Nd–Sn bond distances ranging from 3.26–3.59 Å. There are three inequivalent Sn sites. In the first Sn site, Sn is bonded in a distorted square co-planar geometry to four equivalent Nd and four equivalent Sn atoms. All Sn–Sn bond lengths are 3.23 Å. In the second Sn site, Sn is bonded in a distorted square co-planar geometry to four equivalent Nd and four equivalent Sn atoms. In the third Sn site, Sn is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to six equivalent Nd and two equivalent Sn atoms. Both Sn–Sn bond lengths are 3.09 Å.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on NdSn3 by Materials Project

NdSn3 is Uranium Silicide structured and crystallizes in the cubic Pm-3m space group. The structure is three-dimensional. Nd is bonded to twelve equivalent Sn atoms to form a mixture of corner and face-sharing NdSn12 cuboctahedra. All Nd–Sn bond lengths are 3.38 Å. Sn is bonded in a distorted square co-planar geometry to four equivalent Nd atoms.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on Nd5Sn3 by Materials Project

Nd5Sn3 crystallizes in the hexagonal P6_3/mcm space group. The structure is three-dimensional. there are two inequivalent Nd sites. In the first Nd site, Nd is bonded in a 6-coordinate geometry to six equivalent Sn atoms. All Nd–Sn bond lengths are 3.33 Å. In the second Nd site, Nd is bonded in a 5-coordinate geometry to five equivalent Sn atoms. There are a spread of Nd–Sn bond distances ranging from 3.21–3.72 Å. Sn is bonded in a 9-coordinate geometry to nine Nd atoms.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on Nd5Sn4 by Materials Project

Nd5Sn4 crystallizes in the orthorhombic Pnma space group. The structure is three-dimensional. there are three inequivalent Nd sites. In the first Nd site, Nd is bonded in a 6-coordinate geometry to six Sn atoms. There are a spread of Nd–Sn bond distances ranging from 3.14–3.37 Å. In the second Nd site, Nd is bonded in a 7-coordinate geometry to seven Sn atoms. There are a spread of Nd–Sn bond distances ranging from 3.27–3.83 Å. In the third Nd site, Nd is bonded to six Sn atoms to form corner-sharing NdSn6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 49–54°. There are a spread of Nd–Sn bond distances ranging from 3.21–3.39 Å. There are three inequivalent Sn sites. In the first Sn site, Sn is bonded in a 9-coordinate geometry to eight Nd and one Sn atom. The Sn–Sn bond length is 3.05 Å. In the second Sn site, Sn is bonded in a 8-coordinate geometry to eight Nd atoms. In the third Sn site, Sn is bonded in a 9-coordinate geometry to eight Nd and one Sn atom.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on Nd2Sn5 by Materials Project

Nd2Sn5 crystallizes in the orthorhombic Cmmm space group. The structure is three-dimensional. there are two inequivalent Nd sites. In the first Nd site, Nd is bonded to twelve Sn atoms to form a mixture of corner and face-sharing NdSn12 cuboctahedra. There are a spread of Nd–Sn bond distances ranging from 3.30–3.42 Å. In the second Nd site, Nd is bonded in a 10-coordinate geometry to ten Sn atoms. There are a spread of Nd–Sn bond distances ranging from 3.27–3.59 Å. There are six inequivalent Sn sites. In the first Sn site, Sn is bonded in a distorted rectangular see-saw-like geometry to four Nd and six Sn atoms. There are four shorter (3.30 Å) and two longer (3.32 Å) Sn–Sn bond lengths. In the second Sn site, Sn is bonded in a 8-coordinate geometry to six equivalent Nd and two equivalent Sn atoms. Both Sn–Sn bond lengths are 3.10 Å. In the third Sn site, Sn is bonded in a distorted square co-planar geometry to four equivalent Nd atoms. In the fourth Sn site, Sn is bonded in a distorted rectangular see-saw-like geometry to four equivalent Nd and four Sn atoms. Both Sn–Sn bond lengths are 3.33 Å. In the fifth Sn site, Sn is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to four Nd and six Sn atoms. In the sixth Sn site, Sn is bonded in a distorted square co-planar geometry to four equivalent Nd atoms.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗