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All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on NaPF6 by Materials Project

NaPF6 crystallizes in the cubic Fm-3m space group. The structure is three-dimensional. Na1+ is bonded to six equivalent F1- atoms to form NaF6 octahedra that share corners with six equivalent PF6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedral tilt angles are 0°. All Na–F bond lengths are 2.31 Å. P5+ is bonded to six equivalent F1- atoms to form PF6 octahedra that share corners with six equivalent NaF6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedral tilt angles are 0°. All P–F bond lengths are 1.64 Å. F1- is bonded in a linear geometry to one Na1+ and one P5+ atom.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2026

Mechanistic origin of solvent-dependent thermal stability in sodiated Sn anodes for sodium-ion batteries

Understanding the thermal stability of high-energy density alloy anodes is critical for the safe deployment of sodium-ion batteries (SIBs). Here, accelerating rate calorimetry (ARC), post-mortem characterizations, and density functional theory (DFT) calculations are combined to understand the thermal reactivity of fully sodiated Sn, Sn-hard carbon (HC) blends, and HC anodes in carbonate- and ether-based electrolytes. ARC measurements show that propylene carbonate (PC) causes earlier self-heating rate (SHR) onset and higher reactivity than tetraethylene glycol dimethyl ether (TEGDME), indicating inferior thermal stability. Sodiated Sn exhibits better thermal stability than sodiated HC, while Sn-HC blends show intermediate behavior that improves with increasing Sn content. Post-ARC analyses reveal desodiation of Na15Sn4 to metallic Sn with particle coalescence, whereas Sn-HC blends and HC retain finer morphologies. PC promotes Sn oxidation to SnO, while TEGDME suppresses oxide formation; NaPF6-containing electrolytes additionally form NaF. DFT calculations show that PC adsorption lowers Na extraction energy and enhances interfacial electronic interactions, facilitating Na release and reductive decomposition. These results establish a direct correlation between solvent-dependent reaction pathways and thermal stability in SIB alloy anodes.

Accelerating rate calorimetry↗