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Materials Data on NaO3 by Materials Project

NaO3 is Baddeleyite-like structured and crystallizes in the orthorhombic Imm2 space group. The structure is three-dimensional. Na is bonded in a 7-coordinate geometry to seven O atoms. There are a spread of Na–O bond distances ranging from 2.47–2.71 Å. There are two inequivalent O sites. In the first O site, O is bonded to three equivalent Na and one O atom to form a mixture of distorted edge and corner-sharing ONa3O tetrahedra. The O–O bond length is 1.37 Å. In the second O site, O is bonded in a trigonal planar geometry to one Na and two equivalent O atoms.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗

Materials Data on Na2V3(SeO)6 by Materials Project

(NaO3)2(VSe2)3 crystallizes in the monoclinic C2/m space group. The structure is two-dimensional and consists of one NaO3 sheet oriented in the (0, 0, 1) direction and one VSe2 sheet oriented in the (0, 0, 1) direction. In the NaO3 sheet, Na1+ is bonded in a distorted rectangular see-saw-like geometry to four equivalent O2- atoms. There are two shorter (2.24 Å) and two longer (2.26 Å) Na–O bond lengths. There are two inequivalent O2- sites. In the first O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to two equivalent Na1+ and one O2- atom. The O–O bond length is 1.35 Å. In the second O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted bent 120 degrees geometry to two equivalent O2- atoms. In the VSe2 sheet, there are two inequivalent V+4.67+ sites. In the first V+4.67+ site, V+4.67+ is bonded to six Se+0.67- atoms to form edge-sharing VSe6 octahedra. There are two shorter (2.55 Å) and four longer (2.58 Å) V–Se bond lengths. In the second V+4.67+ site, V+4.67+ is bonded to six Se+0.67- atoms to form edge-sharing VSe6 octahedra. There are four shorter (2.58 Å) and two longer (2.60 Å) V–Se bond lengths. There are two inequivalent Se+0.67- sites. In the first Se+0.67- site, Se+0.67- is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to three V+4.67+ atoms. In the second Se+0.67- site, Se+0.67- is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to three V+4.67+ atoms.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗

Materials Data on NaCo4(CO5)3 by Materials Project

NaO3Co4(CO4)3 crystallizes in the monoclinic P2_1 space group. The structure is three-dimensional and consists of one NaO3 ribbon oriented in the (0, 1, 0) direction and one Co4(CO4)3 framework. In the NaO3 ribbon, Na is bonded to six O atoms to form face-sharing NaO6 octahedra. There are a spread of Na–O bond distances ranging from 2.22–2.37 Å. There are three inequivalent O sites. In the first O site, O is bonded in an L-shaped geometry to two equivalent Na atoms. In the second O site, O is bonded in an L-shaped geometry to two equivalent Na atoms. In the third O site, O is bonded in an L-shaped geometry to two equivalent Na atoms. In the Co4(CO4)3 framework, there are four inequivalent Co sites. In the first Co site, Co is bonded to six O atoms to form edge-sharing CoO6 octahedra. There are a spread of Co–O bond distances ranging from 1.89–2.17 Å. In the second Co site, Co is bonded to six O atoms to form edge-sharing CoO6 octahedra. There are a spread of Co–O bond distances ranging from 1.90–2.16 Å. In the third Co site, Co is bonded to six O atoms to form edge-sharing CoO6 octahedra. There are a spread of Co–O bond distances ranging from 1.89–2.17 Å. In the fourth Co site, Co is bonded in a 6-coordinate geometry to six O atoms. There are a spread of Co–O bond distances ranging from 1.91–2.32 Å. There are three inequivalent C sites. In the first C site, C is bonded in a trigonal planar geometry to three O atoms. There are a spread of C–O bond distances ranging from 1.28–1.31 Å. In the second C site, C is bonded in a trigonal planar geometry to three O atoms. There is two shorter (1.28 Å) and one longer (1.31 Å) C–O bond length. In the third C site, C is bonded in a trigonal planar geometry to three O atoms. There are a spread of C–O bond distances ranging from 1.28–1.31 Å. There are twelve inequivalent O sites. In the first O site, O is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to two Co and one C atom. In the second O site, O is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to two Co and one C atom. In the third O site, O is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to two Co and one C atom. In the fourth O site, O is bonded in a 1-coordinate geometry to two equivalent Co and one C atom. In the fifth O site, O is bonded in a 1-coordinate geometry to two equivalent Co and one C atom. In the sixth O site, O is bonded in a 1-coordinate geometry to two equivalent Co and one C atom. In the seventh O site, O is bonded in a trigonal non-coplanar geometry to three Co atoms. In the eighth O site, O is bonded in a trigonal non-coplanar geometry to three Co atoms. In the ninth O site, O is bonded in a trigonal non-coplanar geometry to three Co atoms. In the tenth O site, O is bonded in a bent 120 degrees geometry to one Co and one C atom. In the eleventh O site, O is bonded in a bent 120 degrees geometry to one Co and one C atom. In the twelfth O site, O is bonded in a bent 120 degrees geometry to one Co and one C atom.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗

Fused-ring isomerism modulates molecular packing and device performance in non-halogenated organic solar cells

Subtle changes in molecular backbone geometry impact intermolecular interactions and performance of organic solar cells. Here, three isomeric small-molecule acceptors (NaO1, NaO2, and NaO3) are investigated to reveal how different fused-ring configurations control molecular packing, electronic coupling, and film formation. Structural and spectroscopic analyses show that the linearly fused NaO1 forms a compact three-dimensional packing network with large and balanced electronic couplings (>24 meV) across multiple directions, while the more curved analogues exhibit excessive crystallization and phase segregation. In-situ optical measurements demonstrate that NaO1 promotes fast and continuous structural evolution during film formation, resulting in smooth morphology and homogeneous phase distribution. These structural and dynamic advantages facilitate efficient charge generation and transport, accompanied by reduced non-radiative energy loss, ultimately achieving an efficiency of 20.07% for non-halogenated ternary devices. Our findings highlight how fused-ring isomerism decisively governs structure–packing–performance relationships in organic solar cells.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗