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Materials Data on NaClO3 by Materials Project

NaClO3 crystallizes in the cubic P2_13 space group. The structure is three-dimensional. Na is bonded to six equivalent O atoms to form corner-sharing NaO6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedral tilt angles are 63°. There are three shorter (2.46 Å) and three longer (2.54 Å) Na–O bond lengths. O is bonded in a trigonal planar geometry to two equivalent Na and one Cl atom. The O–Cl bond length is 1.51 Å. Cl is bonded in a trigonal non-coplanar geometry to three equivalent O atoms.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗

Materials Data on NaClO3 by Materials Project

NaClO3 crystallizes in the cubic P2_13 space group. The structure is three-dimensional. Na is bonded in a 6-coordinate geometry to six equivalent O atoms. There are three shorter (2.47 Å) and three longer (2.48 Å) Na–O bond lengths. O is bonded in a distorted T-shaped geometry to two equivalent Na and one Cl atom. The O–Cl bond length is 1.51 Å. Cl is bonded in a trigonal non-coplanar geometry to three equivalent O atoms.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗

Materials Data on NaClO3 by Materials Project

NaClO3 crystallizes in the monoclinic P2_1/c space group. The structure is three-dimensional. Na is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to five O and two equivalent Cl atoms. There are a spread of Na–O bond distances ranging from 2.25–3.01 Å. There are one shorter (2.95 Å) and one longer (3.27 Å) Na–Cl bond lengths. There are three inequivalent O sites. In the first O site, O is bonded in a 2-coordinate geometry to two equivalent Na and one O atom. The O–O bond length is 1.26 Å. In the second O site, O is bonded in a distorted bent 150 degrees geometry to one Na and one O atom. In the third O site, O is bonded in a trigonal planar geometry to two equivalent Na and one Cl atom. The O–Cl bond length is 1.64 Å. Cl is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to two equivalent Na and one O atom.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗

Materials Data on NaClO3 by Materials Project

NaClO3 crystallizes in the triclinic P1 space group. The structure is three-dimensional. there are four inequivalent Na sites. In the first Na site, Na is bonded in a 6-coordinate geometry to four O and two Cl atoms. There are a spread of Na–O bond distances ranging from 2.53–2.83 Å. There are one shorter (2.58 Å) and one longer (2.75 Å) Na–Cl bond lengths. In the second Na site, Na is bonded in a 8-coordinate geometry to four O and two Cl atoms. There are a spread of Na–O bond distances ranging from 2.53–2.86 Å. There are one shorter (2.57 Å) and one longer (2.73 Å) Na–Cl bond lengths. In the third Na site, Na is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to six O and three Cl atoms. There are a spread of Na–O bond distances ranging from 2.87–2.97 Å. There are a spread of Na–Cl bond distances ranging from 2.74–2.77 Å. In the fourth Na site, Na is bonded in a 8-coordinate geometry to five O and three Cl atoms. There are a spread of Na–O bond distances ranging from 2.51–2.83 Å. There are a spread of Na–Cl bond distances ranging from 2.55–3.26 Å. There are twelve inequivalent O sites. In the first O site, O is bonded in a 2-coordinate geometry to two Na and one O atom. The O–O bond length is 1.24 Å. In the second O site, O is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to two Na and one O atom. The O–O bond length is 1.24 Å. In the third O site, O is bonded in a distorted bent 120 degrees geometry to one Na and one O atom. The O–O bond length is 1.24 Å. In the fourth O site, O is bonded in an L-shaped geometry to one Na and one O atom. In the fifth O site, O is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to two Na and one O atom. The O–O bond length is 1.24 Å. In the sixth O site, O is bonded in a 2-coordinate geometry to two Na and one O atom. The O–O bond length is 1.24 Å. In the seventh O site, O is bonded in an L-shaped geometry to one Na and one O atom. The O–O bond length is 1.24 Å. In the eighth O site, O is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to two Na and one O atom. In the ninth O site, O is bonded in a 2-coordinate geometry to two Na and one O atom. In the tenth O site, O is bonded in a distorted bent 120 degrees geometry to one Na and one O atom. In the eleventh O site, O is bonded in an L-shaped geometry to one Na and one O atom. In the twelfth O site, O is bonded in a distorted bent 120 degrees geometry to two Na and one O atom. There are four inequivalent Cl sites. In the first Cl site, Cl is bonded in a distorted linear geometry to two Na atoms. In the second Cl site, Cl is bonded in a distorted linear geometry to two Na atoms. In the third Cl site, Cl is bonded in a distorted linear geometry to three Na atoms. In the fourth Cl site, Cl is bonded in a trigonal non-coplanar geometry to three Na atoms.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗

Materials Data on NaClO3 by Materials Project

NaClO3 crystallizes in the triclinic P1 space group. The structure is two-dimensional and consists of three hydrogen peroxide molecules and one Na2O3Cl2 sheet oriented in the (1, 1, 1) direction. In the Na2O3Cl2 sheet, there are four inequivalent Na sites. In the first Na site, Na is bonded in a rectangular see-saw-like geometry to one O and three Cl atoms. The Na–O bond length is 2.57 Å. There are a spread of Na–Cl bond distances ranging from 2.68–2.75 Å. In the second Na site, Na is bonded in a rectangular see-saw-like geometry to one O and three Cl atoms. The Na–O bond length is 2.58 Å. There are a spread of Na–Cl bond distances ranging from 2.68–2.74 Å. In the third Na site, Na is bonded in a trigonal planar geometry to three Cl atoms. There are two shorter (2.70 Å) and one longer (2.71 Å) Na–Cl bond lengths. In the fourth Na site, Na is bonded in a rectangular see-saw-like geometry to one O and three Cl atoms. The Na–O bond length is 2.58 Å. There are a spread of Na–Cl bond distances ranging from 2.67–2.73 Å. There are six inequivalent O sites. In the first O site, O is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one O atom. The O–O bond length is 1.23 Å. In the second O site, O is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one O atom. The O–O bond length is 1.23 Å. In the third O site, O is bonded in a bent 120 degrees geometry to one Na and one O atom. In the fourth O site, O is bonded in a bent 120 degrees geometry to one Na and one O atom. The O–O bond length is 1.23 Å. In the fifth O site, O is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one O atom. In the sixth O site, O is bonded in a bent 120 degrees geometry to one Na and one O atom. There are four inequivalent Cl sites. In the first Cl site, Cl is bonded in a distorted trigonal planar geometry to three Na atoms. In the second Cl site, Cl is bonded in a distorted trigonal planar geometry to three Na atoms. In the third Cl site, Cl is bonded in a distorted trigonal planar geometry to three Na atoms. In the fourth Cl site, Cl is bonded in a distorted T-shaped geometry to three Na atoms.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗

Materials Data on Na8Be3Si9(ClO12)2 by Materials Project

Na8Be3Si9(O12Cl)2 crystallizes in the triclinic P1 space group. The structure is three-dimensional. there are eight inequivalent Na1+ sites. In the first Na1+ site, Na1+ is bonded to three O2- and one Cl1- atom to form distorted NaClO3 tetrahedra that share corners with two NaClO3 tetrahedra, corners with two BeO4 tetrahedra, and corners with four SiO4 tetrahedra. There are a spread of Na–O bond distances ranging from 2.32–2.48 Å. The Na–Cl bond length is 2.84 Å. In the second Na1+ site, Na1+ is bonded to three O2- and one Cl1- atom to form NaClO3 tetrahedra that share corners with two NaClO3 tetrahedra, corners with two BeO4 tetrahedra, and corners with four SiO4 tetrahedra. There are a spread of Na–O bond distances ranging from 2.33–2.49 Å. The Na–Cl bond length is 2.84 Å. In the third Na1+ site, Na1+ is bonded to three O2- and one Cl1- atom to form distorted NaClO3 tetrahedra that share a cornercorner with one BeO4 tetrahedra, corners with two NaClO3 tetrahedra, and corners with five SiO4 tetrahedra. There are a spread of Na–O bond distances ranging from 2.32–2.56 Å. The Na–Cl bond length is 2.72 Å. In the fourth Na1+ site, Na1+ is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to three O2- and one Cl1- atom. There are a spread of Na–O bond distances ranging from 2.29–2.75 Å. The Na–Cl bond length is 2.73 Å. In the fifth Na1+ site, Na1+ is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to three O2- and one Cl1- atom. There are a spread of Na–O bond distances ranging from 2.29–2.71 Å. The Na–Cl bond length is 2.71 Å. In the sixth Na1+ site, Na1+ is bonded to three O2- and one Cl1- atom to form NaClO3 tetrahedra that share corners with two NaClO3 tetrahedra, corners with two BeO4 tetrahedra, and corners with four SiO4 tetrahedra. There are a spread of Na–O bond distances ranging from 2.34–2.55 Å. The Na–Cl bond length is 2.81 Å. In the seventh Na1+ site, Na1+ is bonded to three O2- and one Cl1- atom to form distorted NaClO3 tetrahedra that share corners with two NaClO3 tetrahedra, corners with two BeO4 tetrahedra, and corners with four SiO4 tetrahedra. There are a spread of Na–O bond distances ranging from 2.30–2.48 Å. The Na–Cl bond length is 2.82 Å. In the eighth Na1+ site, Na1+ is bonded to three O2- and one Cl1- atom to form distorted NaClO3 tetrahedra that share a cornercorner with one BeO4 tetrahedra, corners with two NaClO3 tetrahedra, and corners with five SiO4 tetrahedra. There are a spread of Na–O bond distances ranging from 2.27–2.65 Å. The Na–Cl bond length is 2.72 Å. There are three inequivalent Be2+ sites. In the first Be2+ site, Be2+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form BeO4 tetrahedra that share corners with four NaClO3 tetrahedra and corners with four SiO4 tetrahedra. There is two shorter (1.63 Å) and two longer (1.64 Å) Be–O bond length. In the second Be2+ site, Be2+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form BeO4 tetrahedra that share corners with three NaClO3 tetrahedra and corners with four SiO4 tetrahedra. There are a spread of Be–O bond distances ranging from 1.63–1.65 Å. In the third Be2+ site, Be2+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form BeO4 tetrahedra that share corners with three NaClO3 tetrahedra and corners with four SiO4 tetrahedra. There are a spread of Be–O bond distances ranging from 1.63–1.66 Å. There are nine inequivalent Si4+ sites. In the first Si4+ site, Si4+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form SiO4 tetrahedra that share a cornercorner with one BeO4 tetrahedra, corners with three SiO4 tetrahedra, and corners with four NaClO3 tetrahedra. There are a spread of Si–O bond distances ranging from 1.59–1.67 Å. In the second Si4+ site, Si4+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form SiO4 tetrahedra that share corners with two BeO4 tetrahedra, corners with two SiO4 tetrahedra, and corners with four NaClO3 tetrahedra. There are a spread of Si–O bond distances ranging from 1.60–1.68 Å. In the third Si4+ site, Si4+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form SiO4 tetrahedra that share a cornercorner with one BeO4 tetrahedra, corners with three NaClO3 tetrahedra, and corners with three SiO4 tetrahedra. There are a spread of Si–O bond distances ranging from 1.59–1.67 Å. In the fourth Si4+ site, Si4+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form SiO4 tetrahedra that share corners with two NaClO3 tetrahedra and corners with four SiO4 tetrahedra. There is two shorter (1.63 Å) and two longer (1.64 Å) Si–O bond length. In the fifth Si4+ site, Si4+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form SiO4 tetrahedra that share a cornercorner with one BeO4 tetrahedra, corners with two NaClO3 tetrahedra, and corners with three SiO4 tetrahedra. There are a spread of Si–O bond distances ranging from 1.59–1.67 Å. In the sixth Si4+ site, Si4+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form SiO4 tetrahedra that share a cornercorner with one BeO4 tetrahedra, corners with three NaClO3 tetrahedra, and corners with three SiO4 tetrahedra. There are a spread of Si–O bond distances ranging from 1.59–1.67 Å. In the seventh Si4+ site, Si4+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form SiO4 tetrahedra that share corners with two NaClO3 tetrahedra, corners with two BeO4 tetrahedra, and corners with two SiO4 tetrahedra. There are a spread of Si–O bond distances ranging from 1.59–1.69 Å. In the eighth Si4+ site, Si4+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form SiO4 tetrahedra that share corners with two BeO4 tetrahedra, corners with two SiO4 tetrahedra, and corners with three NaClO3 tetrahedra. There are a spread of Si–O bond distances ranging from 1.60–1.68 Å. In the ninth Si4+ site, Si4+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form SiO4 tetrahedra that share corners with two BeO4 tetrahedra, corners with two SiO4 tetrahedra, and corners with three NaClO3 tetrahedra. There are a spread of Si–O bond distances ranging from 1.59–1.69 Å. There are twenty-four inequivalent O2- sites. In the first O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted trigonal non-coplanar geometry to one Na1+, one Be2+, and one Si4+ atom. In the second O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to one Na1+ and two Si4+ atoms. In the third O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to one Na1+ and two Si4+ atoms. In the fourth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to one Na1+, one Be2+, and one Si4+ atom. In the fifth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to one Na1+ and two Si4+ atoms. In the sixth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 2-coordinate geometry to one Na1+, one Be2+, and one Si4+ atom. In the seventh O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 2-coordinate geometry to one Na1+ and two Si4+ atoms. In the eighth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted bent 150 degrees geometry to one Na1+ and two Si4+ atoms. In the ninth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to one Na1+ and two Si4+ atoms. In the tenth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted trigonal non-coplanar geometry to one Na1+, one Be2+, and one Si4+ atom. In the eleventh O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to one Na1+, one Be2+, and one Si4+ atom. In the twelfth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 2-coordinate geometry to one Na1+ and two Si4+ atoms. In the thirteenth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to one Na1+ and two Si4+ atoms. In the fourteenth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to one Na1+ and two Si4+ atoms. In the fifteenth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 2-coordinate geometry to one Na1+ and two Si4+ atoms. In the sixteenth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 2-coordinate geometry to one Na1+, one Be2+, and one Si4+ atom. In the seventeenth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to one Na1+, one Be2+, and one Si4+ atom. In the eighteenth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to one Na1+, one Be2+, and one Si4+ atom. In the nineteenth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to one Na1+ and two Si4+ atoms. In the twentieth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 2-coordinate geometry to one Na1+, one Be2+, and one Si4+ atom. In the twenty-first O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to one Na1+ and two Si4+ atoms. In the twenty-second O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to one Na1+, one Be2+, and one Si4+ atom. In the twenty-third O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 2-coordinate geometry to one Na1+, one Be2+, and one Si4+ atom. In the twenty-fourth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to one Na1+, one Be2+, and one Si4+ atom. There are two inequivalent Cl1- sites. In the first Cl1- site, Cl1- is bonded in a tetrahedral geometry to four Na1+ atoms. In the second Cl1- site, Cl1- is bonded in a tetrahedral geometry to four Na1+ atoms.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗

Materials Data on Na2Li2Al3Si3ClO12 by Materials Project

Na2Li2Al3Si3O12Cl crystallizes in the triclinic P1 space group. The structure is three-dimensional. there are four inequivalent Na1+ sites. In the first Na1+ site, Na1+ is bonded to three O2- and one Cl1- atom to form distorted NaClO3 tetrahedra that share a cornercorner with one NaClO3 tetrahedra, corners with two LiClO3 tetrahedra, corners with three AlO4 tetrahedra, and corners with three SiO4 tetrahedra. There are two shorter (2.34 Å) and one longer (2.36 Å) Na–O bond lengths. The Na–Cl bond length is 2.73 Å. In the second Na1+ site, Na1+ is bonded to three O2- and one Cl1- atom to form distorted NaClO3 tetrahedra that share a cornercorner with one NaClO3 tetrahedra, corners with two LiClO3 tetrahedra, corners with three AlO4 tetrahedra, and corners with three SiO4 tetrahedra. There are a spread of Na–O bond distances ranging from 2.33–2.36 Å. The Na–Cl bond length is 2.73 Å. In the third Na1+ site, Na1+ is bonded to three O2- and one Cl1- atom to form distorted NaClO3 tetrahedra that share a cornercorner with one NaClO3 tetrahedra, corners with two LiClO3 tetrahedra, corners with three AlO4 tetrahedra, and corners with three SiO4 tetrahedra. There are a spread of Na–O bond distances ranging from 2.33–2.36 Å. The Na–Cl bond length is 2.73 Å. In the fourth Na1+ site, Na1+ is bonded to three O2- and one Cl1- atom to form distorted NaClO3 tetrahedra that share a cornercorner with one NaClO3 tetrahedra, corners with two LiClO3 tetrahedra, corners with three AlO4 tetrahedra, and corners with three SiO4 tetrahedra. There are a spread of Na–O bond distances ranging from 2.33–2.36 Å. The Na–Cl bond length is 2.73 Å. There are four inequivalent Li1+ sites. In the first Li1+ site, Li1+ is bonded to three O2- and one Cl1- atom to form LiClO3 tetrahedra that share a cornercorner with one LiClO3 tetrahedra, corners with two NaClO3 tetrahedra, corners with three AlO4 tetrahedra, and corners with three SiO4 tetrahedra. There are one shorter (2.03 Å) and two longer (2.07 Å) Li–O bond lengths. The Li–Cl bond length is 2.65 Å. In the second Li1+ site, Li1+ is bonded to three O2- and one Cl1- atom to form LiClO3 tetrahedra that share a cornercorner with one LiClO3 tetrahedra, corners with two NaClO3 tetrahedra, corners with three AlO4 tetrahedra, and corners with three SiO4 tetrahedra. There are a spread of Li–O bond distances ranging from 2.03–2.08 Å. The Li–Cl bond length is 2.65 Å. In the third Li1+ site, Li1+ is bonded to three O2- and one Cl1- atom to form LiClO3 tetrahedra that share a cornercorner with one LiClO3 tetrahedra, corners with two NaClO3 tetrahedra, corners with three AlO4 tetrahedra, and corners with three SiO4 tetrahedra. There are a spread of Li–O bond distances ranging from 2.03–2.08 Å. The Li–Cl bond length is 2.65 Å. In the fourth Li1+ site, Li1+ is bonded to three O2- and one Cl1- atom to form LiClO3 tetrahedra that share a cornercorner with one LiClO3 tetrahedra, corners with two NaClO3 tetrahedra, corners with three AlO4 tetrahedra, and corners with three SiO4 tetrahedra. There are one shorter (2.03 Å) and two longer (2.07 Å) Li–O bond lengths. The Li–Cl bond length is 2.65 Å. There are six inequivalent Al3+ sites. In the first Al3+ site, Al3+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form AlO4 tetrahedra that share corners with two NaClO3 tetrahedra, corners with two LiClO3 tetrahedra, and corners with four SiO4 tetrahedra. There are a spread of Al–O bond distances ranging from 1.75–1.77 Å. In the second Al3+ site, Al3+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form AlO4 tetrahedra that share corners with two NaClO3 tetrahedra, corners with two LiClO3 tetrahedra, and corners with four SiO4 tetrahedra. There are a spread of Al–O bond distances ranging from 1.75–1.77 Å. In the third Al3+ site, Al3+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form AlO4 tetrahedra that share corners with four LiClO3 tetrahedra and corners with four SiO4 tetrahedra. All Al–O bond lengths are 1.77 Å. In the fourth Al3+ site, Al3+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form AlO4 tetrahedra that share corners with two NaClO3 tetrahedra, corners with two LiClO3 tetrahedra, and corners with four SiO4 tetrahedra. There are a spread of Al–O bond distances ranging from 1.75–1.77 Å. In the fifth Al3+ site, Al3+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form AlO4 tetrahedra that share corners with two NaClO3 tetrahedra, corners with two LiClO3 tetrahedra, and corners with four SiO4 tetrahedra. There are a spread of Al–O bond distances ranging from 1.75–1.77 Å. In the sixth Al3+ site, Al3+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form AlO4 tetrahedra that share corners with four NaClO3 tetrahedra and corners with four SiO4 tetrahedra. All Al–O bond lengths are 1.76 Å. There are six inequivalent Si4+ sites. In the first Si4+ site, Si4+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form SiO4 tetrahedra that share corners with two NaClO3 tetrahedra, corners with two LiClO3 tetrahedra, and corners with four AlO4 tetrahedra. There are a spread of Si–O bond distances ranging from 1.63–1.65 Å. In the second Si4+ site, Si4+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form SiO4 tetrahedra that share corners with two NaClO3 tetrahedra, corners with two LiClO3 tetrahedra, and corners with four AlO4 tetrahedra. There are a spread of Si–O bond distances ranging from 1.63–1.65 Å. In the third Si4+ site, Si4+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form SiO4 tetrahedra that share corners with four LiClO3 tetrahedra and corners with four AlO4 tetrahedra. All Si–O bond lengths are 1.65 Å. In the fourth Si4+ site, Si4+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form SiO4 tetrahedra that share corners with two NaClO3 tetrahedra, corners with two LiClO3 tetrahedra, and corners with four AlO4 tetrahedra. There are a spread of Si–O bond distances ranging from 1.63–1.65 Å. In the fifth Si4+ site, Si4+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form SiO4 tetrahedra that share corners with two NaClO3 tetrahedra, corners with two LiClO3 tetrahedra, and corners with four AlO4 tetrahedra. There are a spread of Si–O bond distances ranging from 1.63–1.65 Å. In the sixth Si4+ site, Si4+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form SiO4 tetrahedra that share corners with four NaClO3 tetrahedra and corners with four AlO4 tetrahedra. All Si–O bond lengths are 1.64 Å. There are twenty-four inequivalent O2- sites. In the first O2- site, O2- is bonded in a trigonal planar geometry to one Li1+, one Al3+, and one Si4+ atom. In the second O2- site, O2- is bonded in a trigonal planar geometry to one Li1+, one Al3+, and one Si4+ atom. In the third O2- site, O2- is bonded in a trigonal planar geometry to one Li1+, one Al3+, and one Si4+ atom. In the fourth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a trigonal planar geometry to one Li1+, one Al3+, and one Si4+ atom. In the fifth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a trigonal planar geometry to one Li1+, one Al3+, and one Si4+ atom. In the sixth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a trigonal planar geometry to one Li1+, one Al3+, and one Si4+ atom. In the seventh O2- site, O2- is bonded in a trigonal planar geometry to one Li1+, one Al3+, and one Si4+ atom. In the eighth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a trigonal planar geometry to one Li1+, one Al3+, and one Si4+ atom. In the ninth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a trigonal planar geometry to one Li1+, one Al3+, and one Si4+ atom. In the tenth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a trigonal planar geometry to one Li1+, one Al3+, and one Si4+ atom. In the eleventh O2- site, O2- is bonded in a trigonal planar geometry to one Li1+, one Al3+, and one Si4+ atom. In the twelfth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a trigonal planar geometry to one Li1+, one Al3+, and one Si4+ atom. In the thirteenth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted trigonal planar geometry to one Na1+, one Al3+, and one Si4+ atom. In the fourteenth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted trigonal planar geometry to one Na1+, one Al3+, and one Si4+ atom. In the fifteenth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted trigonal planar geometry to one Na1+, one Al3+, and one Si4+ atom. In the sixteenth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted trigonal planar geometry to one Na1+, one Al3+, and one Si4+ atom. In the seventeenth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted trigonal planar geometry to one Na1+, one Al3+, and one Si4+ atom. In the eighteenth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted trigonal planar geometry to one Na1+, one Al3+, and one Si4+ atom. In the nineteenth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted trigonal planar geometry to one Na1+, one Al3+, and one Si4+ atom. In the twentieth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted trigonal planar geometry to one Na1+, one Al3+, and one Si4+ atom. In the twenty-first O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted trigonal planar geometry to one Na1+, one Al3+, and one Si4+ atom. In the twenty-second O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted trigonal planar geometry to one Na1+, one Al3+, and one Si4+ atom. In the twenty-third O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted trigonal planar geometry to one Na1+, one Al3+, and one Si4+ atom. In the twenty-fourth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted trigonal planar geometry to one Na1+, one Al3+, and one Si4+ atom. There are two inequivalent Cl1- sites. In the first Cl1- site, Cl1- is bonded in a tetrahedral geometry to two Na1+ and two Li1+ atoms. In the second Cl1- site, Cl1- is bonded in a tetrahedral geometry to two Na1+ and two Li1+ atoms.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗

Materials Data on Na4BeAlSi4ClO12 by Materials Project

Na4BeAlSi4O12Cl crystallizes in the monoclinic Cc space group. The structure is three-dimensional. there are four inequivalent Na1+ sites. In the first Na1+ site, Na1+ is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to three O2- and one Cl1- atom. There are a spread of Na–O bond distances ranging from 2.36–2.48 Å. The Na–Cl bond length is 2.86 Å. In the second Na1+ site, Na1+ is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to four O2- and one Cl1- atom. There are a spread of Na–O bond distances ranging from 2.33–2.91 Å. The Na–Cl bond length is 2.87 Å. In the third Na1+ site, Na1+ is bonded to three O2- and one Cl1- atom to form distorted NaClO3 tetrahedra that share a cornercorner with one NaClO3 tetrahedra, a cornercorner with one BeO4 tetrahedra, a cornercorner with one AlO4 tetrahedra, and corners with four SiO4 tetrahedra. There are a spread of Na–O bond distances ranging from 2.35–2.57 Å. The Na–Cl bond length is 2.84 Å. In the fourth Na1+ site, Na1+ is bonded to three O2- and one Cl1- atom to form distorted NaClO3 tetrahedra that share a cornercorner with one NaClO3 tetrahedra, a cornercorner with one BeO4 tetrahedra, a cornercorner with one AlO4 tetrahedra, and corners with four SiO4 tetrahedra. There are a spread of Na–O bond distances ranging from 2.33–2.49 Å. The Na–Cl bond length is 2.85 Å. Be2+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form BeO4 tetrahedra that share corners with two NaClO3 tetrahedra and corners with four SiO4 tetrahedra. All Be–O bond lengths are 1.64 Å. Al3+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form AlO4 tetrahedra that share corners with two NaClO3 tetrahedra and corners with four SiO4 tetrahedra. All Al–O bond lengths are 1.75 Å. There are four inequivalent Si4+ sites. In the first Si4+ site, Si4+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form SiO4 tetrahedra that share a cornercorner with one NaClO3 tetrahedra, a cornercorner with one BeO4 tetrahedra, a cornercorner with one AlO4 tetrahedra, and corners with two SiO4 tetrahedra. There are a spread of Si–O bond distances ranging from 1.60–1.66 Å. In the second Si4+ site, Si4+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form SiO4 tetrahedra that share a cornercorner with one BeO4 tetrahedra, a cornercorner with one AlO4 tetrahedra, corners with two NaClO3 tetrahedra, and corners with two SiO4 tetrahedra. There are a spread of Si–O bond distances ranging from 1.60–1.66 Å. In the third Si4+ site, Si4+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form SiO4 tetrahedra that share a cornercorner with one BeO4 tetrahedra, a cornercorner with one AlO4 tetrahedra, corners with two SiO4 tetrahedra, and corners with three NaClO3 tetrahedra. There are a spread of Si–O bond distances ranging from 1.60–1.66 Å. In the fourth Si4+ site, Si4+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form SiO4 tetrahedra that share a cornercorner with one BeO4 tetrahedra, a cornercorner with one AlO4 tetrahedra, corners with two NaClO3 tetrahedra, and corners with two SiO4 tetrahedra. There are a spread of Si–O bond distances ranging from 1.60–1.66 Å. There are twelve inequivalent O2- sites. In the first O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to one Na1+ and two Si4+ atoms. In the second O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 2-coordinate geometry to one Na1+ and two Si4+ atoms. In the third O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 2-coordinate geometry to one Na1+, one Be2+, and one Si4+ atom. In the fourth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to one Na1+ and two Si4+ atoms. In the fifth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 2-coordinate geometry to two Na1+, one Be2+, and one Si4+ atom. In the sixth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 2-coordinate geometry to one Na1+, one Be2+, and one Si4+ atom. In the seventh O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to one Na1+, one Be2+, and one Si4+ atom. In the eighth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to one Na1+, one Al3+, and one Si4+ atom. In the ninth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to one Na1+, one Al3+, and one Si4+ atom. In the tenth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to one Na1+, one Al3+, and one Si4+ atom. In the eleventh O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 2-coordinate geometry to one Na1+ and two Si4+ atoms. In the twelfth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to one Na1+, one Al3+, and one Si4+ atom. Cl1- is bonded in a tetrahedral geometry to four Na1+ atoms.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗

Materials Data on Na8BeAl4Si7(ClO12)2 by Materials Project

Na8BeAl4Si7(O12Cl)2 crystallizes in the tetragonal P-4 space group. The structure is three-dimensional. there are two inequivalent Na1+ sites. In the first Na1+ site, Na1+ is bonded to three O2- and one Cl1- atom to form NaClO3 tetrahedra that share corners with two equivalent AlO4 tetrahedra, corners with three NaClO3 tetrahedra, and corners with four SiO4 tetrahedra. There are a spread of Na–O bond distances ranging from 2.41–2.55 Å. The Na–Cl bond length is 2.83 Å. In the second Na1+ site, Na1+ is bonded to three O2- and one Cl1- atom to form distorted NaClO3 tetrahedra that share a cornercorner with one BeO4 tetrahedra, corners with two equivalent AlO4 tetrahedra, corners with three NaClO3 tetrahedra, and corners with three SiO4 tetrahedra. There are a spread of Na–O bond distances ranging from 2.37–2.52 Å. The Na–Cl bond length is 2.99 Å. Be2+ is bonded to four equivalent O2- atoms to form BeO4 tetrahedra that share corners with four equivalent NaClO3 tetrahedra and corners with four equivalent SiO4 tetrahedra. All Be–O bond lengths are 1.64 Å. Al3+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form AlO4 tetrahedra that share corners with four NaClO3 tetrahedra and corners with four SiO4 tetrahedra. There are a spread of Al–O bond distances ranging from 1.74–1.76 Å. There are four inequivalent Si4+ sites. In the first Si4+ site, Si4+ is bonded to four equivalent O2- atoms to form SiO4 tetrahedra that share corners with four equivalent NaClO3 tetrahedra and corners with four equivalent SiO4 tetrahedra. All Si–O bond lengths are 1.63 Å. In the second Si4+ site, Si4+ is bonded to four equivalent O2- atoms to form SiO4 tetrahedra that share corners with four equivalent NaClO3 tetrahedra and corners with four equivalent AlO4 tetrahedra. All Si–O bond lengths are 1.63 Å. In the third Si4+ site, Si4+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form SiO4 tetrahedra that share a cornercorner with one BeO4 tetrahedra, a cornercorner with one SiO4 tetrahedra, corners with two equivalent AlO4 tetrahedra, and corners with four NaClO3 tetrahedra. There are a spread of Si–O bond distances ranging from 1.60–1.69 Å. In the fourth Si4+ site, Si4+ is bonded to four equivalent O2- atoms to form SiO4 tetrahedra that share corners with four equivalent NaClO3 tetrahedra and corners with four equivalent AlO4 tetrahedra. All Si–O bond lengths are 1.64 Å. There are six inequivalent O2- sites. In the first O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 2-coordinate geometry to one Na1+, one Be2+, and one Si4+ atom. In the second O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to one Na1+, one Al3+, and one Si4+ atom. In the third O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to one Na1+, one Al3+, and one Si4+ atom. In the fourth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to one Na1+, one Al3+, and one Si4+ atom. In the fifth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 2-coordinate geometry to one Na1+ and two Si4+ atoms. In the sixth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to one Na1+, one Al3+, and one Si4+ atom. Cl1- is bonded in a tetrahedral geometry to four Na1+ atoms.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗

Materials Data on Na4Al3Si3ClO12 by Materials Project

Na4Al3Si3O12Cl crystallizes in the monoclinic C2 space group. The structure is three-dimensional. there are two inequivalent Na1+ sites. In the first Na1+ site, Na1+ is bonded to three O2- and one Cl1- atom to form distorted NaClO3 tetrahedra that share a cornercorner with one NaClO3 tetrahedra, corners with three AlO4 tetrahedra, and corners with three SiO4 tetrahedra. There are a spread of Na–O bond distances ranging from 2.28–2.48 Å. The Na–Cl bond length is 2.78 Å. In the second Na1+ site, Na1+ is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to three O2- and one Cl1- atom. There are a spread of Na–O bond distances ranging from 2.30–2.49 Å. The Na–Cl bond length is 2.78 Å. There are two inequivalent Al3+ sites. In the first Al3+ site, Al3+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form AlO4 tetrahedra that share corners with two equivalent NaClO3 tetrahedra, corners with two equivalent AlO4 tetrahedra, and corners with two equivalent SiO4 tetrahedra. There is two shorter (1.73 Å) and two longer (1.77 Å) Al–O bond length. In the second Al3+ site, Al3+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form AlO4 tetrahedra that share a cornercorner with one AlO4 tetrahedra, corners with two equivalent NaClO3 tetrahedra, and corners with three SiO4 tetrahedra. There are a spread of Al–O bond distances ranging from 1.72–1.79 Å. There are two inequivalent Si4+ sites. In the first Si4+ site, Si4+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form SiO4 tetrahedra that share a cornercorner with one SiO4 tetrahedra, corners with two equivalent NaClO3 tetrahedra, and corners with three AlO4 tetrahedra. There are a spread of Si–O bond distances ranging from 1.62–1.68 Å. In the second Si4+ site, Si4+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form SiO4 tetrahedra that share corners with two equivalent NaClO3 tetrahedra, corners with two equivalent AlO4 tetrahedra, and corners with two equivalent SiO4 tetrahedra. There is two shorter (1.63 Å) and two longer (1.66 Å) Si–O bond length. There are six inequivalent O2- sites. In the first O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to one Na1+ and two Al3+ atoms. In the second O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to one Na1+, one Al3+, and one Si4+ atom. In the third O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to one Na1+ and two Si4+ atoms. In the fourth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 2-coordinate geometry to one Na1+, one Al3+, and one Si4+ atom. In the fifth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to one Na1+, one Al3+, and one Si4+ atom. In the sixth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted trigonal planar geometry to one Na1+, one Al3+, and one Si4+ atom. Cl1- is bonded in a tetrahedral geometry to four Na1+ atoms.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗

Materials Data on Na4Al3Si3ClO12 by Materials Project

Na4Al3Si3O12Cl crystallizes in the cubic P-43n space group. The structure is three-dimensional. Na1+ is bonded to three equivalent O2- and one Cl1- atom to form distorted NaClO3 tetrahedra that share corners with three equivalent NaClO3 tetrahedra, corners with three equivalent AlO4 tetrahedra, and corners with three equivalent SiO4 tetrahedra. All Na–O bond lengths are 2.37 Å. The Na–Cl bond length is 2.76 Å. Al3+ is bonded to four equivalent O2- atoms to form AlO4 tetrahedra that share corners with four equivalent NaClO3 tetrahedra and corners with four equivalent SiO4 tetrahedra. All Al–O bond lengths are 1.76 Å. Si4+ is bonded to four equivalent O2- atoms to form SiO4 tetrahedra that share corners with four equivalent NaClO3 tetrahedra and corners with four equivalent AlO4 tetrahedra. All Si–O bond lengths are 1.64 Å. O2- is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to one Na1+, one Al3+, and one Si4+ atom. Cl1- is bonded in a tetrahedral geometry to four equivalent Na1+ atoms.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗

Materials Data on Na4Ga3Si3ClO12 by Materials Project

Na4Ga3Si3O12Cl crystallizes in the cubic P-43n space group. The structure is three-dimensional. Na1+ is bonded to three equivalent O2- and one Cl1- atom to form NaClO3 tetrahedra that share corners with three equivalent NaClO3 tetrahedra, corners with three equivalent GaO4 tetrahedra, and corners with three equivalent SiO4 tetrahedra. All Na–O bond lengths are 2.34 Å. The Na–Cl bond length is 2.72 Å. Ga3+ is bonded to four equivalent O2- atoms to form GaO4 tetrahedra that share corners with four equivalent NaClO3 tetrahedra and corners with four equivalent SiO4 tetrahedra. All Ga–O bond lengths are 1.85 Å. Si4+ is bonded to four equivalent O2- atoms to form SiO4 tetrahedra that share corners with four equivalent NaClO3 tetrahedra and corners with four equivalent GaO4 tetrahedra. All Si–O bond lengths are 1.65 Å. O2- is bonded in a distorted trigonal planar geometry to one Na1+, one Ga3+, and one Si4+ atom. Cl1- is bonded in a tetrahedral geometry to four equivalent Na1+ atoms.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗

Materials Data on Na4Al3Ge3ClO12 by Materials Project

Na4Al3Ge3O12Cl crystallizes in the cubic P-43n space group. The structure is three-dimensional. Na1+ is bonded to three equivalent O2- and one Cl1- atom to form NaClO3 tetrahedra that share corners with three equivalent NaClO3 tetrahedra, corners with three equivalent AlO4 tetrahedra, and corners with three equivalent GeO4 tetrahedra. All Na–O bond lengths are 2.35 Å. The Na–Cl bond length is 2.74 Å. Al3+ is bonded to four equivalent O2- atoms to form AlO4 tetrahedra that share corners with four equivalent NaClO3 tetrahedra and corners with four equivalent GeO4 tetrahedra. All Al–O bond lengths are 1.77 Å. Ge4+ is bonded to four equivalent O2- atoms to form GeO4 tetrahedra that share corners with four equivalent NaClO3 tetrahedra and corners with four equivalent AlO4 tetrahedra. All Ge–O bond lengths are 1.77 Å. O2- is bonded in a trigonal planar geometry to one Na1+, one Al3+, and one Ge4+ atom. Cl1- is bonded in a tetrahedral geometry to four equivalent Na1+ atoms.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗

Materials Data on Na8Al6Si6IClO24 by Materials Project

Na8Al6Si6O24ICl crystallizes in the cubic P23 space group. The structure is three-dimensional. there are two inequivalent Na1+ sites. In the first Na1+ site, Na1+ is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to three equivalent O2- and one I1- atom. All Na–O bond lengths are 2.35 Å. The Na–I bond length is 3.02 Å. In the second Na1+ site, Na1+ is bonded to three equivalent O2- and one Cl1- atom to form distorted NaClO3 tetrahedra that share corners with three equivalent NaClO3 tetrahedra, corners with three equivalent AlO4 tetrahedra, and corners with three equivalent SiO4 tetrahedra. All Na–O bond lengths are 2.40 Å. The Na–Cl bond length is 2.90 Å. Al3+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form AlO4 tetrahedra that share corners with two equivalent NaClO3 tetrahedra and corners with four equivalent SiO4 tetrahedra. All Al–O bond lengths are 1.76 Å. Si4+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form SiO4 tetrahedra that share corners with two equivalent NaClO3 tetrahedra and corners with four equivalent AlO4 tetrahedra. All Si–O bond lengths are 1.64 Å. There are two inequivalent O2- sites. In the first O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to one Na1+, one Al3+, and one Si4+ atom. In the second O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to one Na1+, one Al3+, and one Si4+ atom. I1- is bonded in a tetrahedral geometry to four equivalent Na1+ atoms. Cl1- is bonded in a tetrahedral geometry to four equivalent Na1+ atoms.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗

Materials Data on Na16Al12Si12I3ClO48 by Materials Project

Na16Al12Si12O48I3Cl crystallizes in the orthorhombic P222 space group. The structure is three-dimensional. there are three inequivalent Na sites. In the first Na site, Na is bonded to three O and one I atom to form distorted NaIO3 tetrahedra that share corners with three NaIO3 tetrahedra, corners with three AlO4 tetrahedra, and corners with three SiO4 tetrahedra. All Na–O bond lengths are 2.37 Å. The Na–I bond length is 3.08 Å. In the second Na site, Na is bonded to three O and one I atom to form distorted NaIO3 tetrahedra that share corners with three NaIO3 tetrahedra, corners with three AlO4 tetrahedra, and corners with three SiO4 tetrahedra. All Na–O bond lengths are 2.37 Å. The Na–I bond length is 3.08 Å. In the third Na site, Na is bonded to three equivalent O and one Cl atom to form distorted NaClO3 tetrahedra that share corners with three equivalent NaClO3 tetrahedra, corners with three AlO4 tetrahedra, and corners with three SiO4 tetrahedra. All Na–O bond lengths are 2.40 Å. The Na–Cl bond length is 3.00 Å. There are three inequivalent Al sites. In the first Al site, Al is bonded to four O atoms to form AlO4 tetrahedra that share corners with four equivalent NaIO3 tetrahedra and corners with four SiO4 tetrahedra. There is two shorter (1.75 Å) and two longer (1.76 Å) Al–O bond length. In the second Al site, Al is bonded to four O atoms to form AlO4 tetrahedra that share corners with four NaIO3 tetrahedra and corners with four SiO4 tetrahedra. All Al–O bond lengths are 1.76 Å. In the third Al site, Al is bonded to four O atoms to form AlO4 tetrahedra that share corners with four NaIO3 tetrahedra and corners with four SiO4 tetrahedra. All Al–O bond lengths are 1.76 Å. There are three inequivalent Si sites. In the first Si site, Si is bonded to four O atoms to form SiO4 tetrahedra that share corners with four NaIO3 tetrahedra and corners with four AlO4 tetrahedra. All Si–O bond lengths are 1.64 Å. In the second Si site, Si is bonded to four O atoms to form SiO4 tetrahedra that share corners with four equivalent NaIO3 tetrahedra and corners with four AlO4 tetrahedra. All Si–O bond lengths are 1.64 Å. In the third Si site, Si is bonded to four O atoms to form SiO4 tetrahedra that share corners with four NaClO3 tetrahedra and corners with four AlO4 tetrahedra. All Si–O bond lengths are 1.64 Å. There are five inequivalent O sites. In the first O site, O is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to one Na, one Al, and one Si atom. In the second O site, O is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to one Na, one Al, and one Si atom. In the third O site, O is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to one Na, one Al, and one Si atom. In the fourth O site, O is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to one Na, one Al, and one Si atom. In the fifth O site, O is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to one Na, one Al, and one Si atom. The O–Al bond length is 1.76 Å. The O–Si bond length is 1.64 Å. I is bonded in a tetrahedral geometry to four Na atoms. Cl is bonded in a tetrahedral geometry to four equivalent Na atoms.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗

Materials Data on Na4Al6ClO12 by Materials Project

Na4Al6O12Cl crystallizes in the cubic I-43m space group. The structure is three-dimensional. Na is bonded to three equivalent O and one Cl atom to form NaClO3 tetrahedra that share corners with three equivalent NaClO3 tetrahedra and corners with six equivalent AlO4 tetrahedra. All Na–O bond lengths are 2.43 Å. The Na–Cl bond length is 2.80 Å. Al is bonded to four equivalent O atoms to form AlO4 tetrahedra that share corners with four equivalent NaClO3 tetrahedra and corners with four equivalent AlO4 tetrahedra. All Al–O bond lengths are 1.76 Å. O is bonded in a distorted trigonal planar geometry to one Na and two equivalent Al atoms. Cl is bonded in a tetrahedral geometry to four equivalent Na atoms.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗

Materials Data on NaHgCl3O2 by Materials Project

NaHgO2Cl3 crystallizes in the orthorhombic Pnma space group. The structure is one-dimensional and consists of four NaHgO2Cl3 ribbons oriented in the (1, 0, 0) direction. Na is bonded to three O and one Cl atom to form distorted corner-sharing NaClO3 tetrahedra. There are two shorter (2.32 Å) and one longer (2.36 Å) Na–O bond lengths. The Na–Cl bond length is 2.90 Å. Hg is bonded in a linear geometry to two Cl atoms. There are one shorter (2.35 Å) and one longer (2.37 Å) Hg–Cl bond lengths. There are two inequivalent O sites. In the first O site, O is bonded in a trigonal planar geometry to two equivalent Na and one Cl atom. The O–Cl bond length is 1.64 Å. In the second O site, O is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one Na atom. There are three inequivalent Cl sites. In the first Cl site, Cl is bonded in a water-like geometry to one Na and one Hg atom. In the second Cl site, Cl is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one O atom. In the third Cl site, Cl is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one Hg atom.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗

Nucleation and chiral symmetry breaking under controlled hydrodynamic flows

The effects of hydrodynamic convection on nucleation and broken chiral symmetry have been investigated for a simple inorganic molecule, sodium chlorate (NaClO3). Our experiment suggests that the symmetry breaking is a result of hydrodynamic amplification of rare nucleation events. The effect is more pronounced when the primary nucleation occurs on the solute-vapor interface, where mixing in the surface sublayer becomes important. The transition from the achiral to the chiral states appears to be smooth as the hydrodynamic parameters, such as flow rate, are varied.

Wu, Xiao-Lun↗