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Materials Data on Na2O2 by Materials Project

Na2O2 is alpha boron-derived structured and crystallizes in the hexagonal P-62m space group. The structure is three-dimensional. there are two inequivalent Na sites. In the first Na site, Na is bonded in a 6-coordinate geometry to six O atoms. There are four shorter (2.34 Å) and two longer (2.40 Å) Na–O bond lengths. In the second Na site, Na is bonded in a 6-coordinate geometry to six O atoms. There are two shorter (2.42 Å) and four longer (2.49 Å) Na–O bond lengths. There are two inequivalent O sites. In the first O site, O is bonded in a 7-coordinate geometry to six Na and one O atom. The O–O bond length is 1.54 Å. In the second O site, O is bonded to six Na and one O atom to form a mixture of distorted corner, edge, and face-sharing ONa6O pentagonal bipyramids. The O–O bond length is 1.55 Å.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗

Materials Data on Na2O2 by Materials Project

Na2O2 is alpha-derived structured and crystallizes in the orthorhombic Cmcm space group. The structure is three-dimensional. Na is bonded in a 7-coordinate geometry to seven equivalent O atoms. There are five shorter (2.44 Å) and two longer (2.51 Å) Na–O bond lengths. O is bonded to seven equivalent Na atoms to form a mixture of distorted corner, edge, and face-sharing ONa7 pentagonal bipyramids.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗

Materials Data on Na2O2 by Materials Project

Na2O2 is Tungsten Carbide-like structured and crystallizes in the orthorhombic Pbcm space group. The structure is three-dimensional. Na is bonded to six equivalent O atoms to form a mixture of distorted edge, corner, and face-sharing NaO6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 31–52°. There are a spread of Na–O bond distances ranging from 2.40–2.43 Å. O is bonded to six equivalent Na atoms to form a mixture of distorted edge and corner-sharing ONa6 pentagonal pyramids.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗

Electroactive materials for rechargeable batteries

A secondary battery including a cathode having a primary cathode active material and an alkaline source material selected from the group consisting of Na2O, Na2O2, Na2S, NaF, NaCl, NaBr, Li2O, Li2O2, Li2S, LiF, LiCl, LiBr, Na2O, Na2O2, Na2S, NaF, NaCl, and a mixture of any two or more thereof; an anode having an anode active material; an electrolyte; and a separator.

Amine, Khalil↗

Materials Data on Na6Zn3B9P6H3O38 by Materials Project

Na2O2(Na5Zn3B9P6H3O37)2 crystallizes in the hexagonal P6_3 space group. The structure is three-dimensional and consists of two sodium hydroxide molecules and one Na5Zn3B9P6H3O37 framework. In the Na5Zn3B9P6H3O37 framework, there are three inequivalent Na sites. In the first Na site, Na is bonded in a 6-coordinate geometry to six O atoms. There are a spread of Na–O bond distances ranging from 2.40–2.60 Å. In the second Na site, Na is bonded in a 7-coordinate geometry to seven O atoms. There are a spread of Na–O bond distances ranging from 2.36–2.74 Å. In the third Na site, Na is bonded in a 6-coordinate geometry to six O atoms. There are three shorter (2.35 Å) and three longer (2.83 Å) Na–O bond lengths. Zn is bonded to six O atoms to form ZnO6 octahedra that share corners with two BO4 tetrahedra and corners with four PO4 tetrahedra. There are a spread of Zn–O bond distances ranging from 2.04–2.34 Å. There are three inequivalent B sites. In the first B site, B is bonded to four O atoms to form BO4 tetrahedra that share a cornercorner with one ZnO6 octahedra, a cornercorner with one BO4 tetrahedra, and corners with two PO4 tetrahedra. The corner-sharing octahedral tilt angles are 63°. There are a spread of B–O bond distances ranging from 1.44–1.52 Å. In the second B site, B is bonded in a trigonal planar geometry to three O atoms. There is two shorter (1.38 Å) and one longer (1.39 Å) B–O bond length. In the third B site, B is bonded to four O atoms to form BO4 tetrahedra that share a cornercorner with one ZnO6 octahedra, a cornercorner with one BO4 tetrahedra, and corners with two PO4 tetrahedra. The corner-sharing octahedral tilt angles are 61°. There are a spread of B–O bond distances ranging from 1.44–1.50 Å. There are two inequivalent P sites. In the first P site, P is bonded to four O atoms to form PO4 tetrahedra that share corners with two equivalent ZnO6 octahedra and corners with two BO4 tetrahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 52–53°. There are a spread of P–O bond distances ranging from 1.53–1.58 Å. In the second P site, P is bonded to four O atoms to form PO4 tetrahedra that share corners with two equivalent ZnO6 octahedra and corners with two BO4 tetrahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 50–54°. There are a spread of P–O bond distances ranging from 1.52–1.58 Å. H is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one O atom. The H–O bond length is 0.99 Å. There are thirteen inequivalent O sites. In the first O site, O is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one Na atom. In the second O site, O is bonded in a bent 120 degrees geometry to one B and one P atom. In the third O site, O is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to two Na, one Zn, and one P atom. In the fourth O site, O is bonded in a distorted trigonal planar geometry to one Zn and two B atoms. In the fifth O site, O is bonded in a distorted trigonal planar geometry to one Zn and two B atoms. In the sixth O site, O is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to one Na, one Zn, and one P atom. In the seventh O site, O is bonded in a 2-coordinate geometry to one Na, one B, and one P atom. In the eighth O site, O is bonded in a 2-coordinate geometry to one Na, one B, and one P atom. In the ninth O site, O is bonded in a distorted trigonal planar geometry to one Na and two B atoms. In the tenth O site, O is bonded in a distorted trigonal planar geometry to one Na, one Zn, and one P atom. In the eleventh O site, O is bonded in a distorted water-like geometry to two Na, one B, and one H atom. In the twelfth O site, O is bonded in a distorted trigonal non-coplanar geometry to one Na, one Zn, and one P atom. In the thirteenth O site, O is bonded in a bent 120 degrees geometry to one B and one P atom.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗

Copper peroxide

A number of oxidizing agents, including chlorine, bromine, ozone and other peroxides, were allowed to act on copper solutions with the intention of forming copper peroxide. The only successful agent appears to be hydrogen peroxide. It must be used in a neutral 50 to 30 percent solution at a temperature near zero. Other methods described in the literature apparently do not work. The excess of hydrogen must be quickly sucked out of the brown precipitate, which it is best to wash with alcohol and ether. The product, crystalline under a microscope, can be analyzed only approximately. It approaches the formula CuO2H2O. In alkaline solution it appears to act catalytically in causing the decomposition of other peroxides, so that Na2O2 cannot be used to prepare it. On the addition of acids the H2O2 is regenerated. The dry substance decomposes much more slowly than the moist but is not very stable.

Moser, L.↗

From Sodium–Oxygen to Sodium–Air Battery: Enabled by Sodium Peroxide Dihydrate

Metal-air batteries have attracted extensive research interests due to their high theoretical energy density. However, most of the previous studies were limited by applying pure oxygen in the cathode, sacrificing the gravimetric and volumetric energy density. Here, we develop a real sodium-"air" battery, in which the rechargeability of the battery relies on the reversible reaction of the formation of sodium peroxide dihydrate (Na 2 O 2 ∙ 2H 2 O). After an oxygen evolution reaction catalyst is applied, the charge overpotential is largely reduced to achieve a high energy efficiency. The sodium-air batteries deliver high areal capacity of 4.2 mAh.cm -2 and have a decent cycle life of 100 cycles. The oxygen crossover effect is largely suppressed by replacing the oxygen with air, whereas the dense solid electrolyte interphase formed on the sodium anode further prolongs the cycle life.

25 ENERGY STORAGE↗