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11 records
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on Na(NO2)2 by Materials Project

NaO4N2 crystallizes in the monoclinic C2/m space group. The structure is two-dimensional and consists of two nitrogen molecules and one NaO4 sheet oriented in the (0, 0, 1) direction. In the NaO4 sheet, Na is bonded to eight equivalent O atoms to form edge-sharing NaO8 hexagonal bipyramids. There are four shorter (2.45 Å) and four longer (2.78 Å) Na–O bond lengths. O is bonded in a distorted trigonal planar geometry to two equivalent Na and one O atom. The O–O bond length is 1.29 Å.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on Na3Co(NO2)6 by Materials Project

Na3Co(NO2)6 crystallizes in the trigonal R-3 space group. The structure is three-dimensional and consists of three cobalt molecules and one Na(NO2)2 framework. In the Na(NO2)2 framework, there are two inequivalent Na1+ sites. In the first Na1+ site, Na1+ is bonded to twelve O2- atoms to form a mixture of corner and face-sharing NaO12 cuboctahedra. The corner-sharing octahedral tilt angles are 48°. There are six shorter (2.71 Å) and six longer (2.92 Å) Na–O bond lengths. In the second Na1+ site, Na1+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form a mixture of corner and face-sharing NaO6 octahedra. There are three shorter (2.35 Å) and three longer (2.37 Å) Na–O bond lengths. N3+ is bonded in a bent 120 degrees geometry to two O2- atoms. There is one shorter (1.24 Å) and one longer (1.25 Å) N–O bond length. There are two inequivalent O2- sites. In the first O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 2-coordinate geometry to two Na1+ and one N3+ atom. In the second O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to two Na1+ and one N3+ atom.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on Na2Pd(NO2)4 by Materials Project

(Na(NO2)2)2Pd crystallizes in the orthorhombic Pna2_1 space group. The structure is three-dimensional and consists of four palladium molecules and one Na(NO2)2 framework. In the Na(NO2)2 framework, there are two inequivalent Na1+ sites. In the first Na1+ site, Na1+ is bonded in a 7-coordinate geometry to seven O2- atoms. There are a spread of Na–O bond distances ranging from 2.42–2.79 Å. In the second Na1+ site, Na1+ is bonded in a 8-coordinate geometry to eight O2- atoms. There are a spread of Na–O bond distances ranging from 2.44–3.01 Å. There are four inequivalent N3+ sites. In the first N3+ site, N3+ is bonded in a distorted bent 120 degrees geometry to two O2- atoms. Both N–O bond lengths are 1.25 Å. In the second N3+ site, N3+ is bonded in a distorted bent 120 degrees geometry to two O2- atoms. Both N–O bond lengths are 1.25 Å. In the third N3+ site, N3+ is bonded in a bent 120 degrees geometry to two O2- atoms. There is one shorter (1.25 Å) and one longer (1.26 Å) N–O bond length. In the fourth N3+ site, N3+ is bonded in a bent 120 degrees geometry to two O2- atoms. There is one shorter (1.25 Å) and one longer (1.26 Å) N–O bond length. There are eight inequivalent O2- sites. In the first O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted trigonal planar geometry to two equivalent Na1+ and one N3+ atom. In the second O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 2-coordinate geometry to two Na1+ and one N3+ atom. In the third O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted trigonal planar geometry to two equivalent Na1+ and one N3+ atom. In the fourth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to two Na1+ and one N3+ atom. In the fifth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 1-coordinate geometry to two Na1+ and one N3+ atom. In the sixth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 2-coordinate geometry to two Na1+ and one N3+ atom. In the seventh O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted trigonal planar geometry to two Na1+ and one N3+ atom. In the eighth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 2-coordinate geometry to one Na1+ and one N3+ atom.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on Na3Rh(NO2)6 by Materials Project

(Na(NO2)2)3Rh crystallizes in the trigonal R-3m space group. The structure is three-dimensional and consists of three rhodium molecules and one Na(NO2)2 framework. In the Na(NO2)2 framework, there are two inequivalent Na1+ sites. In the first Na1+ site, Na1+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form a mixture of corner and face-sharing NaO6 octahedra. There are three shorter (2.36 Å) and three longer (2.41 Å) Na–O bond lengths. In the second Na1+ site, Na1+ is bonded to twelve O2- atoms to form a mixture of corner and face-sharing NaO12 cuboctahedra. The corner-sharing octahedral tilt angles are 45°. There are six shorter (2.66 Å) and six longer (2.95 Å) Na–O bond lengths. N3+ is bonded in a bent 120 degrees geometry to two O2- atoms. There is one shorter (1.24 Å) and one longer (1.25 Å) N–O bond length. There are two inequivalent O2- sites. In the first O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to two Na1+ and one N3+ atom. In the second O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 2-coordinate geometry to two Na1+ and one N3+ atom.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on Na3Ir(NO2)6 by Materials Project

Ir(Na(NO2)2)3 crystallizes in the trigonal R-3m space group. The structure is three-dimensional and consists of three iridium molecules and one Na(NO2)2 framework. In the Na(NO2)2 framework, there are two inequivalent Na1+ sites. In the first Na1+ site, Na1+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form a mixture of corner and face-sharing NaO6 octahedra. There are three shorter (2.36 Å) and three longer (2.40 Å) Na–O bond lengths. In the second Na1+ site, Na1+ is bonded to twelve O2- atoms to form a mixture of corner and face-sharing NaO12 cuboctahedra. The corner-sharing octahedral tilt angles are 45°. There are six shorter (2.66 Å) and six longer (2.95 Å) Na–O bond lengths. N3+ is bonded in a bent 120 degrees geometry to two O2- atoms. Both N–O bond lengths are 1.25 Å. There are two inequivalent O2- sites. In the first O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to two Na1+ and one N3+ atom. In the second O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 2-coordinate geometry to two Na1+ and one N3+ atom.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on NaH8Rh(N2O3)4 by Materials Project

Na(NO2)6Rh(NH4)2 is Heusler structured and crystallizes in the cubic Fm-3 space group. The structure is zero-dimensional and consists of eight ammonium molecules, four rhodium molecules, and four Na(NO2)6 clusters. In each Na(NO2)6 cluster, Na1+ is bonded in a cuboctahedral geometry to twelve equivalent O2- atoms. All Na–O bond lengths are 2.92 Å. N+1.50+ is bonded in a bent 120 degrees geometry to two equivalent O2- atoms. Both N–O bond lengths are 1.25 Å. O2- is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one Na1+ and one N+1.50+ atom.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
NASA NTRS1994

Ammonia on the prebiotic Earth: Iron(II) reduction of nitrite

Theories for the origin of life require the availability of reduced nitrogen. In the non-reducing atmosphere suggested by geochemical evidence, production in the atmosphere and survival of NH3 against photochemical destruction are problematic. Electric discharges and impact shocks would produce NO rather than HCN or NH3. Conversion of NO to nitrous and nitric acid (by way of HNO) and precipitation in acid rain would provide a source of fixed nitrogen to the early ocean. One solution to the NH3 problem may have been the reduction of nitrite/nitrate in the ocean with aqueous ferrous iron, Fe(2+): 6Fe(+2) + 7 H2O + NO2(-) yields 3Fe2O3 + 11 H(+) + NH3. We have measured the kinetics of this reaction as a function of temperature, pH, and concentrations of salts, Fe(+2), and NO2(-). Cations (Na(+), Mg(2+), K(+)) and anions (Cl(-), Br(-), SO4(2-)) increase the rate by factors of 4 to 8. Although a competing pathway yields N2, the efficiency of the conversion of nitrite to ammonia ranges from 25% to 85%. Nitrate reduction was not consistently reproducible; however, when it was observed, its rate was slower by at least 8X than that of nitrite reduction. If the prebiotic atmosphere contained 0.2 to 10 atmospheres CO2 as suggested by Walker (1985), the Fe(+2) concentration and the rate would have been limited by siderite (FeCO3) solubility.

Summers, David P.↗
NASA NTRS1988

Particulate emissions from a mid-latitude prescribed chaparral fire

Particulate emission from a 400-acre prescribed chaparral fire in the San Dimas Experimental Forest was investigated by collecting smoke aerosol on Teflon and glass-fiber filters from a helicopter, and using SEM and EDAX to study the features of the particles. Aerosol particles ranged in size from about 0.1 to 100 microns, with carbon, oxygen, magnesium, aluminum, silicon, calcium, and iron as the primary elements. The results of ion chromatographic analysis of aerosol-particle extracts (in water-methanol) revealed the presence of significant levels of NO2(-), NO3(-), SO4(2-), Cl(-), PO4(3-), C2O4(2-), Na(+), NH4(+), and K(+). The soluble ionic portion of the aerosol was estimated to be about 2 percent by weight.

Cofer, Wesley R., III↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on NaAg(NO2)2 by Materials Project

NaAg(NO2)2 crystallizes in the orthorhombic F222 space group. The structure is three-dimensional. there are two inequivalent Na1+ sites. In the first Na1+ site, Na1+ is bonded in a square co-planar geometry to four equivalent O2- atoms. All Na–O bond lengths are 2.45 Å. In the second Na1+ site, Na1+ is bonded in a 8-coordinate geometry to eight O2- atoms. There are four shorter (2.54 Å) and four longer (2.76 Å) Na–O bond lengths. There are two inequivalent Ag1+ sites. In the first Ag1+ site, Ag1+ is bonded in a distorted body-centered cubic geometry to eight O2- atoms. There are four shorter (2.45 Å) and four longer (3.06 Å) Ag–O bond lengths. In the second Ag1+ site, Ag1+ is bonded in a distorted linear geometry to two equivalent N3+ and four equivalent O2- atoms. Both Ag–N bond lengths are 2.17 Å. All Ag–O bond lengths are 2.99 Å. There are two inequivalent N3+ sites. In the first N3+ site, N3+ is bonded in a bent 120 degrees geometry to two equivalent O2- atoms. Both N–O bond lengths are 1.27 Å. In the second N3+ site, N3+ is bonded in a trigonal planar geometry to one Ag1+ and two equivalent O2- atoms. Both N–O bond lengths are 1.26 Å. There are two inequivalent O2- sites. In the first O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 2-coordinate geometry to two Na1+, one Ag1+, and one N3+ atom. In the second O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to one Na1+, two Ag1+, and one N3+ atom.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on NaAg(NO2)2 by Materials Project

NaAg(NO2)2 crystallizes in the orthorhombic Fdd2 space group. The structure is three-dimensional. Na1+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form distorted corner-sharing NaO6 pentagonal pyramids. There are a spread of Na–O bond distances ranging from 2.48–2.60 Å. Ag1+ is bonded in a 7-coordinate geometry to one N3+ and six O2- atoms. The Ag–N bond length is 2.19 Å. There are a spread of Ag–O bond distances ranging from 2.42–3.02 Å. There are two inequivalent N3+ sites. In the first N3+ site, N3+ is bonded in a bent 120 degrees geometry to two equivalent O2- atoms. Both N–O bond lengths are 1.27 Å. In the second N3+ site, N3+ is bonded in a trigonal planar geometry to one Ag1+ and two equivalent O2- atoms. Both N–O bond lengths are 1.26 Å. There are two inequivalent O2- sites. In the first O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to two equivalent Na1+, one Ag1+, and one N3+ atom. In the second O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 1-coordinate geometry to one Na1+, two equivalent Ag1+, and one N3+ atom.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
NASA NTRS2004

Composition of Simulated Martian Brines and Implications for the Origin of Martian Salts

We report on laboratory experiments that have produced dilute brines under controlled conditions meant to simulate past and present Mars. We allowed an SNC-derived mineral mix to react with pure water under a simulated present-Mars atmosphere for seven months. We then subjected the same mineral mix to a similar aqueous environment for one year, but with a simulated Mars atmosphere that contained the added gases SO2, HCl and NO2. The addition of acidic gases was designed to mimic the effects of volcanic gases that may have been present in the martian atmosphere during periods of increased volcanic activity. The experiments were performed at one bar and at two different temperatures in order to simulate subsurface conditions where liquid water and rock are likely to interact on Mars. The dominant cations dissolved in the solutions we produced were Ca(2+), Mg(2+), Al(3+) and Na(+), while the major anions are dissolved C, F(-), SO4(2-) and Cl(-). Typical solution pH was 4.2 to 6.0 for experiments run with a Mars analog atmosphere, and 3.6-5.0 for experiments with acidic gases added. Abundance patterns of elements in the synthetic sulfate-chloride brines produced under acidic conditions were distinctly unlike those of terrestrial ocean water, terrestrial continental waters, and those measured in the martian fines at the Mars Pathfinder and Viking 1 and 2 landing sites. In particular, the S/Cl ratio in these experiments was about 200, compared with an average value of approx. 5 in martian fines. In contrast, abundance patterns of elements in the brines produced under a present day Mars analog atmosphere were quite similar to those measured in the martian fines at the Mars Pathfinder and Viking 1 and 2 landing sites. This suggests that salts present in the martian regolith may have formed over time as a result of the interaction of surface or subsurface liquid water with basalts in the presence of a martian atmosphere similar in composition to that of today, rather than in an atmosphere higher in acidic volatiles.

Bullock, M. A.↗