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Edison vs. Tesla
As Edison vs. Tesla week heats up at the Energy Department, we are exploring the rivalry between Thomas Edison and Nikola Tesla and how their work is still impacting the way we use energy today. Whether you're on Team Tesla or Team Edison, both inventors were key players in creating things like batteries, power plants and wireless technologies -- all innovations we still use today. And as we move toward a clean energy future, energy efficient lighting, like LED bulbs, and more efficient electric motors not only help us save money on electricity costs but help combat climate change. For this, Tesla and Edison both deserve our recognition.
An active antenna for ELF magnetic fields
The work of Nikola Tesla, especially that directed toward world-wide electrical energy distribution via excitation of the earth-ionosphere cavity resonances, has stimulated interest in the study of these resonances. Not only are they important for their potential use in the transmission of intelligence and electrical power, they are important because they are an integral part of our natural environment. This paper describes the design of a sensitive, untuned, low noise active antenna which is uniquely suited to modern earth-ionosphere cavity resonance measurements employing fast-Fourier transform techniques for near-real-time data analysis. It capitalizes on a little known field-antenna interaction mechanism. Recently, the authors made preliminary measurements of the magnetic fields in the earth-ionosphere cavity. During the course of this study, the problem of designing an optimized ELF magnetic field sensor presented itself. The sensor would have to be small, light weight (for portable use), and capable of detecting the 5-50 Hz picoTesla-level signals generated by the natural excitations of the earth-ionosphere cavity resonances. A review of the literature revealed that past researchers had employed very large search coils, both tuned and untuned. Hill and Bostick, for example, used coils of 30,000 turns wound on high permeability cores of 1.83 m length, weighing 40 kg. Tuned coils are unsuitable for modern fast-Fourier transform data analysis techniques which require a broad spectrum input. 'Untuned' coils connected to high input impedance voltage amplifiers exhibit resonant responses at the resonant frequency determined by the coil inductance and the coil distributed winding capacitance. Also, considered as antennas, they have effective areas equal only to their geometrical areas.
EV Ridealong with Racecar Driver Leilani Munter (U.S. Department of Energy)
Learn about some of the benefits of electric vehicles with racecar driver Leilani Münter.
WHONDRS Summer 2019 Sampling Campaign: Global River Corridor Surface Water FTICR-MS, NPOC, TN, Anions, Stable Isotopes, Bacterial Abundance, and Dissolved Inorganic Carbon (v8)
The WHONDRS Summer 2019 Sampling (S19S) Campaign collected samples in 97 globally distributed river corridor systems between July and September 2019. Surficial streambed sediments were collected at three locations within each site (upstream, midstream, and downstream). Surface water was collected at the downstream site. This dataset includes a portion of the data types produced from the surface water samples and does not include any results from the sediment. Sediment data can be found at https://data.ess-dive.lbl.gov/view/doi:10.15485/1729719. The S19S campaign was designed with the science community to ask questions associated with links among core/transient metabolomes, microbial metabolism, biogeochemical function, and physical properties of watershed and river corridor systems. This data package was originally published in March 2020. It was updated in October 2020 (v2, new and modified files), July 2021 (v3, new and modified files), January 2023 (v4, new and modified files), February 2023 (v5, new and modified files), August 2023 (v6, new and modified files), July 2025 (v7,new and modified files), and August 2026 (v8, new and modified files). Version 8 includes major restructuring of the files and their formats. See the change history section in readme for more details. In addition to a readme, this data package also includes a file-level metadata (FLMD) file that describes each file and a data dictionary (DD) that describes all column/row headers and variable definitions. This dataset contains (1) readme, (2) data dictionary, (3) file level metadata, (4) sampling protocol, (5) a data checks report, (6) field metadata, (7) international generic sample number (IGSN) mapping file, (8) joint genome institute (JGI) mapping file, and (9) a folder of sample data. The sample data folder contains (1) dissolved organic carbon (DOC, measured as non-purgeable organic carbon, NPOC) and FTICR methods, (2) dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC), (3) stable water isotopes (O and H), (4) specific conductivity, (5) total dissolved nitrogen (TN), (6) anions, (7) flow cytometry bacterial abundance data, (8) laboratory methods, and (9) a folder containing unaligned, peak-picked high resolution characterization of dissolved organic matter from sediment via 12 Tesla Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FTICR-MS) through the Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory (EMSL, https://www.pnnl.gov/environmental-molecular-sciences-laboratory), and (12) a folder containing processed FTICR-MS data. All files are .msa, .txt, .spx, .xml, .csv, .pdf, .txt, .html, .jpg, or .jpeg.
WHONDRS Summer 2019 Sampling Campaign: Global River Corridor Sediment FTICR-MS, Dissolved Organic Carbon, Aerobic Respiration, Elemental Composition, Grain Size, Total Nitrogen and Organic Carbon Content, Bacterial Abundance, and Stable Isotopes (v10)
The WHONDRS Summer 2019 Sampling (S19S) Campaign collected samples in 97 globally distributed river corridor systems between July and September 2019. Surficial streambed sediments were collected at three locations within each site (upstream, midstream, and downstream). Surface water was collected at the downstream site. This dataset includes a portion of the data types produced from the sediment samples and does not include any results from the surface water. Surface water data can be found at https://data.ess-dive.lbl.gov/view/doi:10.15485/1603775. The S19S campaign was designed with the science community to ask questions associated with links among core/transient metabolomes, microbial metabolism, biogeochemical function, and physical properties of watershed and river corridor systems. This data package was originally published in December 2020. It was updated in April 2021 (v2; modified files), May 2022 (v3; new and modified files), November 2022 (v4; new and modified files), January 2023 (v5 and v6; new and modified files), February 2023 (v7; new and modified files), August 2023 (v8; new and modified files), July 2025 (v9; new and modified files), and June 2026 (v10; new and modified files). Version 10 includes major restructuring of the files and their formats. See the change history in the readme for details. In addition to a readme, this data package also includes a file-level metadata (FLMD) file that describes each file and a data dictionary (DD) that describes all column/row headers and variable definitions. This dataset contains (1) readme, (2) data dictionary, (3) file level metadata, (4) sampling protocol, (5) a data checks report, (6) field metadata, (7) international generic sample number (IGSN) mapping file, (8) joint genome institute (JGI) mapping file, (9) a folder of site photos, and (10) a folder of sample data. The sample data folder contains (1) dissolved organic carbon (DOC, measured as non-purgeable organic carbon, NPOC) and FTICR methods; (2) respiration rates and normalized respiration rates calculated from laboratory sediment incubations, (3) X-ray fluorescence (XRF) elemental composition, (4) grain size distribution from the < 2 millimeter fraction of sediment, (5) total organic carbon and total nitrogen content, (6) bacterial abundance flow cytometry data, (7) sediment stable isotopes (C and N), (8) laboratory methods, (9) water and sediment mass and volume used in incubations, (10) a folder with code, inputs, and plots for the respiration rates, (11) a folder containing XRF data, (12) a folder containing unaligned, peak-picked high resolution characterization of dissolved organic matter from sediment via 12 Tesla Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FTICR-MS) through the Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory (EMSL; https://www.pnnl.gov/environmental-molecular-sciences-laboratory), (12) and a folder containing processed FTICR-MS data. All files are .msa, .txt, .spx, .xml, .csv, .pdf, .txt, .jpg, or .jpeg.
FTICR, NPOC, TN, and Moisture of Variably Inundated Sediment across 48 North American Rivers
This dataset supports a broader study examining drivers of organic matter chemistry in variably inundated hyporheic zone sediments and further linking that chemistry to biogeochemical rates. The dataset provides physical and chemical sediment data collected from 48 rivers across North America. There are related data that will be published, including surficial sediment temperature time series that can be used to infer the dynamics of inundation prior to the collection of sediments. This dataset is comprised of two folders: (1) ECA2_Sediment and (2) ECA2_SitePhotos. The ECA2_Sediment folder contains: (1) file-level metadata; (2) data dictionary; (3) field metadata; (4) non-purgeable organic carbon (NPOC), total nitrogen (TN), and sediment moisture; (5) sediment sampling protocol, (6) readme, and (7) folder of high resolution characterization of organic matter from sediment extracts via 12 Tesla Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FTICR-MS) through the Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory (EMSL; https://www.pnnl.gov/environmental-molecular-sciences-laboratory). The FTICR-MS files are .xml, and the data package includes instructions for using Formularity (https://omics.pnl.gov/software/formularity) and an R script to process the data based on the user's specific needs. All other files are .csv, .txt, or .pdf. The ECA2_SitePhotos folder contains a readme and site photographs taken in the field. All files are .txt or .jpg.
Single-Cell Metabolic Profiling: Metabolite Formulas from Isotopic Fine Structures in Heterogeneous Plant Cell Populations
Characterization of the metabolic heterogeneity in cell populations requires the analysis of single cells. Most current methods in single-cell analysis rely on cell manipulation, potentially altering the abundance of metabolites in individual cells. Small sample volume and the chemical diversity of metabolites are additional challenges in single-cell metabolomics. Here, we describe the combination of fiber-based laser ablation electrospray ionization (f-LAESI) with 21 tesla Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (21TFTICR-MS) for in situ single-cell metabolic profiling in plant tissue. Single plant cells infected by bacteria were selected and sampled directly from the tissue without cell manipulation through mid-infrared ablation with a fine optical fiber tip for ionization by f-LAESI. Finally, ultrahigh performance 21T-FTICR-MS enabled the simultaneous capture of isotopic fine structures (IFSs) for 47 known and 11 unknown compounds, thus elucidating their elemental compositions from single cells, and providing information on metabolic heterogeneity in the cell population.
WHONDRS River Corridor Surface Water Metabolites and Geochemistry from Global Sites
This dataset supports a broader study examining the character of organic matter that may be delivered to subsurface sediments via hydrologic exchange. To implement the global survey, free stream sampling kits were provided to interested volunteers throughout the world. Samples were collected with minimal constraints in terms of location, but following strict protocols, and shipped for metabolomic analysis via Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FTICR-MS). In addition, basic geochemistry analyses (e.g., dissolved organic matter concentration) were conducted, standardized photos of each field system were taken, and extensive metadata were captured. Sampling began in 2018 and is ongoing as of 2025. This dataset is comprised of one folders of field photos, one folder of raw Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FTICR-MS) data, and one main data folder containing (1) file-level metadata; (2) data dictionary; (3) field metadata; (4) readme; (5) international generic sample number (IGSN) mapping file; (6) field protocol; and (7) a subfolder with sample data. The sample data subfolder contains (1) surface water dissolved organic carbon (DOC, measured as non-purgeable organic carbon, NPOC) data and averages; (2) methods codes; (3) surface water FTICR methods; and (4) a subfolder of 12 Tesla (12T) FTICR-MS data. This folder contains three subfolders, one containing the.xml files, one containing the CoreMS output files, and the other containing instructions and scripts for processing the files in CoreMS (https://github.com/EMSL-Computing/CoreMS). All files are .csv, .pdf, .R, .xml, .html, .Rmd, .py, .cal, .json, .jpg, .jpeg, or .png. For details on how to navigate data packages generated by this project, see https://data.ess-dive.lbl.gov/portals/PNNLRiverCorridorSFA/About.
East River Surface and Pore Water FTICR-MS Data Associated with “Implications of sample treatment on characterization of the riverine environmental metabolome”
Surface and pore water samples were collected from distributed locations around Meander A in East River (Crested Butte, CO, USA) during the summer of 2018. This dataset consists of the characterization of dissolved organic matter using 12 Tesla Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FTICR-MS; in .xml format) analyzed through the Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory (EMSL; https://www.pnnl.gov/environmental-molecular-sciences-laboratory) using two different sample pre-treatment methods (solid phase extraction, no solid phase extraction) and two electrospray ionization methods (ESI-positive, ESI-negative) to identify the impacts of these choices on the final dataset. This study aimed to understand how the different sample processing methods influence the resulting FTICR-MS dataset. Any published work that utilizes data presented in this dataset should cite the dataset using the DOI number. If using the dataset, please acknowledge the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Office of Science (BER) Subsurface Biogeochemical Research (SBR) program, the Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory (EMSL), and Worldwide Hydrobiogeochemical Observation Network for Dynamic River Systems (WHONDRS). The publication DOI will be added to this abstract when available.
21 Tesla Fourier Transform Ion Cyclotron Resonance Mass Spectrometer Greatly Expands Mass Spectrometry Toolbox
We provide the initial performance evaluation of a 21 Tesla Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometer operating at the Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory at Pacific Northwest National Laboratory. The spectrometer constructed for the 21T system employs a commercial dual linear ion trap mass spectrometer coupled to a FTICR spectrometer designed and built in-house. Performance gains from moving to higher magnetic field strength are exemplified by the measurement of peptide isotopic fine structure, complex natural organic matter mixtures, and large proteins. Accurate determination of isotopic fine structure was demonstrated for doubly charged substance P with minimal spectral averaging, and 8,158 molecular formulas assigned to Suwannee River Fulvic Acid standard with RMS error of 10 ppb. We also demonstrated superior performance for intact proteins; namely, broadband isotopic resolution of the entire charge state distribution of apotransferrin (78 kDa) and facile isotopic resolution of monoclonal antibody under a variety of acquisition parameters (e.g. 6 s time-domains with absorption mode processing yielded resolution of approximately 1M at m/z =2,700).
WHONDRS 48 Hour Diel Cycling Study at the Columbia River in Washington, USA
This dataset is from a sampling campaign completed over the course of 48 hours to investigate the effects of the upstream Priest Rapids Dam-induced water level variation on aqueous chemistry, dissolved organic matter chemistry, and metabolic potential of microbial communities at the Columbia River, WA, USA. Filtered surface water (SW) and pore water (PP) samples were collected every three hours in August 2018. This dataset is one of seven companion datasets that were part of the WHONDRS 48 Hour Diel Cycling Study of freshwater rivers. All seven datasets are available on ESS-DIVE; they can be found by searching for WHONDRS 48 Hour.This package contains a variety of chemical and hydrologic variables. All data types are provided in a standard format. Basic geochemistry analyses (e.g., non-purgeable organic carbon concentration, cations, anions, SpC, pH) were conducted, standardized photos were taken, surface water hydrographs were collated from existing instrumentation, and extensive metadata were captured. Aqueous chemistry variables include USGS codes in the first portion of the variable name (e.g., 00940_Cl_mg_per_L). These codes allow for interoperability with USGS water quality data. In addition, samples were delivered to the Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory (EMSL; https://www.pnnl.gov/environmental-molecular-sciences-laboratory) for high resolution characterization of dissolved organic matter via 12 Tesla Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FTICR-MS). The data package contains instructions to process the FTICR data based on the user’s specific needs, and sample-level summary indices derived from the FTICR data will be added to the data package. Beyond the data in this data package, metagenomic data are being generated on associated microbial communities. When these data are available, the data package will be updated with information on accessing them. Please contact WHONDRS@pnnl.gov for more information. Please use the data package’s DOI to cite the data package. We ask that you email us at WHONDRS@pnnl.gov to let us know that you're using the data and acknowledge WHONDRS and the U.S. Department of Energy's Subsurface Biogeochemical Research program—which generously provides funding to WHONDRS—in your publications, proposals, presentations, etc. All data are free to be used for any purpose, such as for manuscripts, presentations, and grant proposals. There is no obligation to include WHONDRS members as co-authors.
WHONDRS 48 Hour Diel Cycling Study at the Jordan River, Israel
This dataset is from a sampling campaign completed over the course of 48 hours to investigate the effects of groundwater pumping induced water level variation on aqueous chemistry, dissolved organic matter chemistry, and metabolic potential of microbial communities at the Jordan River, Israel. Filtered surface water (SW) and pore water (PP) samples were collected every three hours in August 2018. This dataset is one of seven companion datasets that were part of the WHONDRS 48 Hour Diel Cycling Study of freshwater rivers. All seven datasets are available on ESS-DIVE; they can be found by searching for WHONDRS 48 Hour.This package contains a variety of chemical and hydrologic variables. All data types are provided in a standard format. Basic geochemistry analyses (e.g., non-purgeable organic carbon concentration, cations, anions, SpC, pH) were conducted, standardized photos were taken, surface water hydrographs were collated from existing instrumentation, and extensive metadata were captured. Aqueous chemistry variables include USGS codes in the first portion of the variable name (e.g., 00940_Cl_mg_per_L). These codes allow for interoperability with USGS water quality data. In addition, samples were delivered to the Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory (EMSL; https://www.pnnl.gov/environmental-molecular-sciences-laboratory) for high resolution characterization of dissolved organic matter via 12 Tesla Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FTICR-MS). The data package contains instructions to process the FTICR data based on the user’s specific needs, and sample-level summary indices derived from the FTICR data will be added to the data package. Beyond the data in this data package, metagenomic data are being generated on associated microbial communities. When these data are available, the data package will be updated with information on accessing them. Please contact WHONDRS@pnnl.gov for more information. Please use the data package’s DOI to cite the data package. We ask that you email us at WHONDRS@pnnl.gov to let us know that you're using the data and acknowledge WHONDRS and the U.S. Department of Energy's Subsurface Biogeochemical Research program—which generously provides funding to WHONDRS—in your publications, proposals, presentations, etc. All data are free to be used for any purpose, such as for manuscripts, presentations, and grant proposals. There is no obligation to include WHONDRS members as co-authors.
WHONDRS 48 Hour Diel Cycling Study at the Erpe River, Germany
This dataset is from a sampling campaign completed over the course of 48 hours to investigate the effects of wastewater treatment plant effluent induced water level variation on aqueous chemistry, dissolved organic matter chemistry, and metabolic potential of microbial communities at the Erpe River, Germany. Filtered surface water (SW) and pore water (PP) samples were collected every three hours in September 2018. This dataset is one of seven companion datasets that were part of the WHONDRS 48 Hour Diel Cycling Study of freshwater rivers. All seven datasets are available on ESS-DIVE; they can be found by searching for WHONDRS 48 Hour.This package contains a variety of chemical and hydrologic variables. All data types are provided in a standard format. Basic geochemistry analyses (e.g., non-purgeable organic carbon concentration, cations, anions, SpC, pH) were conducted, standardized photos were taken, surface water hydrographs were collated from existing instrumentation, and extensive metadata were captured. Aqueous chemistry variables include USGS codes in the first portion of the variable name (e.g., 00940_Cl_mg_per_L). These codes allow for interoperability with USGS water quality data. In addition, samples were delivered to the Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory (EMSL; https://www.pnnl.gov/environmental-molecular-sciences-laboratory) for high resolution characterization of dissolved organic matter via 12 Tesla Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FTICR-MS). The data package contains instructions to process the FTICR data based on the user’s specific needs, and sample-level summary indices derived from the FTICR data will be added to the data package. Beyond the data in this data package, metagenomic data are being generated on associated microbial communities. When these data are available, the data package will be updated with information on accessing them. Please contact WHONDRS@pnnl.gov for more information. Please use the data package’s DOI to cite the data package. We ask that you email us at WHONDRS@pnnl.gov to let us know that you're using the data and acknowledge WHONDRS and the U.S. Department of Energy's Subsurface Biogeochemical Research program—which generously provides funding to WHONDRS—in your publications, proposals, presentations, etc. All data are free to be used for any purpose, such as for manuscripts, presentations, and grant proposals. There is no obligation to include WHONDRS members as co-authors.
WHONDRS 48 Hour Diel Cycling Study at the Nisqually River, WA
This dataset is from a sampling campaign completed over the course of 48 hours to investigate the effects of glacial freeze/thaw cycle-induced water level variation on aqueous chemistry, dissolved organic matter chemistry, and metabolic potential of microbial communities at the Nisqually River, WA, USA. Filtered surface water (SW) and pore water (PP) samples were collected every three hours in August 2018. This dataset is one of seven companion datasets that were part of the WHONDRS 48 Hour Diel Cycling Study of freshwater rivers. All seven datasets are available on ESS-DIVE; they can be found by searching for WHONDRS 48 Hour.This package contains a variety of chemical and hydrologic variables. All data types are provided in a standard format. Basic geochemistry analyses (e.g., non-purgeable organic carbon concentration, cations, anions, SpC, pH) were conducted, standardized photos were taken, surface water hydrographs were collated from existing instrumentation, and extensive metadata were captured. Aqueous chemistry variables include USGS codes in the first portion of the variable name (e.g., 00940_Cl_mg_per_L). These codes allow for interoperability with USGS water quality data. In addition, samples were delivered to the Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory (EMSL; https://www.pnnl.gov/environmental-molecular-sciences-laboratory) for high resolution characterization of dissolved organic matter via 12 Tesla Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FTICR-MS). The data package contains instructions to process the FTICR data based on the user’s specific needs, and sample-level summary indices derived from the FTICR data will be added to the data package. Beyond the data in this data package, metagenomic data are being generated on associated microbial communities. When these data are available, the data package will be updated with information on accessing them. Please contact WHONDRS@pnnl.gov for more information. Please use the data package’s DOI to cite the data package. We ask that you email us at WHONDRS@pnnl.gov to let us know that you're using the data and acknowledge WHONDRS and the U.S. Department of Energy's Subsurface Biogeochemical Research program—which generously provides funding to WHONDRS—in your publications, proposals, presentations, etc. All data are free to be used for any purpose, such as for manuscripts, presentations, and grant proposals. Note that the included hydrograph has a separate DOI that should also be cited. There is no obligation to include WHONDRS members as co-authors.
WHONDRS 48 Hour Diel Cycling Study at the East Fork Poplar Creek in Tennessee, USA
This dataset is from a sampling campaign completed over the course of 48 hours to investigate the effects of wastewater treatment plant effluent induced water level variation on aqueous chemistry, dissolved organic matter chemistry, and metabolic potential of microbial communities at the East Fork Poplar Creek, TN, USA. Filtered surface water (SW) and pore water (PP) samples were collected every three hours in August 2018. This dataset is one of seven companion datasets that were part of the WHONDRS 48 Hour Diel Cycling Study of freshwater rivers. All seven datasets are available on ESS-DIVE; they can be found by searching for WHONDRS 48 Hour.This package contains a variety of chemical and hydrologic variables. All data types are provided in a standard format. Basic geochemistry analyses (e.g., non-purgeable organic carbon concentration, cations, anions, SpC, pH) were conducted, standardized photos were taken, surface water hydrographs were collated from existing instrumentation, and extensive metadata were captured. Aqueous chemistry variables include USGS codes in the first portion of the variable name (e.g., 00940_Cl_mg_per_L). These codes allow for interoperability with USGS water quality data. In addition, samples were delivered to the Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory (EMSL; https://www.pnnl.gov/environmental-molecular-sciences-laboratory) for high resolution characterization of dissolved organic matter via 12 Tesla Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FTICR-MS). The data package contains instructions to process the FTICR data based on the user’s specific needs, and sample-level summary indices derived from the FTICR data will be added to the data package. Beyond the data in this data package, metagenomic data are being generated on associated microbial communities. When these data are available, the data package will be updated with information on accessing them. Please contact WHONDRS@pnnl.gov for more information. Please use the data package’s DOI to cite the data package. We ask that you email us at WHONDRS@pnnl.gov to let us know that you're using the data and acknowledge WHONDRS and the U.S. Department of Energy's Subsurface Biogeochemical Research program—which generously provides funding to WHONDRS—in your publications, proposals, presentations, etc. All data are free to be used for any purpose, such as for manuscripts, presentations, and grant proposals. Note that the included hydrograph has a separate DOI that should also be cited. There is no obligation to include WHONDRS members as co-authors.
WHONDRS 48 Hour Diel Cycling Study at the Altamaha River in Georgia, USA
This dataset is from a sampling campaign completed over the course of 48 hours to investigate the effects of tidally induced water level variation on aqueous chemistry, dissolved organic matter chemistry, and metabolic potential of microbial communities at the Altamaha River, GA, USA. Filtered surface water (SW) and pore water (PP) samples were collected every three hours in October 2018. This dataset is one of seven companion datasets that were part of the WHONDRS 48 Hour Diel Cycling Study of freshwater rivers. All seven datasets are available on ESS-DIVE; they can be found by searching for WHONDRS 48 Hour. This package contains a variety of chemical and hydrologic variables. All data types are provided in a standard format. Basic geochemistry analyses (e.g., non-purgeable organic carbon concentration, cations, anions, SpC, pH) were conducted, standardized photos were taken, surface water hydrographs were collated from existing instrumentation, and extensive metadata were captured. Aqueous chemistry variables include USGS codes in the first portion of the variable name (e.g., 00940_Cl_mg_per_L). These codes allow for interoperability with USGS water quality data. In addition, samples were delivered to the Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory (EMSL; https://www.pnnl.gov/environmental-molecular-sciences-laboratory) for high resolution characterization of dissolved organic matter via 12 Tesla Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FTICR-MS). The data package contains instructions to process the FTICR data based on the user’s specific needs, and sample-level summary indices derived from the FTICR data will be added to the data package. Beyond the data in this data package, metagenomic data are being generated on associated microbial communities. When these data are available, the data package will be updated with information on accessing them. Please contact WHONDRS@pnnl.gov for more information. Please use the data package’s DOI to cite the data package. We ask that you email us at WHONDRS@pnnl.gov to let us know that you're using the data and acknowledge WHONDRS and the U.S. Department of Energy's Subsurface Biogeochemical Research program—which generously provides funding to WHONDRS—in your publications, proposals, presentations, etc. All data are free to be used for any purpose, such as for manuscripts, presentations, and grant proposals. Note that the included hydrograph has a separate DOI that should also be cited. There is no obligation to include WHONDRS members as co-authors. Please note that this data package was originally published in November 2019. It was updated in July 2020. See the readme file in the data package for details. None of the data values were altered. The units were updated in one column of the main metadata file and in one of the methods codes descriptions.