Nanoscience and Nanostructures for Photovoltaics and Solar Fuels
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14 SOLAR ENERGY↗
SEARCH · Engineering Papers
Results for “NANOSCIENCE”
Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.
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Size, Dimensionality, and Strong Electron Correlation in Nanoscience
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solar (photovoltaic), electrodes - solar, charge t↗
Big Thinking: The Power of Nanoscience (LBNL Science at the Theater)
Science at the Theater, June 6th, 2011: Berkeley Lab scientists reveal how nanoscience will bring us cleaner energy, faster computers, and improved medicine. Alex Weber-Bargioni: How can we see things at the nanoscale? Alex is pioneering new methods that provide unprecedented insight into nanoscale materials and molecular interactions. The goal is to create rules for building nanoscale materials. Babak Sanii: Nature is an expert at making nanoscale devices such as proteins. Babak is developing ways to see these biological widgets, which could help scientists develop synthetic devices that mimic the best that nature has to offer. Ting Xu: How are we going to make nanoscale devices? A future in which materials and devices are able to assemble themselves may not be that far down the road. Ting is finding ways to induce a wide range of nanoscopic building blocks to assemble into complex structures. Delia Milliron: The dividends of nanoscience could reshape the way we live, from smart windows and solar cells to artificial photosynthesis and improved medical diagnosis. Delia is at the forefront of converting fundamental research into nanotechnology. Moderated by Jim DeYoreo, interim director of the Molecular Foundry, a facility located at Berkeley Lab where scientists from around the world address the myriad challenges in nanoscience.
32 ENERGY CONSERVATION, CONSUMPTION, AND UTILIZATI↗
A Personal Journey in Nanoscience via Developing and Applying Liquid Phase TEM
Liquid phase TEM has attracted widespread attention in recent years as a groundbreaking tool to address various fundamental problems in nanoscience. It has provided the opportunity to reveal many unseen dynamic phenomena of nanoscale materials in solution processes by direct imaging through liquids with high spatial and temporal resolution. After my earlier work on real-time imaging of the nucleation, growth, and dynamic motion of nanoparticles in liquids by developing high-resolution liquid phase transmission electron microscopy (TEM) down to the sub-nanometer level, I established my own research group at Lawrence Berkeley National Lab in 2010. My group focuses on developing and applying liquid phase TEM to investigate complex systems and reactions. We have studied a set of scientific problems centered on understanding how atomic level heterogeneity and fluctuations at solid-liquid interfaces impact nanoscale materials transformations using advanced liquid phase TEM. This article describes my personal journey in nanoscience, highlighting the main discoveries of my research group using liquid phase TEM as a unique tool. Some perspectives on the impacts of liquid phase TEM and the future opportunities in nanoscience and nanotechnology enabled by liquid phase TEM are also included.
37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
Nanoscience at the advanced photon source
The U.S. Department of Energy's (DOE's) Advanced Photon Source (APS), located at Argonne National Laboratory, is a 3rd-generation synchrotron radiation source of hard X-rays. Also sited at Argonne is the Center for Nanoscale Materials (CNM), one of the five Nanoscience Research Centers that have been created by the DOE's Office of Basic Energy Sciences. The APS and CNM are closely connected, both physically and intellectually, as the CNM building is attached to the APS experiment hall, and the APS and CNM jointly operate the nanoprobe beamline at APS Sector 26 that was constructed as part of the CNM project. Both the APS and CNM are user facilities and their synergy provides the research community with a unique suite of tools for the fabrication and characterization of nanomaterials. This talk will summarize the capabilities of the nanoprobe beamline and some of the recent nanoscience results from data collected at the APS.
77 NANOSCIENCE AND NANOTECHNOLOGY↗
Inventing Nanoscience: Exploring Materials at Atomic Scale
By 2001, the potential for nanoscience to transform many areas of science was increasingly clear. A Presidential Nanoscience Initiative was launched. Working in collaboration with other federal science agencies, the Basic Energy Sciences (BES) office of DOE proposed and supported the creation of five Nanoscale Science Research Centers open to all scientists, located at DOE National Laboratories to also enable access to existing X-ray and neutron probes. In the decade since these shared research facilities came into full operation, they have enabled an explosion of discoveries in physics, chemistry, materials science and biology, which in turn have begun to yield important new technologies.
77 NANOSCIENCE AND NANOTECHNOLOGY↗
33 Unresolved Questions in Nanoscience and Nanotechnology
Significant advances in science and engineering often emerge at the intersections of disciplines. Nanoscience and nanotechnology are inherently interdisciplinary, uniting researchers from chemistry, physics, biology, medicine, materials science, and engineering. This convergence has fostered novel ways of thinking and enabled the development of materials, tools, and technologies that have transformed both basic and applied research, as well as how we address critical societal challenges. In this Nano Focus, we pose and explore 33 questions whose answers could profoundly impact fields such as energy, electronics, the environment, optics, and medicine. These questions highlight the need for deeper foundational understanding, improved tools and techniques, and innovative applications─each with significant societal relevance. Together, they represent a global call-to-action for the scientific community.
77 NANOSCIENCE AND NANOTECHNOLOGY↗
Nanoscience -- Potential and Threats
As the world’s population continues to expand, scientists are working to address the energy needs and challenges that accompany growth with environmentally responsible approaches. Nanoscience is helping to provide solutions to energy and environmental concerns in a number of ways.
37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
Prospects of Nanoscience with Nanocrystals: 2025 Edition
Abstract Nanocrystals (NCs) of various compositions have made important contributions to science and technology, with their impact recognized by the 2023 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for the discovery and synthesis of semiconductor quantum dots (QDs). Over four decades of research into NCs has led to numerous advancements in diverse fields, such as optoelectronics, catalysis, energy, medicine, and recently, quantum information and computing. The last 10 years since the predecessor perspective “Prospect of Nanoscience with Nanocrystals” was published in ACS Nano have seen NC research continuously evolve, yielding critical advances in fundamental understanding and practical applications. Mechanistic insights into NC formation have translated into precision control over NC size, shape, and composition. Emerging synthesis techniques have broadened the landscape of compounds obtainable in colloidal NC form. Sophistication in surface chemistry, jointly bolstered by theoretical models and experimental findings, has facilitated refined control over NC properties and represents a trusted gateway to enhanced NC stability and processability. The assembly of NCs into superlattices, along with two-dimensional (2D) photolithography and three-dimensional (3D) printing, has expanded their utility in creating materials with tailored properties. Applications of NCs are also flourishing, consolidating progress in fields targeted early on, such as optoelectronics and catalysis, and extending into areas ranging from quantum technology to phase-change memories. In this perspective, we review the extensive progress in research on NCs over the past decade and highlight key areas where future research may bring further breakthroughs.
Chemistry↗
The Nanoscience Beamline (I06) at Diamond Light Source
The Nanoscience beamline (I06) is one of seven Diamond Phase-I beamlines which has been operational since January 2007 delivering polarised soft x-rays, for a PhotoEmission Electron Microscope (PEEM) and branchline, in the energy range 80-2100 eV. The beamline is based on a collimated plane grating monochromator with sagittal focusing elements, utilising two APPLE II helical undulator sources, and has been designed for high flux density at the PEEM sample position. A {approx}5 {mu}m ({sigma}) diameter beam is focussed onto the sample in the PEEM allowing a range of experiments using x-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS), x-ray magnetic circular dichroism (XMCD) and x-ray magnetic linear dichroism (XMLD) as contrast mechanisms. The beamline is also equipped with a branchline housing a 6T superconducting magnet for XMCD and XMLD experiments. The magnet is designed to move on and off the branchline which allows a diverse range of experiments.
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An Introduction and Overview of Interdisciplinary Nanoscience and Nanotechnology
A viewgraph presentation gives an overview of interdisciplinary nanoscience and nanotechnology by answering the questions: (1) What are nanotechnology and bionanotechnology? (2) What are some key applications of bionanotechnology? (3) Why is if of particular importance to NASA? and (4) What are some key challenges to fulfilling the promise of nanotechnology? Nanotechnology is defined and the trends and potential for nanotechnology are described. An overview of nanoelectronic devices is given.
James C. Ellenbogen↗
Scale-up of green nanoscience pathway for optically transparent nanocomposites
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32 ENERGY CONSERVATION, CONSUMPTION, AND UTILIZATI↗
Kevin Yager on the Nanoscience of Studying Scattered X-Rays
Kevin Yager, a scientist at Brookhaven Lab's Center for Functional Nanomaterials, discusses his research on materials spanning just billionths of a meter. Yager specializes in making new materials through meticulously guided self-assembly and probing nanoscale structures with a technique called x-ray scattering.
77 NANOSCIENCE AND NANOTECHNOLOGY↗
Prospects of nanoscience with nanocrystals
Colloidal nanocrystals (NCs, i.e., crystalline nanoparticles) have become an important class of materials with great potential for applications ranging from medicine to electronic and optoelectronic devices. Today's strong research focus on NCs has been prompted by the tremendous progress in their synthesis. Impressively narrow size distributions of just a few percent, rational shape-engineering, compositional modulation, electronic doping, and tailored surface chemistries are now feasible for a broad range of inorganic compounds. Furthermore, the performance of inorganic NC-based photovoltaic and lightemitting devices has become competitive to other state-of-the-art materials. Semiconductor NCs hold unique promise for near- and mid-infrared technologies, where very few semiconductor materials are available. On a purely fundamental side, new insights into NC growth, chemical transformations, and self-organization can be gained from rapidly progressing in situ characterization and direct imaging techniques. New phenomena are constantly being discovered in the photophysics of NCs and in the electronic properties of NC solids. In our Nano Focus, we review the state of the art in research on colloidal NCs focusing on the most recent works published in the last 2 years.
36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
Nanoscience Research Internships in Illinois
NanoBusiness Talent Project Summary Report The NanoBusiness Alliance created the NanoBusiness Talent Program to ensure the future vitality of domestic scientists and entrepreneurs by engaging advanced high school students in cutting-edge nanotechnology development. This program commenced on September 1, 2008 and ran through August 31, 2010 with a very successful group of students. Several of these students went on to Stanford, Harvard and Yale, as well as many other prestigious Universities.
99 GENERAL AND MISCELLANEOUS↗
The Role of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology in Addressing the World’s Energy Challenges
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77 NANOSCIENCE AND NANOTECHNOLOGY↗
Bringing Nanoscience into the K-12 Classroom
Brookhaven Lab and a local school district collaborated to develop a nanotechnology program that brings students “into” labs at Brookhaven’s Center for Functional Nanomaterials through a portable videoconferencing system.
77 NANOSCIENCE AND NANOTECHNOLOGY↗
Adding to the Mix: Integrating ELSI into National Nanoscience and Technology Center
This paper describes issues associated with integrating the study of Ethical, Legal and Social Issues (ELSI) into ongoing scientific and technical research and describes an approach adopted by the authors for their own work with the center for nanophase materials sciences (CNMS) at the Oak Ridge national laboratory (ORNL). Four key questions are considered: (a) What is ELSI and how should it identify and address topics of interest for the CNMS? (b) What advantages accrue to incorporating ELSI into the CNMS? (c) How should the integration of ELSI into the CNMS take place? (d) How should one judge the effectiveness of the activity?Weconclude that ELSI research is not a monolithic body of knowledge, but should be adapted to the question at hand. Our approach focuses on junctures in theR&Dcontinuum at which key decisions occur, avoids topics of a purely ethical nature or advocacy, and seeks to gather data in ways that permit testing the validity of generalization. Integrating ELSI into the CNMS allows dealing with topics firmly grounded in science, offers concrete examples of potential downstream applications and provides access to the scientists using the CNMS and their insights and observations. As well, integration provides the opportunity for R&D managers to benefit from ELSI insights and the potential to modify R&D agendas. Successful integration is dependent on the particular ELSI question set that drives the project. In this case questions sought to identify key choices, information of value to scientists, institutional attributes, key attributes of the CNMS culture, and alternatives for communicating results. The opportunity to consult with scientists on ELSI implications is offered, but not promoted. Finally, ELSI effectiveness is judged by observing the use to which research products are put within the CNMS, ORNL, and the community of external scholars.
ELSI↗