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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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Neutron Response of the EJ-254 Boron-Loaded Plastic Scintillator

Organic scintillators doped with capture agents provide a detectable signal for neutrons over a broad energy range. This work characterizes the fast and slow neutron response of EJ-254, an organic plastic scintillator with 5 loading by weight. For fast neutrons, the primary mechanism for light generation in organic scintillators is n-p elastic scattering. To study the fast neutron response, the proton light yield of EJ-254 was measured at the 88-Inch Cyclotron at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. Using a broad-spectrum neutron source and a double time-of-flight technique, the EJ-254 proton light yield was obtained over the energy range of approximately 270 keV to 4.5 MeV and determined to be in agreement with other plastic scintillators comprised of the same polymer base. To isolate the slow neutron response, an AmBe source with polyethylene moderator was made incident on the EJ-254 scintillator surrounded by an array of EJ-309 observation detectors. Events in the EJ-254 target coincident with the signature 477.6 keV γ ray (resulting from de-excitation of the residual 7Li nucleus following boron neutron capture) were identified. Pulse shape discrimination was used to evaluate the temporal differences in the response of EJ-254 scintillation signals arising from γ-ray and fast/slow neutron interactions. Clear separation between γ-ray and fast neutrons signals was not achieved and the neutron capture feature was observed to overlap both the γ-ray and fast neutron bands. Taking into account the electron light nonproportionality, the neutron capture light yield in EJ-254 was determined to be 89.4±1.1 keVee.

46 INSTRUMENTATION RELATED TO NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND ↗

NCERC-CL TREAT Free Field Characterization Foil Reaction Rate Results

This report summarizes the analysis and preliminary MCNP reaction rate modeling of free field characterization measurements performed in the Transient Reaction Test Facility (TREAT) at Idaho National Laboratory (INL) between 12/18/2023 and 2/22/2024. A series of seven irradiations were performed using the Big-BUSTER (Broad Use Specimen Transient Experiment Rig) core configuration. Foil sets including 19.5% LEU-Zr alloy wire, S, Au, Fe, Ni, Co, Ti, and Zr were deployed in each irradiation. Identical foil sets were supplied to Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL), and INL. All foils were supplied by INL. Additional details on the experiment can be found in [2]. The foil sets were shipped to the National Criticality Experiments Research Center Counting Laboratory (NCERC-CL) branch at LANL (NCERC-CL NISC) and were received on 3/25/2024. Additional details on receipt and counting are reported in [3]. All reactor dosimetry measurements were performed in adherence to the ASTM standards applicable to reactor dosimetry. Measured reaction rates from Au, Co, Fe, Ni, and Ti are reported. Select reaction rate ratios and simulated reaction rates and ratios are discussed. Reaction rates for all measured reaction products were modeled with MCNP 6.3.1 and a TREAT input deck supplied by Edward Lum. Neutron emission estimates calculated using the measured and simulated reaction rates show excellent agreement between the three fast-threshold n-p reactions with the percent differences being < 9% between the three reactions. The capture reactions had poorer, but still reasonable, agreement with < 20% percent differences between the neutron emission estimates of the three capture reactions. The percent difference between the fast-threshold and capture reactions is ∼ 100% for each reaction. This supports the TREAT model is not accurately modeling the neutron spectrum and additional measurements are required to characterize TREAT and match measurements to simulation.

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗

Thermoelectric coatings for waste heat recovery and photo-thermal power

An energy harvesting system for collecting energy from sources of thermal energy that exist in the environment and convert the energy to electricity. The system has N-P junctions mounted on the outer surface of a conduit, pipe or flue. A hot medium flows through the conduit, pipe or flue. The p-n junctions operate as thermoelectric power generators. Heat absorbed at the p-n junctions increases the kinetic energy of charge carriers causing migration of the charge carriers. This thermally-driven migration of charge carriers is used to drive an electrical current in an external circuit.

Farmer, Joseph C.↗

Materials Data on P3N5 by Materials Project

P3N5 crystallizes in the orthorhombic Imm2 space group. The structure is three-dimensional. there are two inequivalent P5+ sites. In the first P5+ site, P5+ is bonded to five N3- atoms to form PN5 square pyramids that share corners with four equivalent PN5 square pyramids, corners with two equivalent PN4 tetrahedra, and edges with two equivalent PN5 square pyramids. There is one shorter (1.72 Å) and four longer (1.75 Å) P–N bond length. In the second P5+ site, P5+ is bonded to four N3- atoms to form PN4 tetrahedra that share corners with four equivalent PN5 square pyramids and corners with two equivalent PN4 tetrahedra. There is two shorter (1.58 Å) and two longer (1.68 Å) P–N bond length. There are three inequivalent N3- sites. In the first N3- site, N3- is bonded in a distorted trigonal planar geometry to three equivalent P5+ atoms. In the second N3- site, N3- is bonded in a distorted trigonal planar geometry to three P5+ atoms. In the third N3- site, N3- is bonded in a bent 120 degrees geometry to two equivalent P5+ atoms.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗

Materials Data on P3N5 by Materials Project

P3N5 crystallizes in the monoclinic C2/c space group. The structure is three-dimensional. there are two inequivalent P5+ sites. In the first P5+ site, P5+ is bonded to four N3- atoms to form corner-sharing PN4 tetrahedra. There is two shorter (1.57 Å) and two longer (1.68 Å) P–N bond length. In the second P5+ site, P5+ is bonded to four N3- atoms to form a mixture of edge and corner-sharing PN4 tetrahedra. There are a spread of P–N bond distances ranging from 1.56–1.72 Å. There are three inequivalent N3- sites. In the first N3- site, N3- is bonded in a distorted trigonal planar geometry to three P5+ atoms. In the second N3- site, N3- is bonded in a bent 150 degrees geometry to two P5+ atoms. In the third N3- site, N3- is bonded in a linear geometry to two equivalent P5+ atoms.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗

Materials Data on PN2 by Materials Project

PN2 is quartz (alpha)-like structured and crystallizes in the orthorhombic P2_12_12_1 space group. The structure is three-dimensional. P5+ is bonded to four N+2.50- atoms to form corner-sharing PN4 tetrahedra. All P–N bond lengths are 1.61 Å. There are two inequivalent N+2.50- sites. In the first N+2.50- site, N+2.50- is bonded in a bent 150 degrees geometry to two equivalent P5+ atoms. In the second N+2.50- site, N+2.50- is bonded in a bent 150 degrees geometry to two equivalent P5+ atoms.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗