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DOE OSTI2025

Flow Enhanced Electrochemical Sensor Performance in Complex Salt Systems

To advance MSR MC&A practices, Argonne National Laboratory developed and optimized robust flow enhanced electrochemical sensors (FEES) and multielectrode array voltammetry sensors (MAVS) which provide accurate near-real time measurements of actinides in molten salts. Flow-enhanced electrochemical sensors are installed directly into MSR flow conduits for inline salt chemistry measurement, while MAVS are deployed in quiescent salt conditions enabling online species concentration determination in stationary salt vessels. This report summarizes efforts to improve electrochemical sensor technological readiness through (1) sensor testing in complex, high concentration molten salt systems to demonstrate low uncertainty actinide measurements in MSR-representative solutions and (2) demonstrations of sensor performance in challenging real-world conditions in collaboration with partner MSR institutions.

22 GENERAL STUDIES OF NUCLEAR REACTORS↗

DOE OSTI2021

Multielectrode Array Sensors to Enable Long-Duration Corrosion Monitoring and Control of Concentrating Solar Power Systems

Molten mixtures of MgCl2-KCl-NaCl are promising heat transfer fluid (HTF) candidates for the next generation of concentrating solar power systems (Gen3 CSP), because of their low cost, high decomposition temperature, and favorable heat transfer characteristics. However, if the chemistry of the salts is not properly controlled, molten chlorides can cause corrosion of high-temperature metal alloys, such as Inconel (R), in CSP systems. Here we demonstrate a corrosion monitoring system that can be used to monitor the health of the structural alloys over long durations. The monitoring system includes a multielectrode array voltammetry sensor that measures the redox potential of molten MgCl2-KCl-NaCl mixture as well as the presence of corrosion products and impurities. The sensors have been successfully operated in static molten salt environments for long durations, and are capable of detecting corrosion products, such as Cr2+ and Fe2+, quantitatively at low concentrations (i.e., approximately 100 ppm) with less than 4% error.

Concentrated solar power↗

DOE OSTI2025

Quantitative Voltammetry Measurements of High-Concentration Actinides in Molten Chloride Fuel Salts

Molten chloride mixtures containing high concentrations of UCl 3 (i.e., >70 wt%) are candidates for next-generation molten salt reactor (MSR) fuel salts that enable new plant optimization and fuel cycle strategies. MSR licensing, however, is contingent on the development of effective material control and accounting (MC&A) practices for these salts. To close this gap, we have developed an electroanalytical approach that enables accurate in situ measurements of uranium concentrations in these highly loaded fuel salts. This methodology uses a multielectrode array voltammetry sensor combined with digital simulations that account for non-idealities such as uncompensated resistance effects. The theory-based numerical simulations of voltammetry responses yielded correction factors that are agnostic of electrochemical cell geometry and produced consistent voltammetry peak current results when correcting for varying amounts of ohmic resistance. In doing so, we have demonstrated accurate concentration measurements for UCl 3 in LiCl-KCl-UCl 3 across a range of mass fractions between 55 and 72.3 wt% at 550 °C.

11 NUCLEAR FUEL CYCLE AND FUEL MATERIALS↗