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At least 19 records
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
NASA NTRS2008

Maui Analysis of Upper Atmospheric Injections

Maui Analysis of Upper Atmospheric Injections (MAUI) will observe the Space Shuttle engine exhaust plumes from the Maui Space Surveillance Site in Hawaii. The observations will occur when the Space Shuttle fires its engines at night or twilight. A telescope and all-sky imagers will take images and data while the Space Shuttle flies over the Maui site. The images will be analyzed to better understand the interaction between the spacecraft plume and the upper atmosphere of Earth.

Dressler, Rainer A.↗
NASA NTRS1978

High-precision gravimetric survey in support of lunar laser ranging at Haleakala, Maui, 1976 - 1978

The planning, observations and adjustment of high-precision gravity survey networks established on the islands of Maui and Oahu as part of the geodetic-geophysical program in support of lunar laser ranging at Haleakala, Maui, Hawaii are described. The gravity survey networks include 43 independently measured gravity differences along the gravity calibration line from Kahului Airport to the summit of Mt. Haleakala, together with some key points close to tidal gauges on Maui, and 40 gravity differences within metropolitan Honolulu. The results of the 1976-1978 survey are compared with surveys made in 1961 and in 1964-1965. All final gravity values are given in the system of the international gravity standardization net 1971 (IGSN 71); values are obtained by subtracting 14.57 mgal from the Potsdam value at the gravity base station at the Hickam Air Force Base, Honolulu.

Schenck, B. E.↗
NASA NTRSDate not supplied

Hawaii Water Resources: Monitoring the Impact of Land-Based Sources of Pollution on Water Quality Along the Coast of West Maui, Hawai'i, to Assess Coral Reef Condition

West Maui is at risk of losing ecosystem services provided by coral reefs due to land-based sources of pollution (LBSP). In 2011, the US Coral Reef Task Force (USCRTF) identified the West Maui watershed as a priority watershed (along with its sub-watersheds of Wahikuli, Honokōwai, Kahana, Honokahua, and Honolua) after decades of coral decline, giving rise to the multi-agency West Maui Ridge to Reef (R2R) Initiative. The DEVELOP Hawai’i Water Resources team partnered with the R2R Initiative and the Hawai’i Department of Land and Natural Resources Division of Aquatic Resources (DLNR-DAR) to address the need for better watershed management practices. The team provided the partners with a Google Earth Engine tool that displays land use and land cover changes (LULCC) in the five watersheds and detects near-shore turbidity, chlorophyll-a (chl-a), and sea surface temperature using Landsat 4 Thematic Mapper (TM), Landsat 5 TM, Landsat 7 Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus (ETM+), Landsat 8 Operational Land Imager (OLI), Terra Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS), and Aqua MODIS. Team members used ancillary data provided by the R2R Initiative and the USGS Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center (PCMSC) to validate satellite parameter values. The land cover analysis captured a general trend of increasing impervious cover and decreasing vegetated cover from 1989 to 2019; however, the extent of this change varied between each watershed. This analysis, coupled with the tool, can help project partners continually monitor terrestrial and marine patterns associated with coral decline.

Water Resources↗
NASA NTRS2001

Near-Earth Asteroid Tracking with the Maui Space Surveillance System (NEAT/MSSS)

Over the last year the Jet Propulsion Laboratory's (JPL) Near-Earth Asteroid Tracking (NEAT) program has made significant progress and now consists of two simultaneously-operating, autonomous search systems on the 1.2-m (48") telescopes: on the Maui Space Surveillance System (NEAT/MSSS) and NEAT/Palomar on the Palomar Observatory's Oschin telescope. This paper will focus exclusively on the NEAT/MSSS system. NEAT/MSSS is operated as a partnership between NASA/JPL and the United States Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL), utilizing the AFRL 1.2-m telescope on the 3000-m summit of Haleakala, Maui, The USAF Space Command (SPCMD) contributed financial support to build and install the 'NEAT focal reducer' on the MSSS 1.2-m telescope giving it a large field of view (2.5 square degrees), suitable for the near-earth object (NEO),both asteroids and comets, survey. This work was completed in February 2000. AFRL has made a commitment to NEAT/MSSS that allows NEAT to operate full time with the understanding that AFRL participate as partners in NEAT/MSSS and have use of the NEAT camera system for high priority satellite observations during bright time (parts of 12 nights each month). Currently, NEAT has discovered 42 NEAs including 12 larger than 1-km, 5 Potentially Hazardous Asteroids (PHAs), 6 comets, and nearly 25,000 asteroid detections since March 2000.

near-earth asteroids↗
NASA NTRS1978

High-precision laser distance measurement in support of lunar laser ranging at Haleakala, Maui, 1976-1977

The Hawaii Institute of Geophysics has implemented a comprehensive geodetic-geophysical support program to monitor local and regional crustal deformation on the island of Maui. Presented are the actual laser-measured line lengths and new coordinate computations of the line terminals, and the internal consistency of the measured line lengths is discussed. Several spacial chord lengths have been reduced to a Mercator plane, and conditioned adjustments on that plane have been made.

Berg, E.↗
NASA NTRS1990

Cosmogenic Be-10, Al-26, and He-3 in olivine from Maui lavas

This paper reports the presence of cosmogenic Be-10 and Al-26 in olivines from the Maui Haleakala basalts in which cosmogenic He-3 and Ne-21 were discovered. Based on production-rate calibrations in quartz crystals from late Pleistocene granite exposures in the Sierra Nevada, the Haleakala crater erosion rates derived from Be-10 and Al-26 concentrations agree within 10 percent and give a mean rate of 12 m/Myr, about 40 percent greater than the rate of 8.5 m/Myr previously derived from He-3 measurements. These results establish the feasibility of the simultaneous use of radioactive and stable cosmogenic nuclides for studies of exposure-ages and erosion-rates in basaltic and andesitic terrains.

Nishiizumi, K.↗
NASA NTRS2002

Concept for a Micro Autonomous Ultrasonic Instrument (MAUI)

We investigate a concept for the construction a mobile Micro Optical ElectroMechanical Systems (MOEMS) based laser ultrasonic instrument to serve as a Micro Autonomous Ultrasonic Instrument (MAUI). The system will consist of a laser ultrasonic instrument fabricated using Micro Electro-Mechanical Systems (MEMS) technology, and a MEMS based walking platform like those developed by Pister et al. at Berkeley. This small system will allow for automated remote Non-Destructive Evaluation (NDE) of aerospace vehicles.

Wilson, William C.↗
NASA NTRS1987

Cosmic-ray-produced neon and helium in the summit lavas of Maui

The identification of cosmic-ray-produced Ne-21c in addition to He-3c, components attributed to cosmic ray-induced spallation reactions, are reported in gases extracted by fusion of olivines and clinopyroxenes after vacuum-crushing. The observed (He-3/Ne-21)c ratios and the ratio of Ne-21c in olivine to that in clinopyroxene are consistent with an in situ origin of He-3c and Ne-21c by cosmic-ray spallation reactions. These components could be important for interpreting helium isotopic data in terrestrial reservoirs. Geophysical applications could include determinations of erosion rates and exposure histories of terrestrial rocks.

Marti, K.↗
NASA NTRS1991

Joint U.S./Japan Conference on Adaptive Structures, 1st, Maui, HI, Nov. 13-15, 1990, Proceedings

The present volume of adaptive structures discusses the development of control laws for an orbiting tethered antenna/reflector system test scale model, the sizing of active piezoelectric struts for vibration suppression on a space-based interferometer, the control design of a space station mobile transporter with multiple constraints, and optimum configuration control of an intelligent truss structure. Attention is given to the formulation of full state feedback for infinite order structural systems, robustness issues in the design of smart structures, passive piezoelectric vibration damping, shape control experiments with a functional model for large optical reflectors, and a mathematical basis for the design optimization of adaptive trusses in precision control. Topics addressed include approaches to the optimal adaptive geometries of intelligent truss structures, the design of an automated manufacturing system for tubular smart structures, the Sandia structural control experiments, and the zero-gravity dynamics of space structures in parabolic aircraft flight.

Wada, Ben K.↗
NASA NTRS1994

Short term responses of nitrogen trace gas emissions to nitrogen fertilization in tropical sugar cane: Variations due to soils and management practices

Nitrogen (N) fertilization of agricultural systems is thought to be a major source of the increase in atmospheric N2O; NO emissions from soils have also been shown to increase due to N fertilization. While N fertilizer use is increasing rapidly in the developing world and in the tropics, nearly all of our information on gas emissions is derived from studies of temperate zone agriculture. Using chambers, we measured fluxes of N2O and NO following urea fertilization in tropical sugar cane systems growing on a variety of soil types in the Hawaiian Islands, USA. On the island of Maui, where urea is applied in irrigation lines and soils are mollisols and inceptisols, N2O fluxes were elevated for a week or less following fertilization; maximum average fluxes were typically less than 30 ng cm(exp -2)/ h. NO fluxes were often an order of magnitude less than N2O. Together, N2O and NO represented from 0.01 - 0.5% of the applied N. In fields on the island of Hawaii, where urea is broadcast on the surface and soils are andisols, N2O fluxes were similar in magnitude to Maui but remained elevated for much longer periods after fertilization. NO emissions were 2-5 times higher than N2O through most of the sampling periods. Together the gases loss represented approximately 1. 1 - 3% of the applied N. Laboratory studies indicate that denitrification is a critical source of N2O in Maui, but that nitrification is more important in Hawaii. Experimental studies suggest that differences in the pattern of N2O/NO and the processes producing them are a result of both carbon availability and placement of fertilizer, and that the more information-intensive fertilizer management practice results in lower emissions.

Matson, P. A.↗
NASA NTRS1972

Trace ferric ion in lunar and meteoritic titanaugites.

Evidence for presence of Fe(3+) in lunar rocks is furnished by heating them in air to 200-225 C for two hours. This causes a large decrease in the same charge transfer bands attributed to Fe(3+) that can be enhanced by heating the same rocks in air at 500 C. This is interpreted as evidence that the Fe(3+) was not in equilibrium in the melt but was produced by cosmic radiation subsequent to the rock formation. Possible tetrahedrally coordinated Fe(3+) is present in the meteoritic and lunar augites as suggested by comparison of their spectra to that of terrestrial augite high in Fe(3+). This would have been present in the original melt and is distinct from radiation produced Fe(3+) in the M-sites. The polarized absorption spectra of single crystal pigeonite and augite from rock 12021 before heating, and augite from 12018 after heating are compared to that of meteoritic titanaugite in the Angra dos Reis meteorite and terrestrial titanaugite from Maui, Hawaii. The absorption spectrum of meteoritic hypersthene (Tatahouine) is also included for comparison to the pigeonite.

Cohen, A. J.↗
NASA NTRS1972

Geos 1 Secor observations in the Pacific /Solution SP 7/.

Secor observations have defined a geodetic network extending through the Pacific Ocean from Japan, with three stations on the Japanese datum, to the west coast of the United States. Thus this network was connected to major datums on both ends. However, observations on Geos 1 were taken only in the middle of the network, from Truk Island to Maui, so that the network determined by Geos 1 observations alone is not directly attached to any major geodetic datum. A little-known procedure called 'inner adjustment' was found to be the appropriate method to define a coordinate system for the adjustment of the isolated network and to determine the inner consistency of the observations. The network was indirectly tied to the North American datum by the use of (1) satellite observing stations of other observing systems whose coordinates were previously determined, (2) relative positions of these and nearby Secor stations, as determined by local surveys, and (3) geodetic heights composed of leveled (orthometric) heights plus geoid heights obtained from a geoid map.

Mueller, I. I.↗
NASA NTRS1973

A multi-channel coronal spectrophotometer.

We describe a new multi-channel coronal spectrophotometer system, presently being installed at Mees Solar Observatory, Mount Haleakala, Maui. The apparatus is designed to record and interpret intensities from many sections of the visible and near-visible spectral regions simultaneously, with relatively high spatial and temporal resolution. The detector, a thermoelectrically cooled silicon vidicon camera tube, has its central target area divided into a rectangular array of about 100,000 pixels and is read out in a slow-scan (about 2 sec/frame) mode. Instrument functioning is entirely under PDP 11/45 computer control, and interfacing is via the CAMAC system.

Landman, D. A.↗
NASA NTRS1974

Catalog of data summary of airglow observations obtained at Haleakala, Hawaii

The airglow studies were initiated in July 1961 in response to the discovery of unusual phenomena in the tropical airglow as observed from Algeria. Hawaii, being the southern-most area in the United States and within the tropics, and possessing high mountains with frequent clear skies well isolated from the contaminating light and dust of civilization, appeared to be an ideal location for establishing a tropical airglow station. The University of Hawaii was already developing the Mees Solar Laboratory on Haleakala on the island of Maui, so that the addition of a night sky observatory was a natural development. The collection of data covers a span of about seven and one-half years, including the minimum of the solar cycle in 1963 and just getting into the next maximum in 1968-69. It was unfortunate that financial limitations did not permit the continuation of the observations through one complete solar cycle.

Steiger, W. R.↗
NASA NTRS1974

Aerial reconnaissance over the island of Hawaii

The flight sequence in this guide is nominal and based on optimum weather conditions; it may be altered, depending upon weather and visibility. Also included at the end of the flight sequence for the island of Hawaii are sections for parts of Maui (Haleakala Volcano) and Molokai, which will be flown if Hawaii is completely obscured at flight time.

Greeley, R.↗