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At least 19 records
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
NASA NTRS1992

Southern Hemisphere Lidar Measurements of the Aerosol Clouds from Mt. Pinatubo and Mt. Hudson

On 19 Jul., 1991, during tests to determine the ability of the newly-modified CSIRO Ns:YAG lidar to measure signals from the stratosphere before the arrival of dust from the eruption of Mt. Pinatubo, a strongly scattering layer was detected at an altitude of 2 km. That evening, the spectacular sunset and twilight were typical of volcanically disturbed conditions. Lidar measurements at 532 nm were made between 1400 and 1500 EST (0400-0500 UT) on 19 Jul. through broken cloud. Approximately 3800 laser firings were averaged in 256 shot blocks. These and subsequent data have been analyzed to produce profiles of aerosol volume backscatter function and scattering ratio. Clouds again prevented a clear view of the twilights on the next two nights, although there was some evidence for an enhanced glow. The evidence suggested that the aerosol layer had disappeared. An explanation for this disappearance and the earlier than expected arrival of the layer over Melbourne was required. Nimbus 7 TOMS data for 23 Jun. showed that the SO2 from the eruption had extended at least 11000 km to the west and that the southern boundary of the cloud had reached 15 degrees S just 8 days after the climactic eruption. It can be assumed that this cloud also contained dust and sulphuric acid aerosol. It was proposed that a section had then been broken away from the main cloud and carried south by a large scale eddy between the low latitude easterlies and the strong mid-latitude westerlies which finally carried the aerosol cloud over southern Australia. Accompanying 30 mb wind data showed a counter clockwise circulation, responsible for the transport, located in the South Atlantic Ocean.

Young, Stuart A.↗
DOE OSTI2022

Geothermal Fault Zone and Fluid Imaging through Joint Airborne ZTEM and Ground MT Data Inversion Analysis

This project has aimed to achieve detailed electrical resistivity resolution at geothermal reservoir scales by combining airborne natural electromagnetic (EM) field surveying (ZTEM) with ground magnetotelluric (MT) measurements to approximate an airborne MT geophysical method. MT alone is relatively expensive and may have permitting challenges in sensitive areas. Airborne ZTEM field data contains only the magnetic field, requires a background assumption, and has been limited to relatively high frequencies, thus suffering uniqueness problems. Based on proto-type 2D simulations, ZTEM ambiguities may be reduced through formal incorporation with possibly sparse ground MT soundings, which we pursued in full 3D for this project. The methodology was tested at the high-temperature Roosevelt Hot Springs geothermal system, Utah, which was considered advantageous given the near total exposure of crystalline reservoir rocks across the project area. ZTEM and ground MT survey data were acquired in 2017, subcontracted to outside parties with which we have worked in the past. These included 80 remote-referenced tensor MT soundings over the Mineral Mountains and adjacent Roosevelt Hot Spring producing geothermal system. These MT stations abut later coverage of a similar number of MT stations taken for the Utah FORGE project providing excellent total data aperture to re-solve structure beneath both project areas better than either set alone. The airborne ZTEM survey covered 704 line kilometers in E-W flight lines with a 250 m line spacing. Although this survey was timed during a maintenance-related shutdown of power production at the Roosevelt Hot Springs, other noise sources difficult to identify but including two high-voltage state-scale transmission lines compromised the ZTEM survey badly leading to unusable responses. Thus, with DOE management concurrence, the project proceeded to emphasize inversion and interpretation of the joint SubTER-FORGE MT data sets with regard to the Roosevelt Hot Springs reservoir recharge and to deep heat sources for both it and the Utah FORGE EGS project area. We also investigated the joint ZTEM-MT sampling concept with data sets from the Eleven Mile Canyon prospect area donated by the U.S. Navy (A. Sabin, PoC). Inversion of the SubTER-FORGE MT data using the HexMT 3D finite element algorithm reveals a large, low-resistivity anomaly extending sub-vertically through the depth range of the crust beneath the western Mineral Mountains. The steep conductive zone connects in the lower crust to a more tabular conductor characteristic of much of the Great Basin that generally is ascribed to current mafic magmatic underplating, hybridization and fluid release. The location of the resolved anomaly relative to the recent (0.5-0.8 Ma) eruptive centers of the Mineral Mountains implicates it as remnants of the magma body which fed these centers. This structure appears to be currently feeding heat and fluids upward into the Roosevelt Hot Springs hydrothermal system, as well as heat laterally to the FORGE project area. Separate and joint inversion models were carried out for the donated Eleven Mile Canyon MT-ZTEM data set to demonstrate concept. ZTEM only inversion showed two main alteration zones in the western portion of the project area known from geological mapping. Joint inversion including an E-W profile of MT soundings sharpened these features considerably. It also resolved in much greater detail the graben related normal faulting structure of the central project area which lies at depths exceeding the sensitivity of ZTEM alone. The sparse number of MT da-ta relative to the ZTEM required upweighting the former by a factor of several, but an exact procedure awaits future research. Our final impression is that sparse MT data can improve resolution of the subsurface over that of ZTEM alone. However, well sampled MT data are to be preferred and offer the simplicity of interpreting just one data type, and possess the superior resolution capability coming with the electric field everywhere, and from their high bandwidth.

15 GEOTHERMAL ENERGY↗
DOE OSTI2022

The Geology of The Mt. Simon Sandstone Storage Complex at the Wabash #1 Well, Vigo Co., Indiana (Subtask 7.2, Technical Report)

The Wabash CarbonSAFE project drilled the Wabash #1 stratigraphic test well (ID# 168045) at the Wabash Valley Resources (WVR) IGCC facility in Vigo County, Indiana, to characterize and evaluate the basal Cambrian Mt. Simon Sandstone for commercial-scale CO 2 storage near the site. This report presents an extensive geologic characterization of the Mt. Simon storage complex and relevant data collected from the Wabash #1 well, such as lithologic data collected from cuttings and core, geophysical logging, geomechanical analysis of core samples, and well testing and fluid sampling within the Mt. Simon Sandstone. The Mt. Simon storage complex comprises two major sections: the Mt. Simon Sandstone as the potential reservoir and the overlying Eau Claire Formation as its primary seal. Within the report, an extensive depositional, sedimentological, and geochronologic characterization of the Mt. Simon is included with supportive chapters on the regional geology and the geophysical, petrophysical, and petrologic data collected during the project. An overview of 2D seismic reflection data collected from and around the test well is presented. Also presented are chapters on the characterization of the sealing Eau Claire Formation, including a chapter on the capacity of the primary and secondary seals to the Mt. Simon as well as a chapter on geomechanical testing results of the Eau Claire Formation and Mt. Simon Sandstone. Some of the information discussed in this report was used in the development of static and dynamic geologic models of the Mt. Simon Sandstone storage complex. The static and dynamic modeling of CO 2 injection in the Mt. Simon Sandstone are discussed in a separate report (Dessenberger et al., 2022) under the Wabash CarbonSAFE project.

29 ENERGY PLANNING, POLICY, AND ECONOMY↗
DOE OSTI2020

Utah FORGE: Phase 3 Magnetotelluric (MT) Data

New high-quality tensor MT data at 122 sites, including the vertical magnetic field and utilizing ultra-remote referencing, have been acquired over the Utah FORGE project area. The results will be used to delineate the densities of faults and fractures in crystalline basement rocks, to define the heat sources, and to derive baseline 3D resistivity structure for later MT monitoring of temporal changes in resistivity structure following well stimulation in the EGS reservoir. There are three files here related to Utah FORGE magnetotelluric (MT) data acquisition and processing. The FORGE MT EDIs zip file contains the observed MT responses in industry-standard EDI format. For each site, there is an EDI response file that utilized a local independent reference for noise cancellation, and a file that utilized a distant reference cancelling noise associated with the DC transmission line of the Delta IPP passing down the west side of Milford Valley. These two site files could be merged as appropriate. The FORGE Model Cell Center file contains the model volume of the 3D Forge MT inversion for characterizing the resistivity structure in the project area. It was derived using finite element inversion methodology described in Wannamaker et al, in the attached FORGE Phase3 Geophysics paper, from the MT observation EDI files. It is ASCII format (.dat) and entries are defined at top of the file in a simple x-y-z-Rho listing in UTM coordinates. The element layers drape the topography so the Rho value layers are not purely horizontal slices. This greatly simplifies the listing.

15 GEOTHERMAL ENERGY↗
NASA NTRS2014

The Formation and Erosion History of Mt. Sharp

The Curiosity rover is exploring 155 km diameter Gale crater and Mt. Sharp, Gale's 5 km high central mound (Fig. 1). This study addresses the formation and erosion history of Mt. Sharp. Gale lies on the topographic dichotomy between the southern highlands and the northern plains - a drop of over 2 km [1,2]. Altitude differences between the north and south rim reflect this regional slope, as do altitude differences between the deep annulus north of Mt. Sharp and the southern crater floor. Orbiter and rover images demonstrate that most exposed areas on Mt. Sharp consist of thin, sub-parallel units interpreted as sedimentary layers [3]. Gale is typical of the 50 large martian craters that have been totally or partially filled with such layers [4,5]. In many craters these sediments have been deeply eroded. Central Peak and Peak Ring: The highest point on Mt. Sharp, near the crater's center, is interpreted as a central peak [6]. The peak has a massive lower portion and a thin, smooth capping deposit (Fig. 2). Gale's size is transitional between martian craters with single central peaks and craters with peak rings approximately half the crater's diameter [2,6]. The boundaries of Mt. Sharp, as well as an arc of hills to the southeast of the mountain, closely match a circle approximately 80 km in diameter (Fig. 3). This morphology suggests that the Gale impact may have formed both a central peak and a partial peak ring, which is covered by the sediments of Mt. Sharp in the north and possibly exposed in the arc of eroded hills in the southeast quadrant (Figs. 3,4).

Allen, Carlton C.↗
DOE OSTI2022

Illitization in the Mt. Simon Sandstone, Illinois Basin, USA: Implications for carbon dioxide storage

Clay mineral cementation is one of the most important controls on sandstone reservoir properties. Here, in this paper, the diagenetic history of the Mt. Simon reservoir complex is studied to reveal the origin, timing, and controls of illitization. Samples of sandstone and shale from Mt. Simon reservoir complex were acquired from the Illinois Basin–Decatur Project (IBDP), a CO 2 storage demonstration project in the central Illinois Basin. Petrographic, SEM, TEM, XRD analyses and K/Ar age dating were completed to identify the major detrital and diagenetic components of the samples and reveal illite to be the major clay component in all samples. Illitic clay coatings in the lower Mt. Simon reservoir are identified as a major control on reservoir properties by inhibiting major precipitation of authigenic quartz during illitization, resulting in highly permeable sandstone, essential for CO 2 storage. The coating box-work morphology and mineralogy are indicative of a detrital smectite origin with subsequent illite growth associated with feldspar dissolution and kaolinite alteration. The mineralogy of bulk material and separate grain size fractions (2–0.6 μm; 0.6–0.2 μm; < 0.2 μm) with illite polytypes 2M 1 , 1M, and 1M d were quantified and age dated via 40 K- 40 Ar methods. The shales or reservoir seals contain the highest proportions of detrital illite with illite in the lower Mt. Simon Sandstone reservoir identified as solely diagenetic. Two major events of illitization are identified throughout the Mt. Simon with more porous reservoir rock exhibiting the older event from approximately 360 to 315 Ma and tighter sandstone units with reservoir properties too low to be considered reservoir exhibiting illite dates from 250 to 220 Ma. This partitioning of illitization is attributed to varied mineralogy controlled by depositional changes and evolution of the greater basin.

58 GEOSCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2024

Photonuclear Reaction Types Map to ENDF Reaction Type Numbers MT

In the ENDF format, photonuclear cross secCons are stored in File = 3 under the NSUB = 0 sub-library. The type of reacCon data and the products resulCng from that reacCon are idenCfied by an integer number from 1 to 999, called MT number. However, the ENDF manual is wriPen with a strong focus on neutron induced reacCons and the meaning of MT numbers in the context of photonuclear reacCons can be at Cmes confusing and the assessment of evaluated photonuclear data may require summing various MT numbers to obtain the desired cross secCons to compare with experimental data. An important step in assessing the quality of evaluated data for photonuclear cross secCons is therefore to clarify the mapping between MT numbers and the nomenclature used to describe photonuclear reacCons in the literature. The intent of this document is to provide such a map.

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗
NASA NTRS2004

Post Eruption Hazards at Mt. Pinatubo, Philippines

Our project focused on the investigation of the post-eruption hazards at Mt. Pinatubo (Philippines) using remote sensing data, and field observations of the 1991 eruption deposits. Through the use of multiple satellite images, field work, and the 1996/2000 PacRim data sets, we conducted studies of the co- and post-eruption hazards of the volcano due to erosion and re-deposition of the extensive pyroclastic flow deposits. A major part of this project was the assembly and analysis of a database of over 50 high resolution (1 - 50 m/pixel) images that will facilitate this study. We collected Ikonos, SPOT, SIR-C/X-SAR, Landsat, ERS, RADARSAT, and ASTER images of the area around Mt. Pinatubo. An example of the changes that could be seen in these data is shown. Our investigation focused on a retrospective analysis of the erosion, redeposition, and re-vegetation of the 1991 pyroclastic flow deposits of Mt. Pinatubo. The primary geologic goal of our work was the analysis of the spatial distribution and volume change of the sources and sinks of materials associated with mudflow ('lahar') events. This included the measurement of river valley gradients and cross-sections using TOPSAR digital elevation data, as we are participating in the PacRim 2000 deployment to the Philippines specifically so that we can collect a second set of TOPSAR data that can then be used to create a topographic difference image of the volcano. The main results from this multi-sensor study have been published as Torres et al.. A discussion of the methodology that we used to assemble an appropriate database was included in Mouginis-Mark and Domergue-Schmidt. As part of an educational outreach effort, we also helped the Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology (PHIVOLCS) in the Philippines to use NASA data to study Mt. Pinatubo and other Filipino volcanoes.

Mouginis-Mark, Peter J.↗
NASA NTRS2011

Influence of Aerosol Heating on the Stratospheric Transport of the Mt. Pinatubo Eruption

On June 15th, 1991 the eruption of Mt. Pinatubo (15.1 deg. N, 120.3 Deg. E) in the Philippines injected about 20 Tg of sulfur dioxide in the stratosphere, which was transformed into sulfuric acid aerosol. The large perturbation of the background aerosol caused an increase in temperature in the lower stratosphere of 2-3 K. Even though stratospheric winds climatological]y tend to hinder the air mixing between the two hemispheres, observations have shown that a large part of the SO2 emitted by Mt. Pinatubo have been transported from the Northern to the Southern Hemisphere. We simulate the eruption of Mt. Pinatubo with the Goddard Earth Observing System (GEOS) version 5 global climate model, coupled to the aerosol module GOCART and the stratospheric chemistry module StratChem, to investigate the influence of the eruption of Mt. Pinatubo on the stratospheric transport pattern. We perform two ensembles of simulations: the first ensemble consists of runs without coupling between aerosol and radiation. In these simulations the plume of aerosols is treated as a passive tracer and the atmosphere is unperturbed. In the second ensemble of simulations aerosols and radiation are coupled. We show that the set of runs with interactive aerosol produces a larger cross-equatorial transport of the Pinatubo cloud. In our simulations the local heating perturbation caused by the sudden injection of volcanic aerosol changes the pattern of the stratospheric winds causing more intrusion of air from the Northern into the Southern Hemisphere. Furthermore, we perform simulations changing the injection height of the cloud, and study the transport of the plume resulting from the different scenarios. Comparisons of model results with SAGE II and AVHRR satellite observations will be shown.

Aquila, Valentina↗
NASA NTRS2013

The Multi-Stage History of Mt. Sharp

The Curiosity rover is exploring Gale crater and Mt. Sharp, Gale's 5‐km high central mound. We are investigating the history of alteration and erosion of Mt. Sharp using orbital imagery, spectroscopy and rover observations. Our results suggest a significant time gap between emplacement of the upper and lower sections of the mound. Crater counts show that the lower mound was formed soon after Gale itself, and that it contains distinct units ranging in altitude from approximately ‐4,500 to ‐1,800 m. Spectral data suggest that many units contain phyllosilicates. We found that these clay‐bearing rocks occur in distinct layers concentrated below ‐2,900 m. Parts of the lower mound exhibit a transition from clays to sulfates with increasing altitude. The lower mound shows evidence of flowing water, including canyons and inverted channels. Wind erosion produced km‐scale yardangs and scalloped cliffs. Our mapping shows that many yardangs in the lower mound are clay‐bearing, with a predominant orientation of around N‐S. Curiosity's ground‐level images show myriad fine‐scale, mainly horizontal layers in the lower mound. The rover has found stream beds and conglomerates, indicating that water once flowed on the crater floor. Drilling near the deepest point in Gale produced abundant clay, providing additional evidence of aqueous alteration. Upper mound units range in altitude from ‐2,100 m to +500 m, and mantle the lower mound above an angular unconformity. Most upper mound units are composed of layers. The formation age of the upper mound is unknown, since few craters are preserved. Clay‐bearing layers are detectable in several locations, mainly at altitudes near ‐2,000 m. There is no evidence of water flow, but wind erosion has scalloped the surfaces and edges of layers, and fine‐scale yardangs are common. Correlations between yardangs and clay spectra are apparent only in the lowermost units of the upper mound. Yardang orientations vary, and include N‐S, NW‐SE, and NE‐SW. Upper mound units resemble the planet‐wide Medusae Fossae formation, dated as Hesperian and argued to be composed of ignimbrites. Medusae Fossae layers are easily eroded by wind, and our mapping demonstrates their resemblance to upper mound fine‐scale yardangs. The history of Mt. Sharp started with deposition and lithification of sediments shortly after crater formation. Some lower mound layers were partially altered to clays and sulfates, and water formed streams and canyons. Wind erosion of the lower mound produced large‐scale yardangs, particularly in clay‐rich layers, oriented generally N‐S. Upper mound units were emplaced following a considerable period of wind erosion. The absence of water flow on the upper mound suggests that these units were emplaced after atmospheric loss rendered water unstable at the surface. The shift in dominant wind direction, as indicated by yardang orientations, also argues for a time gap between erosion of the lower and upper mound. These observations are consistent with upper mound units being related to the Hesperian Medusae Fossae formation. During 2014 Curiosity is expected to reach the foot of Mt. Sharp and ascend through the clay‐rich layers, into the sulfate‐rich layers, and possibly past the interface with the upper mound. This will be a unique opportunity to field check geologic models on the surface of Mars.

Allen, C.↗
NASA NTRSDate not supplied

HCN emissions from the explosive volcanic eruption of Mt. Pinatubo, Philippines, in June 1991

In June 1991, Mt. Pinatubo explosively erupted magma and overlying rock, with ejecta reaching stratospheric altitudes. The sulphate aerosol burden resulting from the 1991 eruption was still measurable in 1992 and its complete removal took 5-6 years. Here we present new analyses of measurements by the ATMOS instrument on the Atlas-1 Space Shuttle mission and the MkIV balloon interferometer in 1992 that show about 40-50 ppt of unexpected excess HCN in the middle stratosphere. HCN has no stratospheric sources and a lifetime of several years. Multi-year runs with the GEOS-Chem Chemistry-Transport model have been performed in order to derive the most plausible HCN injection amounts. The overall structure of the modeled HCN agrees reasonably well with observations by MkIV and ATMOS. The current best estimate is an emission of about 6 kt of HCN into the stratosphere at an altitude of about 23 km. This compares to a total gas emission in the order of 70-700 Mt, based on an emission of 14 Mt SO2 and an SO2/total gas ratio of 2% - 20%. We will discuss possible sources and formation mechanisms of the HCN. These include abiotic formation during or prior to the eruption and may involve HCN accumulated in the subaerial volcanic-hydrothermal system of Mt. Pinatubo. We present results from thermochemical equilibrium calculations as well as photochemical plume modeling in order to provide plausibility constraints on the source of the HCN.

Armin Kleinboehl↗
DOE OSTI2025

A Multivariate Space‐Time Dynamic Model for Characterizing the Atmospheric Impacts Following the Mt. Pinatubo Eruption

The June 1991 Mt. Pinatubo eruption resulted in a massive increase of sulfate aerosols in the atmosphere, absorbing radiation and leading to global changes in surface and stratospheric temperatures. A volcanic eruption of this magnitude serves as a natural analog for stratospheric aerosol injection, a proposed solar radiation modification method to combat a warming climate. The impacts of such an event are multifaceted and region-specific. Our goal is to characterize the multivariate and dynamic nature of the atmospheric impacts following the Mt. Pinatubo eruption. We developed a multivariate space-time dynamic linear model to understand the full extent of the spatially- and temporally-varying impacts. Specifically, spatial variation is modeled using a flexible set of basis functions for which the basis coefficients are allowed to vary in time through a vector autoregressive (VAR) structure. This novel model is cast in a Dynamic Linear Model (DLM) framework and estimated via a customized MCMC approach. We demonstrate how the model quantifies the relationships between key atmospheric parameters prior to and following the Mt. Pinatubo eruption with reanalysis data from MERRA-2 and highlight when such a model is advantageous over univariate models.

Dynamic Linear Model↗
DOE OSTI2021

Impact of exposure to brine/CO 2 on the mechanical and transport properties of the Mt. Simon Sandstone

When sandstone rocks are exposed to CO 2 -saturated brine, their transport and mechanical properties can, potentially, change due to chemical reactions as a result of such exposure. This paper investigates changes in the flow-through characteristics, porosity, and the mechanical properties of Mt. Simon Sandstone samples caused by such exposure to brine/CO 2 . A core, extracted from the Mt. Simon formation, was first characterized for its porosity and relevant transport properties, and it was then aged for over 500 hr in CO 2 -saturated brine at formation-relevant pressure, temperature, and confining stress conditions. The deformation of the sample was measured in situ during aging via strain gauges attached to the core's surface. Following the aging experiment, the sample's porosity and transport properties were again analyzed. Our experiments show that both the porosity and permeability of the Mt. Simon sandstone sample increase due to exposure to brine/CO 2 , with the impact on permeability being more significant. The deformation measurements employing strain gauges indicate a weakening of the core material. Analysis of the composition of the brine at the conclusion of the testing reveals changes, specifically, an increase in the concentration of several of the cations. These changes are indicative of mineral/clay dissolution, consistent with the porosity, permeability, and strain gauge measurements.

58 GEOSCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2020

Synergistic ground and orbital observations of iron oxides on Mt. Sharp and Vera Rubin ridge

Visible/short-wave infrared spectral data from the Compact Reconnaissance Imaging Spectrometer for Mars (CRISM) show absorptions attributed to hematite at Vera Rubin ridge (VRR), a topographic feature on northwest Mt. Sharp. The goals of this study are to determine why absorptions caused by ferric iron are strongly visible from orbit at VRR, and to improve interpretation of CRISM data throughout lower Mt. Sharp. These goals are achieved by analyzing coordinated CRISM and in situ spectral data along the Curiosity Mars rover’s traverse. VRR bedrock within areas that have the deepest ferric absorptions in CRISM data also have the deepest ferric absorptions measured in situ. This suggests strong ferric absorptions are visible from orbit at VRR because of the unique spectral properties of VRR bedrock. Dust and mixing with basaltic sand additionally inhibit the ability to measure ferric absorptions in bedrock stratigraphically below VRR from orbit. There are two implications of these findings: (1) Ferric absorptions in CRISM data initially dismissed as noise could be real, and ferric phases are more widespread in lower Mt. Sharp than previously reported, (2) Patches with the deepest ferric absorptions in CRISM data are, like VRR, reflective of deeper absorptions in the bedrock. One model to explain this spectral variability is late-stage diagenetic fluids that changed the grain size of ferric phases, deepening absorptions. Curiosity’s experience highlights the strengths of using CRISM data for spectral absorptions and associated mineral detections, and the caveats in using these data for geologic interpretations and strategic path planning tools.

58 GEOSCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2025

AmeriFlux FLUXNET-1F US-MtB Mt Bigelow

This is the AmeriFlux Management Project (AMP) created FLUXNET-1F version of the carbon flux data for the site US-MtB Mt Bigelow. This is the FLUXNET version of the carbon flux data for the site US-MtB Mt Bigelow produced by applying the standard ONEFlux (1F) software. Site Description - Western slope of Mt. Bigelow; 29 km NE of Tucson, AZ, USA; Mixed evergreen conifer forest; Average canopy height = 10 m; Summer monsoon; 30-m tower installed in 2002; Secondary forest re-established in the 1930s

Barron-Gafford, Greg [University of Arizona]↗
DOE OSTI2024

Multi-Scale 3D Imaging for Machine Learning Property Upscaling: Mt. Simon Sandstone Case Study

Petrographic properties of principal target reservoirs for carbon sequestration, such as the Mt. Simon Sandstone, are relevant to broad interest groups. The Mt. Simon Sandstone is a deep, saline, regionally extensive Cambrian sandstone, overlain by low permeability sealing formations, making it one of the viable geologic carbon storage reservoirs in the Midwestern US. Its thickness (exceeding 2400 ft in some localities), depth, and lateral extent, combined with high porosity and permeability make it a high-priority target of multiple ongoing geologic carbon sequestration efforts in the United States of America. The National Energy Technology Laboratory in Morgantown, West Virginia, has been engaged in characterization efforts of the Mt. Simon for over a decade, with a strong focus on Computed Tomographic data acquisition. Data generated during this period has been hitherto not accessible to the public. This archival effort focused on preservation of historical CT data and associated metadata, and facilitating their accessibility, culminating with the publication of the entire dataset on NETL’s Energy Data eXchange (EDX) and the associated Gill et. al (2024) paper.

Gill, Magdalena K.↗