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All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on LiSn(PO3)4 by Materials Project

LiSn(PO3)4 crystallizes in the triclinic P1 space group. The structure is two-dimensional and consists of one LiSn(PO3)4 sheet oriented in the (0, -1, 1) direction. there are two inequivalent Li1+ sites. In the first Li1+ site, Li1+ is bonded in a 2-coordinate geometry to three O2- atoms. There are a spread of Li–O bond distances ranging from 1.54–2.34 Å. In the second Li1+ site, Li1+ is bonded in a 2-coordinate geometry to three O2- atoms. There are a spread of Li–O bond distances ranging from 1.53–2.31 Å. There are two inequivalent Sn3+ sites. In the first Sn3+ site, Sn3+ is bonded in a distorted square co-planar geometry to four O2- atoms. There are a spread of Sn–O bond distances ranging from 1.62–2.35 Å. In the second Sn3+ site, Sn3+ is bonded in a square co-planar geometry to four O2- atoms. There are a spread of Sn–O bond distances ranging from 1.65–2.32 Å. There are eight inequivalent P5+ sites. In the first P5+ site, P5+ is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to three O2- atoms. There are a spread of P–O bond distances ranging from 1.41–1.56 Å. In the second P5+ site, P5+ is bonded in a 2-coordinate geometry to four O2- atoms. There are a spread of P–O bond distances ranging from 1.22–2.13 Å. In the third P5+ site, P5+ is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to four O2- atoms. There are a spread of P–O bond distances ranging from 1.07–2.16 Å. In the fourth P5+ site, P5+ is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to four O2- atoms. There are a spread of P–O bond distances ranging from 1.12–2.30 Å. In the fifth P5+ site, P5+ is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to four O2- atoms. There are a spread of P–O bond distances ranging from 1.13–2.30 Å. In the sixth P5+ site, P5+ is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to five O2- atoms. There are a spread of P–O bond distances ranging from 1.07–2.49 Å. In the seventh P5+ site, P5+ is bonded in a 2-coordinate geometry to four O2- atoms. There are a spread of P–O bond distances ranging from 1.20–2.14 Å. In the eighth P5+ site, P5+ is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to three O2- atoms. There are a spread of P–O bond distances ranging from 1.40–1.57 Å. There are twenty-four inequivalent O2- sites. In the first O2- site, O2- is bonded in a bent 150 degrees geometry to one Sn3+ and one P5+ atom. In the second O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 2-coordinate geometry to one Li1+, one Sn3+, and one P5+ atom. In the third O2- site, O2- is bonded in a bent 120 degrees geometry to two P5+ atoms. In the fourth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one P5+ atom. In the fifth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted single-bond geometry to one P5+ atom. In the sixth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted single-bond geometry to one P5+ atom. In the seventh O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted water-like geometry to one Sn3+ and one P5+ atom. In the eighth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted bent 120 degrees geometry to one Li1+ and one P5+ atom. In the ninth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a bent 120 degrees geometry to two P5+ atoms. In the tenth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one P5+ atom. In the eleventh O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 1-coordinate geometry to two P5+ atoms. In the twelfth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to one Li1+, one Sn3+, and one P5+ atom. In the thirteenth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to one Li1+, one Sn3+, and one P5+ atom. In the fourteenth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 1-coordinate geometry to three P5+ atoms. In the fifteenth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one P5+ atom. In the sixteenth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a bent 120 degrees geometry to two P5+ atoms. In the seventeenth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted bent 120 degrees geometry to one Li1+ and one P5+ atom. In the eighteenth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted water-like geometry to one Sn3+ and one P5+ atom. In the nineteenth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted single-bond geometry to one P5+ atom. In the twentieth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted single-bond geometry to one P5+ atom. In the twenty-first O2- site, O2- is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one P5+ atom. In the twenty-second O2- site, O2- is bonded in a bent 120 degrees geometry to two P5+ atoms. In the twenty-third O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 2-coordinate geometry to one Li1+, one Sn3+, and one P5+ atom. In the twenty-fourth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a bent 150 degrees geometry to one Sn3+ and one P5+ atom.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on LiSn by Materials Project

LiSn crystallizes in the tetragonal I4_1/amd space group. The structure is three-dimensional. there are two inequivalent Li sites. In the first Li site, Li is bonded in a 12-coordinate geometry to eight Sn atoms. There are a spread of Li–Sn bond distances ranging from 3.11–3.17 Å. In the second Li site, Li is bonded in a 12-coordinate geometry to eight Sn atoms. There are four shorter (3.05 Å) and four longer (3.14 Å) Li–Sn bond lengths. There are three inequivalent Sn sites. In the first Sn site, Sn is bonded to eight Li and four equivalent Sn atoms to form a mixture of distorted corner and face-sharing SnLi8Sn4 cuboctahedra. All Sn–Sn bond lengths are 3.05 Å. In the second Sn site, Sn is bonded in a 12-coordinate geometry to eight Li and two equivalent Sn atoms. In the third Sn site, Sn is bonded in a 12-coordinate geometry to eight Li and two equivalent Sn atoms. There are a spread of Sn–Li bond distances ranging from 3.05–3.15 Å. Both Sn–Sn bond lengths are 3.05 Å.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on LiSn by Materials Project

LiSn is beta-prime cadmium gold-like structured and crystallizes in the monoclinic P2/m space group. The structure is three-dimensional. there are two inequivalent Li sites. In the first Li site, Li is bonded in a 8-coordinate geometry to eight Sn atoms. There are a spread of Li–Sn bond distances ranging from 3.00–3.10 Å. In the second Li site, Li is bonded in a distorted body-centered cubic geometry to eight Sn atoms. There are four shorter (3.05 Å) and four longer (3.07 Å) Li–Sn bond lengths. There are two inequivalent Sn sites. In the first Sn site, Sn is bonded in a 12-coordinate geometry to eight Li atoms. In the second Sn site, Sn is bonded in a distorted body-centered cubic geometry to eight Li atoms.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on LiSn(PO3)4 by Materials Project

LiSn(PO3)4 crystallizes in the monoclinic P2_1 space group. The structure is three-dimensional. Li1+ is bonded in a bent 120 degrees geometry to two O2- atoms. There is one shorter (1.80 Å) and one longer (1.84 Å) Li–O bond length. Sn3+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form SnO6 octahedra that share corners with six PO4 tetrahedra. There are a spread of Sn–O bond distances ranging from 2.20–2.32 Å. There are four inequivalent P5+ sites. In the first P5+ site, P5+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form PO4 tetrahedra that share corners with two equivalent SnO6 octahedra and corners with two PO4 tetrahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 45–61°. There is two shorter (1.51 Å) and two longer (1.60 Å) P–O bond length. In the second P5+ site, P5+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form PO4 tetrahedra that share corners with two equivalent SnO6 octahedra and corners with two PO4 tetrahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 49–53°. There are a spread of P–O bond distances ranging from 1.51–1.61 Å. In the third P5+ site, P5+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form PO4 tetrahedra that share a cornercorner with one SnO6 octahedra and corners with two PO4 tetrahedra. The corner-sharing octahedral tilt angles are 44°. There are a spread of P–O bond distances ranging from 1.49–1.64 Å. In the fourth P5+ site, P5+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form PO4 tetrahedra that share a cornercorner with one SnO6 octahedra and corners with two PO4 tetrahedra. The corner-sharing octahedral tilt angles are 49°. There are a spread of P–O bond distances ranging from 1.48–1.64 Å. There are twelve inequivalent O2- sites. In the first O2- site, O2- is bonded in a bent 150 degrees geometry to two P5+ atoms. In the second O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted bent 150 degrees geometry to two P5+ atoms. In the third O2- site, O2- is bonded in a bent 150 degrees geometry to two P5+ atoms. In the fourth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted bent 150 degrees geometry to one Li1+ and one P5+ atom. In the fifth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a bent 150 degrees geometry to two P5+ atoms. In the sixth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 2-coordinate geometry to one Sn3+ and one P5+ atom. In the seventh O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted bent 120 degrees geometry to one Sn3+ and one P5+ atom. In the eighth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted bent 120 degrees geometry to one Sn3+ and one P5+ atom. In the ninth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted bent 120 degrees geometry to one Sn3+ and one P5+ atom. In the tenth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted bent 120 degrees geometry to one Sn3+ and one P5+ atom. In the eleventh O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted bent 150 degrees geometry to one Sn3+ and one P5+ atom. In the twelfth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a bent 150 degrees geometry to one Li1+ and one P5+ atom.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on LiSn(PO3)4 by Materials Project

LiSn(PO3)4 crystallizes in the triclinic P1 space group. The structure is three-dimensional. there are two inequivalent Li1+ sites. In the first Li1+ site, Li1+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form LiO6 octahedra that share corners with six PO4 tetrahedra and edges with two SnO6 octahedra. There are a spread of Li–O bond distances ranging from 2.13–2.20 Å. In the second Li1+ site, Li1+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form LiO6 octahedra that share corners with six PO4 tetrahedra and edges with two SnO6 octahedra. There are a spread of Li–O bond distances ranging from 2.09–2.18 Å. There are two inequivalent Sn3+ sites. In the first Sn3+ site, Sn3+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form SnO6 octahedra that share corners with six PO4 tetrahedra and edges with two LiO6 octahedra. There are a spread of Sn–O bond distances ranging from 2.20–2.33 Å. In the second Sn3+ site, Sn3+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form SnO6 octahedra that share corners with six PO4 tetrahedra and edges with two LiO6 octahedra. There are a spread of Sn–O bond distances ranging from 2.20–2.33 Å. There are eight inequivalent P5+ sites. In the first P5+ site, P5+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form PO4 tetrahedra that share a cornercorner with one SnO6 octahedra, corners with two LiO6 octahedra, and corners with two PO4 tetrahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 22–55°. There are a spread of P–O bond distances ranging from 1.47–1.62 Å. In the second P5+ site, P5+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form PO4 tetrahedra that share a cornercorner with one LiO6 octahedra, corners with two SnO6 octahedra, and corners with two PO4 tetrahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 25–56°. There are a spread of P–O bond distances ranging from 1.50–1.60 Å. In the third P5+ site, P5+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form PO4 tetrahedra that share a cornercorner with one LiO6 octahedra, corners with two SnO6 octahedra, and corners with two PO4 tetrahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 24–57°. There are a spread of P–O bond distances ranging from 1.50–1.60 Å. In the fourth P5+ site, P5+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form PO4 tetrahedra that share a cornercorner with one SnO6 octahedra, corners with two LiO6 octahedra, and corners with two PO4 tetrahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 21–55°. There are a spread of P–O bond distances ranging from 1.47–1.63 Å. In the fifth P5+ site, P5+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form PO4 tetrahedra that share a cornercorner with one SnO6 octahedra, corners with two LiO6 octahedra, and corners with two PO4 tetrahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 20–56°. There are a spread of P–O bond distances ranging from 1.47–1.62 Å. In the sixth P5+ site, P5+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form PO4 tetrahedra that share a cornercorner with one LiO6 octahedra, corners with two SnO6 octahedra, and corners with two PO4 tetrahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 23–56°. There are a spread of P–O bond distances ranging from 1.50–1.60 Å. In the seventh P5+ site, P5+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form PO4 tetrahedra that share a cornercorner with one LiO6 octahedra, corners with two SnO6 octahedra, and corners with two PO4 tetrahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 25–56°. There are a spread of P–O bond distances ranging from 1.50–1.60 Å. In the eighth P5+ site, P5+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form PO4 tetrahedra that share a cornercorner with one SnO6 octahedra, corners with two LiO6 octahedra, and corners with two PO4 tetrahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 21–55°. There are a spread of P–O bond distances ranging from 1.47–1.62 Å. There are twenty-four inequivalent O2- sites. In the first O2- site, O2- is bonded in a bent 150 degrees geometry to one Li1+ and one P5+ atom. In the second O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to one Li1+, one Sn3+, and one P5+ atom. In the third O2- site, O2- is bonded in a bent 150 degrees geometry to two P5+ atoms. In the fourth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted bent 150 degrees geometry to one Sn3+ and one P5+ atom. In the fifth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to one Li1+, one Sn3+, and one P5+ atom. In the sixth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted bent 150 degrees geometry to two P5+ atoms. In the seventh O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to one Li1+, one Sn3+, and one P5+ atom. In the eighth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted bent 150 degrees geometry to one Sn3+ and one P5+ atom. In the ninth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted bent 150 degrees geometry to two P5+ atoms. In the tenth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a bent 150 degrees geometry to one Li1+ and one P5+ atom. In the eleventh O2- site, O2- is bonded in a bent 150 degrees geometry to two P5+ atoms. In the twelfth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to one Li1+, one Sn3+, and one P5+ atom. In the thirteenth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to one Li1+, one Sn3+, and one P5+ atom. In the fourteenth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a bent 150 degrees geometry to two P5+ atoms. In the fifteenth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a bent 150 degrees geometry to one Li1+ and one P5+ atom. In the sixteenth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted bent 150 degrees geometry to two P5+ atoms. In the seventeenth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted bent 150 degrees geometry to one Sn3+ and one P5+ atom. In the eighteenth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to one Li1+, one Sn3+, and one P5+ atom. In the nineteenth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted bent 150 degrees geometry to two P5+ atoms. In the twentieth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to one Li1+, one Sn3+, and one P5+ atom. In the twenty-first O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted bent 150 degrees geometry to one Sn3+ and one P5+ atom. In the twenty-second O2- site, O2- is bonded in a bent 150 degrees geometry to two P5+ atoms. In the twenty-third O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to one Li1+, one Sn3+, and one P5+ atom. In the twenty-fourth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a bent 150 degrees geometry to one Li1+ and one P5+ atom.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2024

A Compact, Single Stage, >1 kV Medium-Voltage Line Impedance Stabilization Network

This paper presents the design of a single-phase, single-stage line impedance stabilization network (LISN) for medium-voltage (MV) applications. More than 1 kV rated widebandgap (WBG) power semiconductor switches are increasingly utilized in new, emerging power electronics energy systems to improve power density and efficiency. However, due to inherently fast-switching speeds, WBG switch modules emit considerable electromagnetic interference (EMI) (e.g., common mode (CM) or differential mode (DM)). State-of-the-art offers standardized LISN solutions to validate and certify the new energy system for electromagnetic compatibility (EMC). However, most are for low voltage applications (i.e., < 1 kV). MV LISNs (i.e., > 1 kV) are rare until recently and literature does not provide sufficient guidelines for designing and characterizing such devices. It has been a critical challenge for many scientists and engineers to reliably certify the emerging MV energy systems (e.g., electric ships and aircraft). This paper addresses such a technology gap. Specifically, a CISPR 16-1-2 compliant 50Ω/50μH LISN with 1.5kV, 75A and 30MHz measurement capability has been proposed. Detailed performance study versus non-linear parasitic parameters variations in MV inductors and capacitors have been done. Based on new understandings, novel techniques to intuitively mitigate unwanted parasitic have been proposed to develop the proposed LISN successfully. Thorough characterization of important LISN parameters are presented and factors influencing them are analyzed. A rigorous analysis, experimental tests, and in-depth comparisons over state-of-the-art have been made to validate the effectiveness. This is done through the state-of-the-art 300kVA MV EMI testbed.

42 ENGINEERING↗
NASA NTRS2011

AIRES and RAPEAS on the Move

We report on this presentation an update on two closely related projects with relevance to LISN: AIRES (Argentina Ionospheric Radar Experiment Station) and RAPEAS (Spanish acronym for Argentina Network for Upper Atmosphere Research). AIRES' main goal is the deployment and long term operation of a face of the Afvance Modular Incoherent Scatter Radar (AMISR) close to La Plata city, in Argentina, where it is possible to perform ionospheric measurements of the geomagnetic conjugate point of the Arecibo Observatory in Puerto Rico. The initial construction of 16 AMISR panels and the infrastructure for the their deployment in Argentina have been initiated in March 2011, in the framework of a memorandum of understanding agreed between the U.S. National Science Foundation (NSF) and the Argentina National Council for Scientific and Technical Research (CONICET). In addition, in August 2011, CONICET created RAPEAS, which main objective is to maximize the benefits of AIRES as well as other networks and instruments in Argentina dedicated to Upper Atmosphere research. Over forty scientist and engineers from fifteen scientific and academic institutions are currently part of RAPE AS. Both, RAPEAS and AIRES will create a great synergy within the Argentina Upper Atmosphere community and will open new opportunities for international collaborations among which, the LISN project should play a relevant role.

Janches, Diego↗
NASA NTRS2011

Crew Quarters (CQ) and Electromagnetic Interference (EMI) Measurement Facility Combined Impedance Study

This report documents an investigation into observed failures associated with conducted susceptibility testing of Crew Quarters (CQ) hardware in the Johnson Space Center (JSC) Electromagnetic Interference (EMI) Measurement Facility, and the work accomplished to identify the source of the observed behavior. Investigation led to the conclusion that the hardware power input impedance was interacting with the facility power impedance leading to instability at the observed frequencies of susceptibility. Testing performed in other facilities did not show this same behavior, pointing back to the EMI Measurement Facility power as the potential root cause. A LISN emulating the Station power bus impedance was inserted into the power circuit, and the susceptibility was eliminated from the measurements.

Scully, Robert C.↗
NASA NTRS2012

Longitudinal Differences of Ionospheric Vertical Density Distribution and Equatorial Electrodynamics

Accurate estimation of global vertical distribution of ionospheric and plasmaspheric density as a function of local time, season, and magnetic activity is required to improve the operation of space-based navigation and communication systems. The vertical density distribution, especially at low and equatorial latitudes, is governed by the equatorial electrodynamics that produces a vertical driving force. The vertical structure of the equatorial density distribution can be observed by using tomographic reconstruction techniques on ground-based global positioning system (GPS) total electron content (TEC). Similarly, the vertical drift, which is one of the driving mechanisms that govern equatorial electrodynamics and strongly affect the structure and dynamics of the ionosphere in the low/midlatitude region, can be estimated using ground magnetometer observations. We present tomographically reconstructed density distribution and the corresponding vertical drifts at two different longitudes: the East African and west South American sectors. Chains of GPS stations in the east African and west South American longitudinal sectors, covering the equatorial anomaly region of meridian approx. 37 deg and 290 deg E, respectively, are used to reconstruct the vertical density distribution. Similarly, magnetometer sites of African Meridian B-field Education and Research (AMBER) and INTERMAGNET for the east African sector and South American Meridional B-field Array (SAMBA) and Low Latitude Ionospheric Sensor Network (LISN) are used to estimate the vertical drift velocity at two distinct longitudes. The comparison between the reconstructed and Jicamarca Incoherent Scatter Radar (ISR) measured density profiles shows excellent agreement, demonstrating the usefulness of tomographic reconstruction technique in providing the vertical density distribution at different longitudes. Similarly, the comparison between magnetometer estimated vertical drift and other independent drift observation, such as from VEFI onboard Communication/Navigation Outage Forecasting System (C/NOFS) satellite and JULIA radar, is equally promising. The observations at different longitudes suggest that the vertical drift velocities and the vertical density distribution have significant longitudinal differences; especially the equatorial anomaly peaks expand to higher latitudes more in American sector than the African sector, indicating that the vertical drift in the American sector is stronger than the African sector.

total electron content↗