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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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14 records
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on LiNiO2 by Materials Project

LiNiO2 is Caswellsilverite-like structured and crystallizes in the tetragonal I4_1/amd space group. The structure is three-dimensional. Li1+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form LiO6 octahedra that share corners with two equivalent NiO6 octahedra, corners with four equivalent LiO6 octahedra, edges with four equivalent LiO6 octahedra, and edges with eight equivalent NiO6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 0–10°. There are four shorter (2.03 Å) and two longer (2.30 Å) Li–O bond lengths. Ni3+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form NiO6 octahedra that share corners with two equivalent LiO6 octahedra, corners with four equivalent NiO6 octahedra, edges with four equivalent NiO6 octahedra, and edges with eight equivalent LiO6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 0–10°. There is two shorter (1.93 Å) and four longer (2.03 Å) Ni–O bond length. There are two inequivalent O2- sites. In the first O2- site, O2- is bonded to three equivalent Li1+ and three equivalent Ni3+ atoms to form a mixture of edge and corner-sharing OLi3Ni3 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 0–10°. In the second O2- site, O2- is bonded to three equivalent Li1+ and three equivalent Ni3+ atoms to form a mixture of edge and corner-sharing OLi3Ni3 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 0–10°.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on LiNiO2 by Materials Project

Computed materials data using density functional theory calculations. These calculations determine the electronic structure of bulk materials by solving approximations to the Schrodinger equation. For more information, see https://materialsproject.org/docs/calculations

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on LiNiO2 by Materials Project

Computed materials data using density functional theory calculations. These calculations determine the electronic structure of bulk materials by solving approximations to the Schrodinger equation. For more information, see https://materialsproject.org/docs/calculations

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on LiNiO2 by Materials Project

Computed materials data using density functional theory calculations. These calculations determine the electronic structure of bulk materials by solving approximations to the Schrodinger equation. For more information, see https://materialsproject.org/docs/calculations

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on Li4FeNi3O8 by Materials Project

LiFeO2(LiNiO2)3 crystallizes in the triclinic P-1 space group. The structure is one-dimensional and consists of one LiFeO2 ribbon oriented in the (0, 1, 1) direction and three LiNiO2 ribbons oriented in the (0, 1, 1) direction. In the LiFeO2 ribbon, Li1+ is bonded in a linear geometry to two equivalent O2- atoms. Both Li–O bond lengths are 1.49 Å. Fe3+ is bonded in a distorted linear geometry to two equivalent O2- atoms. Both Fe–O bond lengths are 1.47 Å. O2- is bonded in a distorted linear geometry to one Li1+ and one Fe3+ atom. In each LiNiO2 ribbon, Li1+ is bonded in a linear geometry to two equivalent O2- atoms. Both Li–O bond lengths are 1.58 Å. Ni3+ is bonded in a linear geometry to two equivalent O2- atoms. Both Ni–O bond lengths are 1.43 Å. O2- is bonded in a distorted bent 150 degrees geometry to one Li1+ and one Ni3+ atom.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

The sensitive surface chemistry of Co-free, Ni-rich layered oxides: identifying experimental conditions that influence characterization results

Recent studies have suggested that Co-free, Ni-rich layered cathodes (e.g., doped LiNiO2) can provide promising battery performance for practical applications. However, these layered cathodes suffer from significant surface instability during various stages of the sample history, which generates inherent challenges for achieving stable battery performance and obtaining statistically representative characterization results. To reliably report the surface chemistry of these materials, delicate controls of stepwise sample preparation are required. In this study, we aim to reveal how the surface chemistry of LiNiO2 based materials changes with various environments, including human exhalation, sample storage, sample preparation, electrochemistry cycling, and surface doping. Our results demonstrate that the surface of these materials is highly reactive and prone to alter at various stages of sample handling and characterization. The sensitive surface could impact the interpretation of the surface chemical and structural information, including surface carbonate formation, transition metal reduction and dissolution, and surface reconstruction. Importantly, the heterogeneity of the surface degradation calls for a consolidation of nanoscale, high-resolution characterization, and ensemble-averaged methods in order to improve statistical representation. Furthermore, the doping chemistry can effectively mitigate the surface degradation and improve overall battery performance due to the enhanced surface oxygen retention. Our study highlights the necessity of strict measurements through complementary characterizations at multiple length scales to eliminate unintentional biased conclusions.

surface chemistry, Co-free Ni-rich cathodes, Istab↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on Li4Fe3NiO8 by Materials Project

(LiFeO2)3LiNiO2 crystallizes in the triclinic P-1 space group. The structure is one-dimensional and consists of three LiFeO2 ribbons oriented in the (0, 1, 1) direction and one LiNiO2 ribbon oriented in the (0, 1, 1) direction. In each LiFeO2 ribbon, Li1+ is bonded in a linear geometry to two equivalent O2- atoms. Both Li–O bond lengths are 1.59 Å. Fe3+ is bonded in a linear geometry to two equivalent O2- atoms. Both Fe–O bond lengths are 1.42 Å. O2- is bonded in a distorted linear geometry to one Li1+ and one Fe3+ atom. In the LiNiO2 ribbon, Li1+ is bonded in a linear geometry to two equivalent O2- atoms. Both Li–O bond lengths are 1.58 Å. Ni3+ is bonded in a linear geometry to two equivalent O2- atoms. Both Ni–O bond lengths are 1.43 Å. O2- is bonded in a distorted linear geometry to one Li1+ and one Ni3+ atom.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Cobalt-free, high-nickel layered oxide cathodes for lithium-ion batteries: Progress, challenges, and perspectives

High-nickel layered oxides are enabling extraordinary growth of electric vehicles market due to its high energy density. Nonetheless, leading battery manufacturers are trying to cut down the manufacturing costs further by eliminating the dependency on cobalt in cathode materials. In this perspective, we explore several aspects that need to be considered to develop cobalt-free high-Ni layered oxides by reviewing the fundamental properties of LiNiO2. Furthermore, critical key factors for exploring alternative dopants and substituents are discussed for designing stable and inexpensive Co-free high-Ni layered oxides from a viewpoint of materials science and electrochemistry. Lastly, a perspective on the future research direction on Co-free high-Ni layered oxides are highlighted with respect to practical considerations.

25 ENERGY STORAGE↗
DOE OSTI2024

High‐Energy LiNiO 2 Li Metal Batteries Enabled by Hybrid Electrolyte Consisting of Ionic Liquid and Weakly Solvating Fluorinated Ether

Abstract In pursuit of the highest possible energy density, researchers shift their focus to the ultimate anode material, lithium metal (Li 0 ), and high‐capacity cathode materials with high nickel content (Ni > 80%). The combination of these aggressive electrodes presents unprecedented challenges to the electrolyte. Here, we report a hybrid electrolyte consisting of a highly fluorinated ionic liquid and a weakly solvating fluorinated ether, whose hybridization structure enables the reversible operation of a battery chemistry based on Li 0 and LiNiO 2 (Ni = 100%), delivering nearly theoretical capacity of the latter (up to 249 mAh g −1 ) for >300 cycles with retention of 78.6% and in absence of unwanted morphological changes in both electrodes. Extensive characterization assisted by molecular dynamic simulation and density functional theory calculations reveals the function of the fluorinated ether to be far more profound than simple dilution and viscosity reduction. Instead, it induces drastic changes in Li + ‐solvation environment, the consequence of which engenders simultaneous stabilization of electrode/electrolyte and interfacing via formation of respective interfacial chemistries. This study further unlocks fundamental knowledge underneath the prevailing “diluent strategy” that is extensively applied by the electrolyte researchers and opens more design space for the next‐generation electrolytes and interphases for these coveted battery chemistries.

25 ENERGY STORAGE↗
DOE OSTI2022

Uncovering the Solvation Structure of LiPF 6 –Based Localized Saturated Electrolytes and Their Effect on LiNiO 2 –Based Lithium–Metal Batteries

Electrolytes play a critical role in stabilizing highly reactive lithium-metal anodes (LMAs) and high-voltage cathodes for rechargeable lithium-metal batteries (LMBs). Localized high concentration electrolytes (LHCEs) have achieved remarkable success in the context of LMBs. However, the state-of-the-art LHCEs are based on LiFSI salt, which is prohibitively expensive. Here, the utility of low-cost LiPF 6 salt in localized saturated electrolytes (LSEs) with a series of solvents and diluents in LMBs with cobalt-free LiNiO 2 cathode is systematically explored. Experimental and theoretical analyses reveal that the unique solvation structure formed not only changes the distribution of solvents and anions but also alters the atom–atom distances within them, leading to different reduction and oxidation stabilities compared to low-concentration electrolytes. In addition, LSEs help form LiF-rich interphase layers on the LMA and LiNiO 2 cathode, protecting the electrodes from degradation during cycling. Different LSEs also lead to differences in lithium plating morphology and impedance buildup during cycling, impacting the performance of LMBs. Finally, the solvent and diluent must be carefully selected for compatibility with a lithium salt when developing LHCEs and LSEs for LMBs.

25 ENERGY STORAGE↗
DOE OSTI2021

Atomic-Scale Observation of O1 Faulted Phase-Induced Deactivation of LiNiO 2 at High Voltage

LiNiO 2 and cobalt-free ultrahigh-Ni content cathodes suffer from rapid capacity loss and severe chemomechanical degradation, especially when operated at high voltages. Here, by cycling LiNiO 2 up to 4.7 V, we report the atomic-scale observation of O1 faulted phase-induced deactivation of LiNiO 2 . We found that although a thin layer of O3 phase forms on the particle surface by reversible O3 → O1 transformation during discharge, the bulk interior still maintains the O1 faulted phase, leading to rapid capacity loss of LiNiO 2 . Moreover, the atomic configuration of the O1/O3 interface is investigated comprehensively. We found that the misfit along the c axes of the O1 and O3 phases results in the formation of misfit dislocations, whereby cation mixing is promoted at dislocation cores. Further, a transition zone with continuous shear along the a-b plane is uncovered between the O1 and O3 phases for the first time. Besides, severe oxygen loss-induced pore formation and concurrent rock salt transformation are also identified.

77 NANOSCIENCE AND NANOTECHNOLOGY↗