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All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on Li3V2(PO4)3 by Materials Project

Li3V2(PO4)3 crystallizes in the monoclinic Cc space group. The structure is three-dimensional. there are three inequivalent Li1+ sites. In the first Li1+ site, Li1+ is bonded in a 5-coordinate geometry to five O2- atoms. There are a spread of Li–O bond distances ranging from 2.02–2.60 Å. In the second Li1+ site, Li1+ is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to four O2- atoms. There are a spread of Li–O bond distances ranging from 2.02–2.50 Å. In the third Li1+ site, Li1+ is bonded in a 8-coordinate geometry to eight O2- atoms. There are a spread of Li–O bond distances ranging from 2.09–2.82 Å. There are two inequivalent V3+ sites. In the first V3+ site, V3+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form VO6 octahedra that share corners with six PO4 tetrahedra. There are a spread of V–O bond distances ranging from 1.99–2.12 Å. In the second V3+ site, V3+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form VO6 octahedra that share corners with six PO4 tetrahedra. There are a spread of V–O bond distances ranging from 1.98–2.05 Å. There are three inequivalent P5+ sites. In the first P5+ site, P5+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form PO4 tetrahedra that share corners with four VO6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 28–47°. There is two shorter (1.54 Å) and two longer (1.56 Å) P–O bond length. In the second P5+ site, P5+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form PO4 tetrahedra that share corners with four VO6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 22–48°. There are a spread of P–O bond distances ranging from 1.52–1.56 Å. In the third P5+ site, P5+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form PO4 tetrahedra that share corners with four VO6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 27–47°. There are a spread of P–O bond distances ranging from 1.54–1.57 Å. There are twelve inequivalent O2- sites. In the first O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to one Li1+, one V3+, and one P5+ atom. In the second O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted bent 150 degrees geometry to one Li1+, one V3+, and one P5+ atom. In the third O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to one Li1+, one V3+, and one P5+ atom. In the fourth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to one Li1+, one V3+, and one P5+ atom. In the fifth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted trigonal pyramidal geometry to two Li1+, one V3+, and one P5+ atom. In the sixth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to two Li1+, one V3+, and one P5+ atom. In the seventh O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to two Li1+, one V3+, and one P5+ atom. In the eighth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 2-coordinate geometry to one Li1+, one V3+, and one P5+ atom. In the ninth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to two Li1+, one V3+, and one P5+ atom. In the tenth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to one Li1+, one V3+, and one P5+ atom. In the eleventh O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to two Li1+, one V3+, and one P5+ atom. In the twelfth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 2-coordinate geometry to one Li1+, one V3+, and one P5+ atom.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on Li3V2(PO4)3 by Materials Project

Li3V2(PO4)3 crystallizes in the monoclinic P2/c space group. The structure is three-dimensional. there are five inequivalent Li1+ sites. In the first Li1+ site, Li1+ is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to four O2- atoms. There are a spread of Li–O bond distances ranging from 2.09–2.19 Å. In the second Li1+ site, Li1+ is bonded in a 6-coordinate geometry to six O2- atoms. There are four shorter (2.13 Å) and two longer (2.62 Å) Li–O bond lengths. In the third Li1+ site, Li1+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form distorted LiO6 octahedra that share corners with six PO4 tetrahedra and faces with two equivalent VO6 octahedra. There are a spread of Li–O bond distances ranging from 2.21–2.27 Å. In the fourth Li1+ site, Li1+ is bonded in a 6-coordinate geometry to six O2- atoms. There are a spread of Li–O bond distances ranging from 2.24–2.34 Å. In the fifth Li1+ site, Li1+ is bonded in a 6-coordinate geometry to six O2- atoms. There are a spread of Li–O bond distances ranging from 2.15–2.44 Å. There are two inequivalent V3+ sites. In the first V3+ site, V3+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form VO6 octahedra that share corners with six PO4 tetrahedra and a faceface with one LiO6 octahedra. There are a spread of V–O bond distances ranging from 1.97–2.10 Å. In the second V3+ site, V3+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form VO6 octahedra that share corners with six PO4 tetrahedra. There are a spread of V–O bond distances ranging from 1.97–2.07 Å. There are four inequivalent P5+ sites. In the first P5+ site, P5+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form PO4 tetrahedra that share corners with four VO6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 25–47°. There is two shorter (1.52 Å) and two longer (1.57 Å) P–O bond length. In the second P5+ site, P5+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form PO4 tetrahedra that share a cornercorner with one LiO6 octahedra and corners with four VO6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 20–48°. There are a spread of P–O bond distances ranging from 1.53–1.57 Å. In the third P5+ site, P5+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form PO4 tetrahedra that share a cornercorner with one LiO6 octahedra and corners with four VO6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 10–48°. There are a spread of P–O bond distances ranging from 1.52–1.58 Å. In the fourth P5+ site, P5+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form PO4 tetrahedra that share corners with two equivalent LiO6 octahedra and corners with four VO6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 31–49°. There is two shorter (1.54 Å) and two longer (1.57 Å) P–O bond length. There are twelve inequivalent O2- sites. In the first O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to one Li1+, one V3+, and one P5+ atom. In the second O2- site, O2- is bonded in a linear geometry to one V3+ and one P5+ atom. In the third O2- site, O2- is bonded in a rectangular see-saw-like geometry to two Li1+, one V3+, and one P5+ atom. In the fourth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to two Li1+, one V3+, and one P5+ atom. In the fifth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a bent 150 degrees geometry to one V3+ and one P5+ atom. In the sixth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to two Li1+, one V3+, and one P5+ atom. In the seventh O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted rectangular see-saw-like geometry to two Li1+, one V3+, and one P5+ atom. In the eighth O2- site, O2- is bonded to two Li1+, one V3+, and one P5+ atom to form distorted corner-sharing OLi2VP trigonal pyramids. In the ninth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to one Li1+, one V3+, and one P5+ atom. In the tenth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted bent 150 degrees geometry to one V3+ and one P5+ atom. In the eleventh O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to one Li1+, one V3+, and one P5+ atom. In the twelfth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 5-coordinate geometry to three Li1+, one V3+, and one P5+ atom.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on Li3V2(PO4)3 by Materials Project

Li3V2(PO4)3 crystallizes in the monoclinic C2 space group. The structure is three-dimensional. there are four inequivalent Li1+ sites. In the first Li1+ site, Li1+ is bonded in a 6-coordinate geometry to six O2- atoms. There are a spread of Li–O bond distances ranging from 2.06–2.58 Å. In the second Li1+ site, Li1+ is bonded in a 6-coordinate geometry to six O2- atoms. There are a spread of Li–O bond distances ranging from 2.12–2.42 Å. In the third Li1+ site, Li1+ is bonded in a 6-coordinate geometry to six O2- atoms. There are a spread of Li–O bond distances ranging from 2.14–2.54 Å. In the fourth Li1+ site, Li1+ is bonded in a 6-coordinate geometry to six O2- atoms. There are a spread of Li–O bond distances ranging from 2.11–2.57 Å. There are two inequivalent V3+ sites. In the first V3+ site, V3+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form VO6 octahedra that share corners with six PO4 tetrahedra. There are a spread of V–O bond distances ranging from 1.97–2.06 Å. In the second V3+ site, V3+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form VO6 octahedra that share corners with six PO4 tetrahedra. There are a spread of V–O bond distances ranging from 1.98–2.09 Å. There are four inequivalent P5+ sites. In the first P5+ site, P5+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form PO4 tetrahedra that share corners with four VO6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 29–44°. There are a spread of P–O bond distances ranging from 1.54–1.56 Å. In the second P5+ site, P5+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form PO4 tetrahedra that share corners with four VO6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 30–46°. All P–O bond lengths are 1.55 Å. In the third P5+ site, P5+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form PO4 tetrahedra that share corners with four VO6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 26–44°. There is two shorter (1.52 Å) and two longer (1.57 Å) P–O bond length. In the fourth P5+ site, P5+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form PO4 tetrahedra that share corners with four VO6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 20–42°. There are a spread of P–O bond distances ranging from 1.51–1.58 Å. There are twelve inequivalent O2- sites. In the first O2- site, O2- is bonded in a bent 150 degrees geometry to one V3+ and one P5+ atom. In the second O2- site, O2- is bonded in a bent 150 degrees geometry to one V3+ and one P5+ atom. In the third O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to two Li1+, one V3+, and one P5+ atom. In the fourth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to one Li1+, one V3+, and one P5+ atom. In the fifth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to one Li1+, one V3+, and one P5+ atom. In the sixth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to one Li1+, one V3+, and one P5+ atom. In the seventh O2- site, O2- is bonded to two Li1+, one V3+, and one P5+ atom to form distorted OLi2VP trigonal pyramids that share a cornercorner with one OLi3VP trigonal bipyramid and an edgeedge with one OLi2VP trigonal pyramid. In the eighth O2- site, O2- is bonded to three Li1+, one V3+, and one P5+ atom to form distorted OLi3VP trigonal bipyramids that share a cornercorner with one OLi2VP trigonal pyramid and an edgeedge with one OLi3VP trigonal bipyramid. In the ninth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to one Li1+, one V3+, and one P5+ atom. In the tenth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to one Li1+, one V3+, and one P5+ atom. In the eleventh O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 5-coordinate geometry to three Li1+, one V3+, and one P5+ atom. In the twelfth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 5-coordinate geometry to three Li1+, one V3+, and one P5+ atom.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on Li3V2(PO4)3 by Materials Project

Li3V2(PO4)3 crystallizes in the monoclinic C2/c space group. The structure is three-dimensional. there are four inequivalent Li1+ sites. In the first Li1+ site, Li1+ is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to three O2- atoms. There are a spread of Li–O bond distances ranging from 1.97–2.00 Å. In the second Li1+ site, Li1+ is bonded in a 2-coordinate geometry to four O2- atoms. There are a spread of Li–O bond distances ranging from 1.94–2.61 Å. In the third Li1+ site, Li1+ is bonded in a bent 150 degrees geometry to two equivalent O2- atoms. Both Li–O bond lengths are 1.89 Å. In the fourth Li1+ site, Li1+ is bonded in a distorted linear geometry to two equivalent O2- atoms. Both Li–O bond lengths are 2.19 Å. There are two inequivalent V3+ sites. In the first V3+ site, V3+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form distorted VO6 octahedra that share corners with four PO4 tetrahedra and an edgeedge with one PO4 tetrahedra. There are a spread of V–O bond distances ranging from 2.02–2.18 Å. In the second V3+ site, V3+ is bonded to five O2- atoms to form VO5 trigonal bipyramids that share corners with five PO4 tetrahedra. There are a spread of V–O bond distances ranging from 1.94–2.05 Å. There are three inequivalent P5+ sites. In the first P5+ site, P5+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form PO4 tetrahedra that share corners with two equivalent VO6 octahedra and corners with two equivalent VO5 trigonal bipyramids. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 53–65°. There are a spread of P–O bond distances ranging from 1.53–1.56 Å. In the second P5+ site, P5+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form PO4 tetrahedra that share corners with two equivalent VO5 trigonal bipyramids and an edgeedge with one VO6 octahedra. There are a spread of P–O bond distances ranging from 1.53–1.58 Å. In the third P5+ site, P5+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form PO4 tetrahedra that share corners with two equivalent VO6 octahedra and a cornercorner with one VO5 trigonal bipyramid. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 48–52°. There are a spread of P–O bond distances ranging from 1.51–1.59 Å. There are twelve inequivalent O2- sites. In the first O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted trigonal planar geometry to one Li1+, one V3+, and one P5+ atom. In the second O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to one Li1+, one V3+, and one P5+ atom. In the third O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted bent 120 degrees geometry to one V3+ and one P5+ atom. In the fourth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a trigonal planar geometry to one Li1+, one V3+, and one P5+ atom. In the fifth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to one Li1+, one V3+, and one P5+ atom. In the sixth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a bent 150 degrees geometry to one V3+ and one P5+ atom. In the seventh O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to two Li1+, one V3+, and one P5+ atom. In the eighth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 2-coordinate geometry to one V3+ and one P5+ atom. In the ninth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to one Li1+, one V3+, and one P5+ atom. In the tenth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted bent 150 degrees geometry to one V3+ and one P5+ atom. In the eleventh O2- site, O2- is bonded in a bent 150 degrees geometry to one Li1+ and one P5+ atom. In the twelfth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted trigonal planar geometry to one Li1+, one V3+, and one P5+ atom.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on Li3V2(PO4)3 by Materials Project

Li3V2(PO4)3 crystallizes in the monoclinic P2_1/c space group. The structure is three-dimensional. there are three inequivalent Li1+ sites. In the first Li1+ site, Li1+ is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to four O2- atoms. There are a spread of Li–O bond distances ranging from 1.96–2.37 Å. In the second Li1+ site, Li1+ is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to four O2- atoms. There are a spread of Li–O bond distances ranging from 1.95–2.15 Å. In the third Li1+ site, Li1+ is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to four O2- atoms. There are a spread of Li–O bond distances ranging from 1.89–2.58 Å. There are two inequivalent V3+ sites. In the first V3+ site, V3+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form VO6 octahedra that share corners with six PO4 tetrahedra. There are a spread of V–O bond distances ranging from 1.98–2.12 Å. In the second V3+ site, V3+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form VO6 octahedra that share corners with six PO4 tetrahedra. There are a spread of V–O bond distances ranging from 1.95–2.18 Å. There are three inequivalent P5+ sites. In the first P5+ site, P5+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form PO4 tetrahedra that share corners with four VO6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 12–42°. There are a spread of P–O bond distances ranging from 1.51–1.57 Å. In the second P5+ site, P5+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form PO4 tetrahedra that share corners with four VO6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 30–35°. There is one shorter (1.54 Å) and three longer (1.55 Å) P–O bond length. In the third P5+ site, P5+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form PO4 tetrahedra that share corners with four VO6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 13–44°. There are a spread of P–O bond distances ranging from 1.51–1.58 Å. There are twelve inequivalent O2- sites. In the first O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to one Li1+, one V3+, and one P5+ atom. In the second O2- site, O2- is bonded in a rectangular see-saw-like geometry to two Li1+, one V3+, and one P5+ atom. In the third O2- site, O2- is bonded in a linear geometry to one V3+ and one P5+ atom. In the fourth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to one Li1+, one V3+, and one P5+ atom. In the fifth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted trigonal planar geometry to one Li1+, one V3+, and one P5+ atom. In the sixth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a linear geometry to one V3+ and one P5+ atom. In the seventh O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to one Li1+, one V3+, and one P5+ atom. In the eighth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted rectangular see-saw-like geometry to two Li1+, one V3+, and one P5+ atom. In the ninth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted bent 150 degrees geometry to one V3+ and one P5+ atom. In the tenth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted T-shaped geometry to one Li1+, one V3+, and one P5+ atom. In the eleventh O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 2-coordinate geometry to one Li1+, one V3+, and one P5+ atom. In the twelfth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 2-coordinate geometry to two Li1+, one V3+, and one P5+ atom.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on Li3V2(PO4)3 by Materials Project

Li3V2(PO4)3 crystallizes in the trigonal R-3 space group. The structure is three-dimensional. Li1+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form distorted LiO4 tetrahedra that share corners with two VO6 octahedra, corners with two equivalent LiO4 tetrahedra, corners with four equivalent PO4 tetrahedra, and an edgeedge with one VO6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 64–68°. There are a spread of Li–O bond distances ranging from 1.96–2.16 Å. There are two inequivalent V3+ sites. In the first V3+ site, V3+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form VO6 octahedra that share corners with three equivalent LiO4 tetrahedra, corners with six equivalent PO4 tetrahedra, and edges with three equivalent LiO4 tetrahedra. There are three shorter (2.05 Å) and three longer (2.09 Å) V–O bond lengths. In the second V3+ site, V3+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form VO6 octahedra that share corners with three equivalent LiO4 tetrahedra and corners with six equivalent PO4 tetrahedra. There are three shorter (1.99 Å) and three longer (2.08 Å) V–O bond lengths. P5+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form PO4 tetrahedra that share corners with four VO6 octahedra and corners with four equivalent LiO4 tetrahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 23–49°. There are a spread of P–O bond distances ranging from 1.51–1.59 Å. There are four inequivalent O2- sites. In the first O2- site, O2- is bonded to two equivalent Li1+, one V3+, and one P5+ atom to form distorted corner-sharing OLi2VP tetrahedra. In the second O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted trigonal planar geometry to one Li1+, one V3+, and one P5+ atom. In the third O2- site, O2- is bonded in a bent 150 degrees geometry to one V3+ and one P5+ atom. In the fourth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted trigonal planar geometry to one Li1+, one V3+, and one P5+ atom.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on Li3V2(PO4)3 by Materials Project

Computed materials data using density functional theory calculations. These calculations determine the electronic structure of bulk materials by solving approximations to the Schrodinger equation. For more information, see https://materialsproject.org/docs/calculations

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on Li3V2(PO4)3 by Materials Project

Computed materials data using density functional theory calculations. These calculations determine the electronic structure of bulk materials by solving approximations to the Schrodinger equation. For more information, see https://materialsproject.org/docs/calculations

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on Li3V2(PO4)3 by Materials Project

Computed materials data using density functional theory calculations. These calculations determine the electronic structure of bulk materials by solving approximations to the Schrodinger equation. For more information, see https://materialsproject.org/docs/calculations

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on Li3V2(PO4)3 by Materials Project

Computed materials data using density functional theory calculations. These calculations determine the electronic structure of bulk materials by solving approximations to the Schrodinger equation. For more information, see https://materialsproject.org/docs/calculations

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on Li3V2(PO4)3 by Materials Project

Computed materials data using density functional theory calculations. These calculations determine the electronic structure of bulk materials by solving approximations to the Schrodinger equation. For more information, see https://materialsproject.org/docs/calculations

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on Li3V2(PO4)3 by Materials Project

Computed materials data using density functional theory calculations. These calculations determine the electronic structure of bulk materials by solving approximations to the Schrodinger equation. For more information, see https://materialsproject.org/docs/calculations

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on Li3V2(PO4)3 by Materials Project

Computed materials data using density functional theory calculations. These calculations determine the electronic structure of bulk materials by solving approximations to the Schrodinger equation. For more information, see https://materialsproject.org/docs/calculations

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on Li3V2(PO4)3 by Materials Project

Computed materials data using density functional theory calculations. These calculations determine the electronic structure of bulk materials by solving approximations to the Schrodinger equation. For more information, see https://materialsproject.org/docs/calculations

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2021

Boosting the cycling stability of Ni-rich layered oxide cathode by dry coating of ultrastable Li 3 V 2 (PO 4 ) 3 nanoparticles

Nickel (Ni)-rich layered oxides such as LiNi 0.6 Co 0.2 Mn 0.2 O 2 (NCM622) represent one of the most promising candidates for next-generation high-energy lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). However, the pristine Ni-rich cathode materials usually suffer from poor structural stability during cycling. In this work, we demonstrate a simple but effective approach to improve the cycling stability of the NCM622 cathode by dry coating of ultrastable Li 3 V 2 (PO 4 ) 3 -carbon (LVP-C) nanoparticles, which leads to a robust composite cathode (NCM622/LVP-C) without sacrificing the specific energy density compared with pristine NCM622. The optimal NCM622/LVP-C composite presents a high specific capacity of 162 mA h g -1 at 0.5 C and excellent cycling performance with 85.0% capacity retention after 200 cycles at 2 C, higher than that of the pristine NCM622 (67.6%). Systematic characterization confirms that the LVP-C protective layer can effectively reduce the side reactions, restrict the cation mixing of NCM622 and improve its structural stability. Moreover, the NCM622/LVP-C||graphite full cells also show a commercial-level capacity of 3.2 mA h cm -2 and much improved cycling stability compared with NCM622/LVP-C||graphite full cells, indicating the great promise for low-cost, high-capacity and long-life LIBs.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2021

Carbon decorated Li 3 V 2 (PO 4 ) 3 for high-rate lithium-ion batteries: Electrochemical performance and charge compensation mechanism

Fast charging and high-power delivering batteries are highly demanded in mobile electronics, electric vehicles and grid energy storage, but there are full of challenges. The star-material Li 3 V 2 (PO 4 ) 3 is demonstrated as a promising high-rate cathode material meeting the above requirements. Herein, we report the carbon decorated Li 3 V 2 (PO 4 ) 3 (LVP/C) cathode prepared via a facile method, which displays a remarkable high-rate capability and long-term cycling performance. Briefly, the prepared LVP/C delivers a high discharge capacity of 122 mAh g -1 (~93% of the theoretical capacity) at a high rate up to 20 C and a superior capacity retention of 87.1% after 1000 cycles. Importantly, by applying a combination of X-ray absorption spectroscopy and full-range mapping of resonant inelastic X-ray scattering, we clearly elucidate the structural and chemical evolutions of LVP upon various potentials and cycle numbers. Furthermore, we show unambiguous spectroscopic evidences that the evolution of the hybridization strength between V and O in LVP/C as a consequence of lithiation/delithiation is highly reversible both in the bulk and on the surface during the discharge-charge processes even over extended cycles, which should be responsible for the remarkable electrochemical performance of LVP/C. Our present study provides not only an effective synthesis strategy but also deeper insights into the surface and bulk electrochemical reaction mechanism of LVP, which should be beneficial for the further design of high-performance LVP electrode materials.

25 ENERGY STORAGE↗