DOE OSTI2020
Li2NiTi3O8 is Spinel-derived structured and crystallizes in the triclinic P1 space group. The structure is three-dimensional. there are eight inequivalent Li1+ sites. In the first Li1+ site, Li1+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form LiO6 octahedra that share corners with three LiO4 tetrahedra, corners with three NiO4 tetrahedra, and edges with six TiO6 octahedra. There are a spread of Li–O bond distances ranging from 2.14–2.17 Å. In the second Li1+ site, Li1+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form LiO4 tetrahedra that share corners with three LiO6 octahedra and corners with nine TiO6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 54–64°. There are a spread of Li–O bond distances ranging from 1.99–2.02 Å. In the third Li1+ site, Li1+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form LiO4 tetrahedra that share corners with three LiO6 octahedra and corners with nine TiO6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 55–64°. There are a spread of Li–O bond distances ranging from 2.00–2.02 Å. In the fourth Li1+ site, Li1+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form LiO6 octahedra that share corners with three LiO4 tetrahedra, corners with three NiO4 tetrahedra, and edges with six TiO6 octahedra. There are a spread of Li–O bond distances ranging from 2.11–2.16 Å. In the fifth Li1+ site, Li1+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form LiO6 octahedra that share corners with three LiO4 tetrahedra, corners with three NiO4 tetrahedra, and edges with six TiO6 octahedra. There are a spread of Li–O bond distances ranging from 2.12–2.15 Å. In the sixth Li1+ site, Li1+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form LiO4 tetrahedra that share corners with three LiO6 octahedra and corners with nine TiO6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 55–64°. There are two shorter (2.00 Å) and two longer (2.01 Å) Li–O bond lengths. In the seventh Li1+ site, Li1+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form LiO4 tetrahedra that share corners with three LiO6 octahedra and corners with nine TiO6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 55–64°. There are three shorter (2.00 Å) and one longer (2.01 Å) Li–O bond lengths. In the eighth Li1+ site, Li1+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form LiO6 octahedra that share corners with three LiO4 tetrahedra, corners with three NiO4 tetrahedra, and edges with six TiO6 octahedra. There are a spread of Li–O bond distances ranging from 2.11–2.15 Å. There are twelve inequivalent Ti4+ sites. In the first Ti4+ site, Ti4+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form TiO6 octahedra that share corners with three LiO4 tetrahedra, corners with three NiO4 tetrahedra, edges with two LiO6 octahedra, and edges with four TiO6 octahedra. There are a spread of Ti–O bond distances ranging from 1.88–2.07 Å. In the second Ti4+ site, Ti4+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form TiO6 octahedra that share corners with three LiO4 tetrahedra, corners with three NiO4 tetrahedra, edges with two LiO6 octahedra, and edges with four TiO6 octahedra. There are a spread of Ti–O bond distances ranging from 1.87–2.10 Å. In the third Ti4+ site, Ti4+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form TiO6 octahedra that share corners with three LiO4 tetrahedra, corners with three NiO4 tetrahedra, edges with two LiO6 octahedra, and edges with four TiO6 octahedra. There are a spread of Ti–O bond distances ranging from 1.88–2.09 Å. In the fourth Ti4+ site, Ti4+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form TiO6 octahedra that share corners with three LiO4 tetrahedra, corners with three NiO4 tetrahedra, edges with two LiO6 octahedra, and edges with four TiO6 octahedra. There are a spread of Ti–O bond distances ranging from 1.88–2.07 Å. In the fifth Ti4+ site, Ti4+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form TiO6 octahedra that share corners with three LiO4 tetrahedra, corners with three NiO4 tetrahedra, edges with two LiO6 octahedra, and edges with four TiO6 octahedra. There are a spread of Ti–O bond distances ranging from 1.87–2.10 Å. In the sixth Ti4+ site, Ti4+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form TiO6 octahedra that share corners with three LiO4 tetrahedra, corners with three NiO4 tetrahedra, edges with two LiO6 octahedra, and edges with four TiO6 octahedra. There are a spread of Ti–O bond distances ranging from 1.88–2.09 Å. In the seventh Ti4+ site, Ti4+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form TiO6 octahedra that share corners with three LiO4 tetrahedra, corners with three NiO4 tetrahedra, edges with two LiO6 octahedra, and edges with four TiO6 octahedra. There are a spread of Ti–O bond distances ranging from 1.88–2.08 Å. In the eighth Ti4+ site, Ti4+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form TiO6 octahedra that share corners with three LiO4 tetrahedra, corners with three NiO4 tetrahedra, edges with two LiO6 octahedra, and edges with four TiO6 octahedra. There are a spread of Ti–O bond distances ranging from 1.88–2.10 Å. In the ninth Ti4+ site, Ti4+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form TiO6 octahedra that share corners with three LiO4 tetrahedra, corners with three NiO4 tetrahedra, edges with two LiO6 octahedra, and edges with four TiO6 octahedra. There are a spread of Ti–O bond distances ranging from 1.88–2.10 Å. In the tenth Ti4+ site, Ti4+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form TiO6 octahedra that share corners with three LiO4 tetrahedra, corners with three NiO4 tetrahedra, edges with two LiO6 octahedra, and edges with four TiO6 octahedra. There are a spread of Ti–O bond distances ranging from 1.88–2.08 Å. In the eleventh Ti4+ site, Ti4+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form TiO6 octahedra that share corners with three LiO4 tetrahedra, corners with three NiO4 tetrahedra, edges with two LiO6 octahedra, and edges with four TiO6 octahedra. There are a spread of Ti–O bond distances ranging from 1.87–2.11 Å. In the twelfth Ti4+ site, Ti4+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form TiO6 octahedra that share corners with three LiO4 tetrahedra, corners with three NiO4 tetrahedra, edges with two LiO6 octahedra, and edges with four TiO6 octahedra. There are a spread of Ti–O bond distances ranging from 1.88–2.09 Å. There are four inequivalent Ni2+ sites. In the first Ni2+ site, Ni2+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form NiO4 tetrahedra that share corners with three LiO6 octahedra and corners with nine TiO6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 56–65°. There are a spread of Ni–O bond distances ranging from 1.97–2.01 Å. In the second Ni2+ site, Ni2+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form NiO4 tetrahedra that share corners with three LiO6 octahedra and corners with nine TiO6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 55–64°. There are a spread of Ni–O bond distances ranging from 1.98–2.00 Å. In the third Ni2+ site, Ni2+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form NiO4 tetrahedra that share corners with three LiO6 octahedra and corners with nine TiO6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 56–65°. There are a spread of Ni–O bond distances ranging from 1.98–2.01 Å. In the fourth Ni2+ site, Ni2+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form NiO4 tetrahedra that share corners with three LiO6 octahedra and corners with nine TiO6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 56–64°. There is three shorter (1.98 Å) and one longer (2.01 Å) Ni–O bond length. There are thirty-two inequivalent O2- sites. In the first O2- site, O2- is bonded to two Li1+ and two Ti4+ atoms to form distorted OLi2Ti2 trigonal pyramids that share corners with twelve OLiTi2Ni trigonal pyramids and edges with three OLi2Ti2 trigonal pyramids. In the second O2- site, O2- is bonded to two Li1+ and two Ti4+ atoms to form distorted OLi2Ti2 trigonal pyramids that share corners with twelve OLiTi2Ni trigonal pyramids and edges with three OLi2Ti2 trigonal pyramids. In the third O2- site, O2- is bonded to one Li1+ and three Ti4+ atoms to form distorted OLiTi3 trigonal pyramids that share corners with twelve OLiTi2Ni trigonal pyramids and edges with three OLi2Ti2 trigonal pyramids. In the fourth O2- site, O2- is bonded to two Li1+ and two Ti4+ atoms to form distorted OLi2Ti2 trigonal pyramids that share corners with twelve OLiTi2Ni trigonal pyramids and edges with three OLiTi3 trigonal pyramids. In the fifth O2- site, O2- is bonded to one Li1+, two Ti4+, and one Ni2+ atom to form distorted OLiTi2Ni trigonal pyramids that share corners with twelve OLi2Ti2 trigonal pyramids and edges with three OLiTi2Ni trigonal pyramids. In the sixth O2- site, O2- is bonded to three Ti4+ and one Ni2+ atom to form distorted OTi3Ni trigonal pyramids that share corners with twelve OLi2Ti2 trigonal pyramids and edges with three OLiTi2Ni trigonal pyramids. In the seventh O2- site, O2- is bonded to one Li1+, two Ti4+, and one Ni2+ atom to form distorted OLiTi2Ni trigonal pyramids that share corners with twelve OLi2Ti2 trigonal pyramids and edges with three OTi3Ni trigonal pyramids. In the eighth O2- site, O2- is bonded to one Li1+, two Ti4+, and one Ni2+ atom to form distorted OLiTi2Ni trigonal pyramids that share corners with twelve OLi2Ti2 trigonal pyramids and edges with three OTi3Ni trigonal pyramids. In the ninth O2- site, O2- is bonded to one Li1+, two Ti4+, and one Ni2+ atom to form a mixture of distorted corner and edge-sharing OLiTi2Ni trigonal pyramids. In the tenth O2- site, O2- is bonded to one Li1+, two Ti4+, and one Ni2+ atom to form distorted OLiTi2Ni trigonal pyramids that share corners with twelve OTi3Ni trigonal pyramids and edges with three OLiTi2Ni trigonal pyramids. In the eleventh O2- site, O2- is bonded to three Ti4+ and one Ni2+ atom to form a mixture of distorted corner and edge-sharing OTi3Ni trigonal pyramids. In the twelfth O2- site, O2- is bonded to one Li1+, two Ti4+, and one Ni2+ atom to form distorted OLiTi2Ni trigonal pyramids that share corners with twelve OLiTi2Ni trigonal pyramids and edges with three OTi3Ni trigonal pyramids. In the thirteenth O2- site, O2- is bonded to two Li1+ and two Ti4+ atoms to form distorted OLi2Ti2 trigonal pyramids that share corners with twelve OLiTi2Ni trigonal pyramids and edges with three OLi2Ti2 trigonal pyramids. In the fourteenth O2- site, O2- is bonded to one Li1+ and three Ti4+ atoms to form distorted OLiTi3 trigonal pyramids that share corners with twelve OLiTi2Ni trigonal pyramids and edges with three OLi2Ti2 trigonal pyramids. In the fifteenth O2- site, O2- is bonded to two Li1+ and two Ti4+ atoms to form distorted OLi2Ti2 trigonal pyramids that share corners with twelve OLiTi2Ni trigonal pyramids and edges with three OLiTi3 trigonal pyramids. In the sixteenth O2- site, O2- is bonded to two Li1+ and two Ti4+ atoms to form distorted OLi2Ti2 trigonal pyramids that share corners with twelve OLiTi2Ni trigonal pyramids and edges with three OLiTi3 trigonal pyramids. In the seventeenth O2- site, O2- is bonded to two Li1+ and two Ti4+ atoms to form distorted OLi2Ti2 trigonal pyramids that share corners with twelve OLiTi2Ni trigonal pyramids and edges with three OLi2Ti2 trigonal pyramids. In the eighteenth O2- site, O2- is bonded to two Li1+ and two Ti4+ atoms to form distorted OLi2Ti2 trigonal pyramids that share corners with twelve OTi3Ni trigonal pyramids and edges with three OLi2Ti2 trigonal pyramids. In the nineteenth O2- site, O2- is bonded to one Li1+ and three Ti4+ atoms to form distorted OLiTi3 trigonal pyramids that share corners with twelve OTi3Ni trigonal pyramids and edges with three OLi2Ti2 trigonal pyramids. In the twentieth O2- site, O2- is bonded to two Li1+ and two Ti4+ atoms to form distorted OLi2Ti2 trigonal pyramids that share corners with twelve OLiTi2Ni trigonal pyramids and edges with three OLiTi3 trigonal pyramids. In the twenty-first O2- site, O2- is bonded to one Li1+, two Ti4+, and one Ni2+ atom to form a mixture of distorted corner and edge-sharing OLiTi2Ni trigonal pyramids. In the twenty-second O2- site, O2- is bonded to three Ti4+ and one Ni2+ atom to form a mixture of distorted corner and edge-sharing OTi3Ni trigonal pyramids. In the twenty-third O2- site, O2- is bonded to one Li1+,