DOE OSTI2020
Li2Mn3NiO8 is Spinel-derived structured and crystallizes in the triclinic P1 space group. The structure is three-dimensional. there are eight inequivalent Li1+ sites. In the first Li1+ site, Li1+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form LiO6 octahedra that share corners with three LiO4 tetrahedra, corners with three NiO4 tetrahedra, and edges with six MnO6 octahedra. There are a spread of Li–O bond distances ranging from 2.10–2.12 Å. In the second Li1+ site, Li1+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form LiO4 tetrahedra that share corners with three LiO6 octahedra and corners with nine MnO6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 54–67°. There is three shorter (1.98 Å) and one longer (1.99 Å) Li–O bond length. In the third Li1+ site, Li1+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form LiO4 tetrahedra that share corners with three LiO6 octahedra and corners with nine MnO6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 54–67°. There is three shorter (1.98 Å) and one longer (1.99 Å) Li–O bond length. In the fourth Li1+ site, Li1+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form LiO6 octahedra that share corners with three LiO4 tetrahedra, corners with three NiO4 tetrahedra, and edges with six MnO6 octahedra. There are a spread of Li–O bond distances ranging from 2.10–2.12 Å. In the fifth Li1+ site, Li1+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form LiO6 octahedra that share corners with three LiO4 tetrahedra, corners with three NiO4 tetrahedra, and edges with six MnO6 octahedra. There are a spread of Li–O bond distances ranging from 2.09–2.12 Å. In the sixth Li1+ site, Li1+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form LiO4 tetrahedra that share corners with three LiO6 octahedra and corners with nine MnO6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 55–67°. There is three shorter (1.98 Å) and one longer (1.99 Å) Li–O bond length. In the seventh Li1+ site, Li1+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form LiO4 tetrahedra that share corners with three LiO6 octahedra and corners with nine MnO6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 55–67°. There is three shorter (1.98 Å) and one longer (1.99 Å) Li–O bond length. In the eighth Li1+ site, Li1+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form LiO6 octahedra that share corners with three LiO4 tetrahedra, corners with three NiO4 tetrahedra, and edges with six MnO6 octahedra. There are two shorter (2.10 Å) and four longer (2.11 Å) Li–O bond lengths. There are twelve inequivalent Mn4+ sites. In the first Mn4+ site, Mn4+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form MnO6 octahedra that share corners with three LiO4 tetrahedra, corners with three NiO4 tetrahedra, edges with two LiO6 octahedra, and edges with four MnO6 octahedra. There are a spread of Mn–O bond distances ranging from 1.88–1.99 Å. In the second Mn4+ site, Mn4+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form MnO6 octahedra that share corners with three LiO4 tetrahedra, corners with three NiO4 tetrahedra, edges with two LiO6 octahedra, and edges with four MnO6 octahedra. There are a spread of Mn–O bond distances ranging from 1.88–1.98 Å. In the third Mn4+ site, Mn4+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form MnO6 octahedra that share corners with three LiO4 tetrahedra, corners with three NiO4 tetrahedra, edges with two LiO6 octahedra, and edges with four MnO6 octahedra. There are a spread of Mn–O bond distances ranging from 1.88–1.98 Å. In the fourth Mn4+ site, Mn4+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form MnO6 octahedra that share corners with three LiO4 tetrahedra, corners with three NiO4 tetrahedra, edges with two LiO6 octahedra, and edges with four MnO6 octahedra. There are a spread of Mn–O bond distances ranging from 1.88–1.98 Å. In the fifth Mn4+ site, Mn4+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form MnO6 octahedra that share corners with three LiO4 tetrahedra, corners with three NiO4 tetrahedra, edges with two LiO6 octahedra, and edges with four MnO6 octahedra. There are a spread of Mn–O bond distances ranging from 1.88–1.98 Å. In the sixth Mn4+ site, Mn4+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form MnO6 octahedra that share corners with three LiO4 tetrahedra, corners with three NiO4 tetrahedra, edges with two LiO6 octahedra, and edges with four MnO6 octahedra. There are a spread of Mn–O bond distances ranging from 1.88–1.99 Å. In the seventh Mn4+ site, Mn4+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form MnO6 octahedra that share corners with three LiO4 tetrahedra, corners with three NiO4 tetrahedra, edges with two LiO6 octahedra, and edges with four MnO6 octahedra. There are a spread of Mn–O bond distances ranging from 1.88–1.98 Å. In the eighth Mn4+ site, Mn4+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form MnO6 octahedra that share corners with three LiO4 tetrahedra, corners with three NiO4 tetrahedra, edges with two LiO6 octahedra, and edges with four MnO6 octahedra. There are a spread of Mn–O bond distances ranging from 1.88–1.98 Å. In the ninth Mn4+ site, Mn4+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form MnO6 octahedra that share corners with three LiO4 tetrahedra, corners with three NiO4 tetrahedra, edges with two LiO6 octahedra, and edges with four MnO6 octahedra. There are a spread of Mn–O bond distances ranging from 1.88–1.98 Å. In the tenth Mn4+ site, Mn4+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form MnO6 octahedra that share corners with three LiO4 tetrahedra, corners with three NiO4 tetrahedra, edges with two LiO6 octahedra, and edges with four MnO6 octahedra. There are a spread of Mn–O bond distances ranging from 1.88–1.98 Å. In the eleventh Mn4+ site, Mn4+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form MnO6 octahedra that share corners with three LiO4 tetrahedra, corners with three NiO4 tetrahedra, edges with two LiO6 octahedra, and edges with four MnO6 octahedra. There are a spread of Mn–O bond distances ranging from 1.88–1.98 Å. In the twelfth Mn4+ site, Mn4+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form MnO6 octahedra that share corners with three LiO4 tetrahedra, corners with three NiO4 tetrahedra, edges with two LiO6 octahedra, and edges with four MnO6 octahedra. There are a spread of Mn–O bond distances ranging from 1.88–1.98 Å. There are four inequivalent Ni2+ sites. In the first Ni2+ site, Ni2+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form NiO4 tetrahedra that share corners with three LiO6 octahedra and corners with nine MnO6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 54–67°. There are a spread of Ni–O bond distances ranging from 1.95–2.04 Å. In the second Ni2+ site, Ni2+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form NiO4 tetrahedra that share corners with three LiO6 octahedra and corners with nine MnO6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 54–66°. There are a spread of Ni–O bond distances ranging from 1.95–2.03 Å. In the third Ni2+ site, Ni2+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form NiO4 tetrahedra that share corners with three LiO6 octahedra and corners with nine MnO6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 54–66°. There is three shorter (1.95 Å) and one longer (2.04 Å) Ni–O bond length. In the fourth Ni2+ site, Ni2+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form NiO4 tetrahedra that share corners with three LiO6 octahedra and corners with nine MnO6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 54–66°. There is three shorter (1.95 Å) and one longer (2.04 Å) Ni–O bond length. There are thirty-two inequivalent O2- sites. In the first O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted rectangular see-saw-like geometry to two Li1+ and two Mn4+ atoms. In the second O2- site, O2- is bonded to two Li1+ and two Mn4+ atoms to form distorted OLi2Mn2 trigonal pyramids that share corners with two OMn3Ni tetrahedra, corners with eight OLiMn2Ni trigonal pyramids, and an edgeedge with one OLiMn3 trigonal pyramid. In the third O2- site, O2- is bonded to one Li1+ and three Mn4+ atoms to form distorted OLiMn3 trigonal pyramids that share corners with three OMn3Ni tetrahedra, corners with seven OLiMn2Ni trigonal pyramids, and edges with two OLi2Mn2 trigonal pyramids. In the fourth O2- site, O2- is bonded to two Li1+ and two Mn4+ atoms to form distorted OLi2Mn2 trigonal pyramids that share corners with two OMn3Ni tetrahedra, corners with six OLiMn2Ni trigonal pyramids, and edges with two OLiMn3 trigonal pyramids. In the fifth O2- site, O2- is bonded to one Li1+, two Mn4+, and one Ni2+ atom to form distorted OLiMn2Ni trigonal pyramids that share a cornercorner with one OMn3Ni tetrahedra, corners with five OLiMn3 trigonal pyramids, an edgeedge with one OMn3Ni tetrahedra, and edges with two OLiMn2Ni trigonal pyramids. In the sixth O2- site, O2- is bonded to three Mn4+ and one Ni2+ atom to form distorted OMn3Ni tetrahedra that share corners with nine OLi2Mn2 trigonal pyramids and edges with three OLiMn2Ni trigonal pyramids. In the seventh O2- site, O2- is bonded to one Li1+, two Mn4+, and one Ni2+ atom to form distorted OLiMn2Ni trigonal pyramids that share a cornercorner with one OMn3Ni tetrahedra, corners with seven OLi2Mn2 trigonal pyramids, an edgeedge with one OMn3Ni tetrahedra, and edges with two OLiMn2Ni trigonal pyramids. In the eighth O2- site, O2- is bonded to one Li1+, two Mn4+, and one Ni2+ atom to form distorted OLiMn2Ni trigonal pyramids that share a cornercorner with one OMn3Ni tetrahedra, corners with six OLiMn3 trigonal pyramids, an edgeedge with one OMn3Ni tetrahedra, and edges with two OLiMn2Ni trigonal pyramids. In the ninth O2- site, O2- is bonded to one Li1+, two Mn4+, and one Ni2+ atom to form distorted OLiMn2Ni trigonal pyramids that share a cornercorner with one OMn3Ni tetrahedra, corners with six OLiMn2Ni trigonal pyramids, an edgeedge with one OMn3Ni tetrahedra, and edges with two OLiMn2Ni trigonal pyramids. In the tenth O2- site, O2- is bonded to one Li1+, two Mn4+, and one Ni2+ atom to form distorted OLiMn2Ni trigonal pyramids that share a cornercorner with one OMn3Ni tetrahedra, corners with six OLi2Mn2 trigonal pyramids, an edgeedge with one OMn3Ni tetrahedra, and edges with two OLiMn2Ni trigonal pyramids. In the eleventh O2- site, O2- is bonded to three Mn4+ and one Ni2+ atom to form a mixture of distorted corner and edge-sharing OMn3Ni tetrahedra. In the twelfth O2- site, O2- is bonded to one Li1+, two Mn4+, and one Ni2+ atom to form distorted OLiMn2Ni trigonal pyramids that share a cornercorner with one OMn3Ni tetrahedra, corners with five OLiMn2Ni trigonal pyramids, an edgeedge with one OMn3Ni tetrahedra, and edges with two OLiMn2Ni trigonal pyramids. In the thirteenth O2- site, O2- is bonded to two Li1+ and two Mn4+ atoms to form distorted OLi2Mn2 trigonal pyramids that share corners with two OMn3Ni tetrahedra, corners with seven OLiMn2Ni trigonal pyramids, and edges with two OLi2Mn2 trigonal pyramids. In the fourteenth O2- site, O2- is bonded to one Li1+ and three Mn4+ atoms to form distorted OLiMn3 trigonal pyramids that share corners with three OMn3Ni tetrahedra, corners with six OLiMn2Ni trigonal pyramids, and edges with two OLi2Mn2 trigonal pyramids. In the fifteenth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted rectangular see-saw-like geometry to two Li1+ and two Mn4+ atoms. In the sixteenth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted rectangular see-saw-like geometry to two Li1+ and two Mn4+ atoms. In the seventeenth O2- site, O2- is bonded to two Li1+ and two Mn4+ atoms to form distorted OLi2Mn2 trigonal pyramids that share corners with two OMn3Ni tetrahedra, corners with five OLiMn2Ni trigonal pyramids, and edges with two OLi2Mn2 trigonal pyramids. In the eighteenth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted rectangular see-saw-like geometry to two Li1+ and two Mn4+ atoms. In the nineteenth O2- site, O2- is bonded to one Li1+ and three Mn4+ atoms to form distorted OLiMn3 trigonal pyramids that share corners with three OMn3Ni tetrahedra and corners with four OLiMn2Ni trigonal pyramids. In the twentieth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted rectangular see-saw-like geometry to two Li1+ and two Mn4+ atoms. In the twenty-first O2- site, O2- is bonded to one Li1+, two Mn4+, and one Ni2+ atom to form distorted O