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Materials Data on Li2CuSn by Materials Project

Li2CuSn is Zintl Phase-derived structured and crystallizes in the cubic F-43m space group. The structure is three-dimensional. there are two inequivalent Li sites. In the first Li site, Li is bonded to four equivalent Cu and six equivalent Sn atoms to form distorted LiCu4Sn6 tetrahedra that share corners with six equivalent LiCu4Sn6 tetrahedra, edges with twelve equivalent LiCu6Sn4 tetrahedra, and faces with sixteen LiCu4Sn6 tetrahedra. All Li–Cu bond lengths are 2.72 Å. All Li–Sn bond lengths are 3.15 Å. In the second Li site, Li is bonded to six equivalent Cu and four equivalent Sn atoms to form distorted LiCu6Sn4 tetrahedra that share corners with six equivalent LiCu6Sn4 tetrahedra, edges with twelve equivalent LiCu4Sn6 tetrahedra, and faces with sixteen LiCu4Sn6 tetrahedra. All Li–Cu bond lengths are 3.15 Å. All Li–Sn bond lengths are 2.72 Å. Cu is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to ten Li and four equivalent Sn atoms. All Cu–Sn bond lengths are 2.72 Å. Sn is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to ten Li and four equivalent Cu atoms.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗

Cycling-Induced Microstructural Changes in Alloy Anodes for Lithium-Ion Batteries

Abstract High-capacity electrochemical alloying materials, such as tin and tin-based alloys, present an opportunity for the advancement of lithium-ion batteries. However, the destructive effects of volumetric expansion must be mitigated in order to sustain this high capacity during extended cycling. One way to mitigate these effects is by alloying Sn with more malleable metals to accommodate the strain related to severe volumetric expansion. Ex situ X-ray microtomography data of cycled Cu6Sn5 pellets were used to quantify the microstructural changes that occur during lithiation and delithiation. The microtomography data were segmented into three distinct phases to evaluate phase size distributions, specific surface area, and tortuosity. Electrodes lithiated and then delithiated showed the most substantial reduction in overall phase sizes. This suggests that full lithiation of the Sn followed by partial delithiation of the Li4.4Sn to Li2CuSn can cause substantial microstructural changes related to volume expansion on lithiation and structural collapse upon delithiation. When considering other microstructural characteristics, this subset of the electrodes analyzed showed the highest tortuosity values. These results show that in addition to the mechanical degradation of the electrodes, excessive volume expansion can also influence transport networks in the active material and supporting phases of the electrode. While based on studies of the active–inactive alloy Cu6Sn5 for lithium-ion battery applications, the insights obtained are expected to be applicable to other alloy electrodes and battery chemistries.

Electrochemistry↗