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At least 19 records
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2024

Evaluation of Apparent Metabolizable Energy and Apparent Ileal Amino Acid Digestibility of Spirulina (Arthrospira platensis) in Broiler Chickens and Laying Hens

Our study objective was to determine the apparent metabolizable energy (AME) and apparent ileal amino acid digestibility (AIAAD) of spirulina fed to broiler chickens and laying hens using the difference method. In both experiments, birds were either fed corn-soybean meal basal diets, containing no spirulina and formulated to provide the nutrient requirements of either broilers or layers, or fed test diets consisting of 25% spirulina and 75% of the appropriate basal diet. Titanium dioxide was added to all diets as an indigestible marker. The diets were fed to 10 replicate cages/treatment of broilers and 15 replicate cages/treatment of laying hens. The AME of spirulina for broilers was significantly lower (p < 0.05) (2368 ± 104 kcal/kg, as fed) than for laying hens (3144 ± 173 kcal/kg, as fed), suggesting bird type and age may influence energy utilization. The AIAAD of spirulina fed to broiler chickens did not differ from that of laying hens (p > 0.05), except for valine, alanine, and glycine, which were all significantly higher in laying hens (p < 0.05). Overall, the AIAAD for nonessential amino acids averaged 81.1%, with no significant difference between essential and nonessential amino acids. Differences in spirulina nutrient content cited in the literature support further research to determine the optimal inclusion of this alternative ingredient in broiler and layer diets.

Agriculture↗
DOE OSTI2022

Warmer incubation temperatures and later lay–orders lead to shorter telomere lengths in wood duck ( Aix sponsa ) ducklings

The environment that animals experience during development shapes phenotypic expression. In birds, two important aspects of the early-developmental environment are lay-order sequence and incubation. Later-laid eggs tend to produce weaker offspring, sometimes with compensatory mechanisms to accelerate their growth rate to catch-up to their siblings. Further, small decreases in incubation temperature slow down embryonic growth rates and lead to wide-ranging negative effects on many post-hatch traits. Recently, telomeres, non-coding DNA sequences at the end of chromosomes, have been recognized as a potential proxy for fitness because longer telomeres are positively related to lifespan and individual quality in many animals, including birds. Although telomeres appear to be mechanistically linked to growth rate, little is known about how incubation temperature and lay-order may influence telomere length. We incubated wood duck (Aix sponsa) eggs at two ecologically-relevant temperatures (34.9 and 36.2ºC) and measured telomere length at hatch and one week after. We found that ducklings incubated at the lower temperature had longer telomeres than those incubated at the higher temperature both at hatch and one week later. Further, we found that later-laid eggs produced ducklings with shorter telomeres than those laid early in the lay-sequence, although lay-order was not related to embryonic developmental rate. Furthermore, this study contributes to our broader understanding of how parental effects can affect telomere length early in life. More work is needed to determine if these effects on telomere length persist until adulthood, and if they are associated with effects on fitness in this precocial species.

59 BASIC BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on LaY(MnSi)4 by Materials Project

LaY(MnSi)4 crystallizes in the tetragonal P4/mmm space group. The structure is three-dimensional. La3+ is bonded in a body-centered cubic geometry to eight equivalent Si4- atoms. All La–Si bond lengths are 3.12 Å. Y3+ is bonded in a distorted body-centered cubic geometry to eight equivalent Si4- atoms. All Y–Si bond lengths are 3.06 Å. Mn+2.50+ is bonded to four Si4- atoms to form a mixture of edge and corner-sharing MnSi4 tetrahedra. There are two shorter (2.37 Å) and two longer (2.38 Å) Mn–Si bond lengths. There are two inequivalent Si4- sites. In the first Si4- site, Si4- is bonded in a 9-coordinate geometry to four equivalent La3+, four equivalent Mn+2.50+, and one Si4- atom. The Si–Si bond length is 2.75 Å. In the second Si4- site, Si4- is bonded in a 9-coordinate geometry to four equivalent Y3+, four equivalent Mn+2.50+, and one Si4- atom. The Si–Si bond length is 2.50 Å.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on LaY(MnSi)2 by Materials Project

LaY(MnSi)2 crystallizes in the tetragonal P4mm space group. The structure is three-dimensional. La is bonded in a 9-coordinate geometry to four equivalent Y, four equivalent Mn, and five Si atoms. All La–Y bond lengths are 3.88 Å. All La–Mn bond lengths are 3.01 Å. There are four shorter (3.13 Å) and one longer (3.39 Å) La–Si bond lengths. Y is bonded in a 9-coordinate geometry to four equivalent La, four equivalent Mn, and six Si atoms. All Y–Mn bond lengths are 2.88 Å. There are a spread of Y–Si bond distances ranging from 3.07–3.56 Å. Mn is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to two equivalent La, two equivalent Y, and four Si atoms. There are two shorter (2.36 Å) and two longer (2.37 Å) Mn–Si bond lengths. There are two inequivalent Si sites. In the first Si site, Si is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to one La, four equivalent Y, and four equivalent Mn atoms. In the second Si site, Si is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to four equivalent La, two equivalent Y, and four equivalent Mn atoms.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on LaY(Co4B)2 by Materials Project

LaY(Co4B)2 crystallizes in the hexagonal P6/mmm space group. The structure is three-dimensional. La is bonded in a 6-coordinate geometry to two equivalent Y and six equivalent Co atoms. Both La–Y bond lengths are 3.43 Å. All La–Co bond lengths are 2.91 Å. Y is bonded in a 12-coordinate geometry to two equivalent La, twelve equivalent Co, and six equivalent B atoms. All Y–Co bond lengths are 2.90 Å. All Y–B bond lengths are 2.91 Å. There are two inequivalent Co sites. In the first Co site, Co is bonded in a distorted L-shaped geometry to two equivalent Y, two equivalent Co, and two equivalent B atoms. Both Co–Co bond lengths are 2.47 Å. Both Co–B bond lengths are 2.04 Å. In the second Co site, Co is bonded in a 12-coordinate geometry to three equivalent La and six equivalent Co atoms. B is bonded in a 6-coordinate geometry to three equivalent Y and six equivalent Co atoms.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on LaY by Materials Project

LaY is beta-derived structured and crystallizes in the trigonal R3m space group. The structure is three-dimensional. there are five inequivalent La sites. In the first La site, La is bonded to nine La and three equivalent Y atoms to form LaLa9Y3 cuboctahedra that share corners with six equivalent LaLa9Y3 cuboctahedra, corners with nine YLa3Y9 cuboctahedra, edges with nine YLa3Y9 cuboctahedra, edges with twelve LaLa9Y3 cuboctahedra, faces with seven YLa6Y6 cuboctahedra, and faces with twelve LaLa9Y3 cuboctahedra. There are six shorter (3.68 Å) and three longer (3.77 Å) La–La bond lengths. All La–Y bond lengths are 3.70 Å. In the second La site, La is bonded to six equivalent La and six Y atoms to form LaLa6Y6 cuboctahedra that share corners with six equivalent YLa3Y9 cuboctahedra, corners with nine LaLa6Y6 cuboctahedra, edges with nine LaLa6Y6 cuboctahedra, edges with twelve YLa6Y6 cuboctahedra, faces with six equivalent LaLa6Y6 cuboctahedra, and faces with thirteen YLa3Y9 cuboctahedra. All La–La bond lengths are 3.68 Å. There are three shorter (3.67 Å) and three longer (3.73 Å) La–Y bond lengths. In the third La site, La is bonded to nine La and three equivalent Y atoms to form LaLa9Y3 cuboctahedra that share corners with six equivalent YLa3Y9 cuboctahedra, corners with nine LaLa6Y6 cuboctahedra, edges with six equivalent YLa6Y6 cuboctahedra, edges with fifteen LaLa9Y3 cuboctahedra, faces with seven YLa3Y9 cuboctahedra, and faces with twelve LaLa9Y3 cuboctahedra. All La–La bond lengths are 3.68 Å. All La–Y bond lengths are 3.65 Å. In the fourth La site, La is bonded to six equivalent La and six Y atoms to form LaLa6Y6 cuboctahedra that share corners with six equivalent YLa3Y9 cuboctahedra, corners with nine LaLa9Y3 cuboctahedra, edges with nine LaLa9Y3 cuboctahedra, edges with twelve YLa3Y9 cuboctahedra, faces with six equivalent LaLa6Y6 cuboctahedra, and faces with thirteen YLa3Y9 cuboctahedra. All La–La bond lengths are 3.68 Å. There are three shorter (3.67 Å) and three longer (3.73 Å) La–Y bond lengths. In the fifth La site, La is bonded to six equivalent La and six Y atoms to form LaLa6Y6 cuboctahedra that share corners with six equivalent YLa3Y9 cuboctahedra, corners with nine LaLa9Y3 cuboctahedra, edges with nine LaLa9Y3 cuboctahedra, edges with twelve YLa3Y9 cuboctahedra, faces with six equivalent LaLa6Y6 cuboctahedra, and faces with thirteen YLa3Y9 cuboctahedra. All La–La bond lengths are 3.68 Å. There are three shorter (3.67 Å) and three longer (3.73 Å) La–Y bond lengths. There are four inequivalent Y sites. In the first Y site, Y is bonded to three equivalent La and nine Y atoms to form YLa3Y9 cuboctahedra that share corners with three equivalent LaLa9Y3 cuboctahedra, corners with twelve YLa3Y9 cuboctahedra, edges with nine LaLa9Y3 cuboctahedra, edges with twelve YLa3Y9 cuboctahedra, faces with six equivalent LaLa6Y6 cuboctahedra, and faces with thirteen YLa3Y9 cuboctahedra. There are three shorter (3.56 Å) and six longer (3.68 Å) Y–Y bond lengths. In the second Y site, Y is bonded to three equivalent La and nine Y atoms to form YLa3Y9 cuboctahedra that share corners with six equivalent YLa3Y9 cuboctahedra, corners with twelve LaLa6Y6 cuboctahedra, edges with six equivalent LaLa9Y3 cuboctahedra, edges with twelve YLa3Y9 cuboctahedra, faces with eight LaLa9Y3 cuboctahedra, and faces with twelve YLa3Y9 cuboctahedra. All Y–Y bond lengths are 3.68 Å. In the third Y site, Y is bonded to six La and six equivalent Y atoms to form YLa6Y6 cuboctahedra that share corners with six equivalent LaLa9Y3 cuboctahedra, corners with twelve YLa3Y9 cuboctahedra, edges with six equivalent YLa6Y6 cuboctahedra, edges with twelve LaLa6Y6 cuboctahedra, faces with seven YLa3Y9 cuboctahedra, and faces with thirteen LaLa9Y3 cuboctahedra. All Y–Y bond lengths are 3.68 Å. In the fourth Y site, Y is bonded to six La and six equivalent Y atoms to form YLa6Y6 cuboctahedra that share corners with six equivalent LaLa9Y3 cuboctahedra, corners with twelve YLa3Y9 cuboctahedra, edges with six equivalent YLa6Y6 cuboctahedra, edges with twelve LaLa9Y3 cuboctahedra, faces with seven YLa3Y9 cuboctahedra, and faces with thirteen LaLa9Y3 cuboctahedra. All Y–La bond lengths are 3.65 Å. All Y–Y bond lengths are 3.68 Å.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on LaY by Materials Project

LaY crystallizes in the hexagonal P6_3/mmc space group. The structure is three-dimensional. La is bonded to six equivalent La and six equivalent Y atoms to form LaLa6Y6 cuboctahedra that share corners with twelve equivalent LaLa6Y6 cuboctahedra, edges with twelve equivalent LaLa6Y6 cuboctahedra, edges with twelve equivalent YLa6Y6 cuboctahedra, faces with six equivalent LaLa6Y6 cuboctahedra, and faces with twelve equivalent YLa6Y6 cuboctahedra. All La–La bond lengths are 3.68 Å. All La–Y bond lengths are 3.66 Å. Y is bonded to six equivalent La and six equivalent Y atoms to form YLa6Y6 cuboctahedra that share corners with eighteen equivalent YLa6Y6 cuboctahedra, edges with six equivalent YLa6Y6 cuboctahedra, edges with twelve equivalent LaLa6Y6 cuboctahedra, faces with eight equivalent YLa6Y6 cuboctahedra, and faces with twelve equivalent LaLa6Y6 cuboctahedra. All Y–Y bond lengths are 3.68 Å.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on LaY by Materials Project

LaY is beta-derived structured and crystallizes in the trigonal R3m space group. The structure is three-dimensional. there are five inequivalent La sites. In the first La site, La is bonded to nine La and three equivalent Y atoms to form LaLa9Y3 cuboctahedra that share corners with six equivalent LaLa9Y3 cuboctahedra, corners with twelve YLa3Y9 cuboctahedra, edges with six equivalent YLa3Y9 cuboctahedra, edges with twelve LaLa9Y3 cuboctahedra, faces with eight YLa3Y9 cuboctahedra, and faces with twelve LaLa9Y3 cuboctahedra. There are six shorter (3.69 Å) and three longer (3.73 Å) La–La bond lengths. All La–Y bond lengths are 3.63 Å. In the second La site, La is bonded to six equivalent La and six Y atoms to form LaLa6Y6 cuboctahedra that share corners with six equivalent YLa3Y9 cuboctahedra, corners with twelve LaLa6Y6 cuboctahedra, edges with six equivalent LaLa6Y6 cuboctahedra, edges with twelve YLa3Y9 cuboctahedra, faces with seven LaLa6Y6 cuboctahedra, and faces with thirteen YLa3Y9 cuboctahedra. All La–La bond lengths are 3.69 Å. There are three shorter (3.60 Å) and three longer (3.67 Å) La–Y bond lengths. In the third La site, La is bonded to nine La and three equivalent Y atoms to form LaLa9Y3 cuboctahedra that share corners with three equivalent YLa3Y9 cuboctahedra, corners with twelve LaLa6Y6 cuboctahedra, edges with nine YLa3Y9 cuboctahedra, edges with twelve LaLa9Y3 cuboctahedra, faces with six equivalent YLa6Y6 cuboctahedra, and faces with thirteen LaLa9Y3 cuboctahedra. All La–La bond lengths are 3.69 Å. All La–Y bond lengths are 3.67 Å. In the fourth La site, La is bonded to six equivalent La and six Y atoms to form LaLa6Y6 cuboctahedra that share corners with six equivalent YLa3Y9 cuboctahedra, corners with twelve LaLa9Y3 cuboctahedra, edges with six equivalent LaLa6Y6 cuboctahedra, edges with twelve YLa3Y9 cuboctahedra, faces with seven LaLa9Y3 cuboctahedra, and faces with thirteen YLa3Y9 cuboctahedra. All La–La bond lengths are 3.69 Å. There are three shorter (3.60 Å) and three longer (3.67 Å) La–Y bond lengths. In the fifth La site, La is bonded to six equivalent La and six Y atoms to form LaLa6Y6 cuboctahedra that share corners with six equivalent YLa3Y9 cuboctahedra, corners with twelve LaLa9Y3 cuboctahedra, edges with six equivalent LaLa6Y6 cuboctahedra, edges with twelve YLa3Y9 cuboctahedra, faces with seven LaLa9Y3 cuboctahedra, and faces with thirteen YLa3Y9 cuboctahedra. All La–La bond lengths are 3.69 Å. There are three shorter (3.60 Å) and three longer (3.67 Å) La–Y bond lengths. There are four inequivalent Y sites. In the first Y site, Y is bonded to three equivalent La and nine Y atoms to form YLa3Y9 cuboctahedra that share corners with six equivalent LaLa9Y3 cuboctahedra, corners with nine YLa3Y9 cuboctahedra, edges with six equivalent LaLa6Y6 cuboctahedra, edges with fifteen YLa6Y6 cuboctahedra, faces with seven LaLa9Y3 cuboctahedra, and faces with twelve YLa3Y9 cuboctahedra. There are three shorter (3.54 Å) and six longer (3.69 Å) Y–Y bond lengths. In the second Y site, Y is bonded to six La and six equivalent Y atoms to form YLa6Y6 cuboctahedra that share corners with six equivalent LaLa9Y3 cuboctahedra, corners with nine YLa3Y9 cuboctahedra, edges with nine YLa3Y9 cuboctahedra, edges with twelve LaLa9Y3 cuboctahedra, faces with six equivalent YLa6Y6 cuboctahedra, and faces with thirteen LaLa9Y3 cuboctahedra. All Y–Y bond lengths are 3.69 Å. In the third Y site, Y is bonded to three equivalent La and nine Y atoms to form YLa3Y9 cuboctahedra that share corners with six equivalent YLa3Y9 cuboctahedra, corners with nine LaLa6Y6 cuboctahedra, edges with nine LaLa9Y3 cuboctahedra, edges with twelve YLa3Y9 cuboctahedra, faces with seven LaLa9Y3 cuboctahedra, and faces with twelve YLa3Y9 cuboctahedra. All Y–Y bond lengths are 3.69 Å. In the fourth Y site, Y is bonded to six La and six equivalent Y atoms to form YLa6Y6 cuboctahedra that share corners with six equivalent LaLa9Y3 cuboctahedra, corners with nine YLa3Y9 cuboctahedra, edges with nine YLa3Y9 cuboctahedra, edges with twelve LaLa9Y3 cuboctahedra, faces with six equivalent YLa6Y6 cuboctahedra, and faces with thirteen LaLa9Y3 cuboctahedra. All Y–La bond lengths are 3.67 Å. All Y–Y bond lengths are 3.69 Å.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2022

The lay of the land: What we know about non-operating agricultural and absentee forest landowners in the U.S. and Europe

While non-operating agricultural and absentee forest landowners across the U.S. and Europe are an important group of landowners, our understanding of them remains relatively limited. In this paper, we conduct a systematic literature review on these landowners to encapsulate a current lay of the land in terms of what we know about these landowners and move the dialogue on this topic forward. Eighty-one articles are identified in our search of empirical literature. For each of the landowner types, we discuss their demographics and the three primary themes that emerged related to land management: participation in land management decisions, attitudes regarding land use and ownership, and resource needs in working with these landowners. For agricultural non-operating landowners, we find limited participation in land management decisions, particularly among women, a variety of individual and social factors play a role in involvement, and while they have pro-conservation attitudes, implementation of conservation practices is more limited. Absentee forest landowners we find are more willing to use management plans, yet less willing to engage in active management and risk reduction. These landowners have a range of attitudes regarding land use, with studies highlighting recreation, conservation, and profit motivations. In conclusion, our review concludes with identifying specific needs for more research and outreach on these landowners.

absentee↗
DOE OSTI2020

Challenges and Solutions in Operation and Lay-Up of the Modular Caustic- Side Solvent Extraction Unit - 20078

The Modular Caustic-Side Solvent Extraction (CSSX) Unit (MCU) was designed and constructed to provide interim salt waste processing so that the Liquid Waste Disposition Program (LWDP) could continue waste removal and tank closure until start-up of the Salt Waste Processing Facility (SWPF). MCU processes Clarified Salt Solution (CSS), or salt solution (SS) that has undergone actinide removal/filtration, to produce two waste streams: the cesium laden Strip Effluent (SE), which is incorporated into glass at the Defense Waste Processing Facility (DWPF), and the cesium depleted Decontaminated SS (DSS), which is incorporated into grout at the Saltstone Production Facility (SPF). MCU completed start-up in 2008 with an initial operating life of 3 years and design life of 5 years. Prior to reaching the end of the design life, multiple critical components were upgraded and/or replaced to mitigate risks associated with any delays in SWPF start-up. During the remainder of operation (until June 2019), MCU was challenged to maximize processing with minimal additional modifications to repair/improve aging infrastructure, while maintaining low levels of risk to workers and the environment. Notable challenges during the extended operating life of the facility involved both mechanical and operational issues. Two of the most significant issues were the increased frequency of Process Vessel Ventilation (PVV) High Efficiency Particulate Air (HEPA) filter change-outs and the biofouling of the SE coalescer (SEC). The major impacts of both issues were that replacement of these components 1) resulted in high exposure to workers, and 2) required substantial downtime, thus hindering achievement of processing goals. PVV HEPA filter replacements are required based on dose rate and differential pressure (dP) limits. After introducing a higher-curie feed to MCU, the operating time between change outs was reduced by approximately half. SEC replacements are required based on dP limits. After restarting from an extended outage, the operating life of the SEC was significantly reduced by more than half due to biofouling. As a result of extensive troubleshooting and process improvements, the facility was able to recover performance and extend the operating life of the PVV HEPA filters and the SEC media. Through troubleshooting both of these issues, the facility was also able to learn from prior experience and adapt in order to minimize down time and maintain throughput. Although the facility took advantage of short periods of downtime to perform nonintrusive troubleshooting and minor corrective/preventative maintenance activities, longer outages were periodically required for corrective maintenance involving process cell entry. During these outages, remote tools and specialized shield plates were employed to minimize dose to workers. Mock-ups of non-routine maintenance activities were critical to early identification of potential issues and improvements, which shortened outage duration. Consistent with the facility's operational strategy, evolutions needed for MCU layup were identified and sequenced to ensure safe conditions within the facility, meet pre-defined criteria for lay-up configuration, and protect workers, while minimizing the impact to SWPF integration. De-inventory and flushing of process areas was prioritized so that the total residual inventory was reduced as efficiently as possible. This paper discusses lessons learned and best practices from troubleshooting unique issues, performing complex maintenance activities, and implementing a layup strategy that best supports the overall system mission. (authors)

12 MANAGEMENT OF RADIOACTIVE AND NON-RADIOACTIVE W↗
DOE OSTI2020

Two decades of DOE investment lays the foundation for TRISO-fueled reactors

Tristructural isotropic (TRISO) coated particle fuel is a robust, microencapsulated fuel form developed originally for use in high-temperature gas-cooled reactors (HTGRs). The particles consist of a spherical fissile kernel surrounded by several layers of pyrocarbon and a silicon carbide (SiC) layer (Figure 1). The particles are formed into cylindrical or spherical fuel forms using a resinated graphite matrix material for insertion into an HTGR. The kernel and coating layers together act to retain fission products within the particle during normal reactor operation and during postulated accidents; TRISO particles can maintain structural integrity at extremely high temperatures, reaching as high as approximately 1,600°C in limiting HTGR accidents. This limits the fission product activity circulating in the helium coolant and the activity released to the environment during accidents. Acceptable performance of TRISO particles is therefore essential for reactor safety.

21 SPECIFIC NUCLEAR REACTORS AND ASSOCIATED PLANTS↗
DOE OSTI2023

Impacts of Thawing Permafrost on Residential Infrastructure: Results and Resources

Permafrost underlies approximately 20% of the landmass in the Northern Hemisphere. Inevitably human infrastructure has been and will be built on permafrost; however, due to climate change, the permafrost in many regions has begun to thaw. Using past reports and surveys as guidance, a survey was conducted to track the effects of permafrost thaw on housing infrastructure in the community of Point Lay, Alaska. The Cold Climate Housing Research Center, Inc. and the National Renewable Energy Lab conducted a literature review and interviews to document community issues from thawing permafrost and identify potential mitigation strategies for existing and new infrastructure. Researchers also identified strategies for individual homeowners to inspect their foundations for current issues or anticipate future ones. This poster will cover the results from the survey on the effects of permafrost thawing to Point Lay and include permafrost basics, common concerns from thawing permafrost, steps to identify permafrost sites and visible signs of permafrost degradation, and potential mitigation strategies that may be beneficial to Alaskans and increase resilience in the Arctic.

Alaska↗
DOE OSTI2023

Crystal chemistry at high pressure

The chemistry we are taught in school, and we experience in our daily existence occurs at 1 atm. However, pressure spans an astounding 62 orders of magnitude in the Universe in going from the void of interstellar space to the crushing conditions at the center of a neutron star. The way in which pressure affects chemistry is important for Earth and planetary sciences, materials science, in understanding the extreme conditions experienced in nuclear explosions, and it may be key in addressing the future energy needs of our society. In this article we outline how the often neglected pressure variable affects chemistry, beginning from the way in which atomic energy levels are altered. This lays the foundation for understanding the unique crystal and electronic structures that emerge when matter is squeezed, as well as pressure’s effect on chemical reactivity. Finally, we give an overview of the main concepts behind conventional, or phonon-mediated, superconductivity, and describe how the pressure variable may be key in discovering and designing light-element based materials whose superconducting critical temperatures approach room temperature. Here, we discuss some of the main families of superconducting hydrides that have been predicted computationally, and the experimental successes in this exciting and rapidly developing field.

Chemical bonding↗