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Ga(La) crystallizes in the orthorhombic Cmcm space group. The structure is three-dimensional. La is bonded in a 7-coordinate geometry to seven equivalent Ga atoms. There are a spread of La–Ga bond distances ranging from 3.23–3.41 Å. Ga is bonded in a 9-coordinate geometry to seven equivalent La and two equivalent Ga atoms. Both Ga–Ga bond lengths are 2.64 Å.
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Transfers of multiple electrons and protons are challenging yet central to many energy-conversion processes and other chemical and biochemical reactions. Semiconducting oxides can hold multiple redox equivalents. This study describes the 2e – /2H + transfer reactivity of photo-reduced ZnO and TiO 2 nanoparticle (NP) colloids with molecular 2e – /2H + acceptors, to form new O-H, N-H, and C-H bonds. The reaction stoichi-ometries were monitored by NMR and optical spectroscopies. Faster 2e – /2H + transfer rates were observed for substrates forming O-H or N-H bonds, presumably due to initial hydrogen bonding at the oxide surface. Chemically reduced ZnO NPs stabilized by Na + or Ca 2+ also engage in 2e – /2H + transfer reactivity, showing that protons transferred in these processes are inherent to the oxide nanoparticles and do not exclusively stem from photoreduction. Furthermore, these results highlight the potential of ZnO and TiO 2 for multiple proton-coupled electron transfer (PCET) reactions.