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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 19 records
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2012

Selective photoionisation of lutetium isotopes

A three-stage laser photoionisation scheme intended for enriching the {sup 176}Lu isotope from natural lutetium was considered. An investigation was made of the hyperfine structure of the second excited state 5d6s7s {yields} {sup 4}D{sub 3/2} with an energy of 37194 cm{sup -1} and the autoionisation state with an energy of 53375 cm{sup -1} of the {sup 176}Lu and {sup 175}Lu isotopes. The total electron momentum of the autoionisation level and the constant A of hyperfine magnetic interaction were determined. Due to a small value of the isotopic shift between {sup 176}Lu and {sup 175}Lu, appreciable selectivity of their separation may be achieved with individual hyperfine structure components. The first tentative enrichment of the 176Lu isotope was performed to a concentration of 60 % - 70 %. (laser applications and other topics in quantum electronics)

71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗
DOE OSTI2018

Experimental study of the degree of extraction of a target isotope in the process of laser photoionisation separation of lutetium isotopes

The degree of target isotope extraction is studied in application to the problem of extracting the radioisotope {sup 177}Lu by means of the laser photoionisation method using the developed high-efficiency three-stage scheme 5d6s{sup 2 2}D{sub 3/2}–5d6s6p {sup 4}D{sub 3/2}–53375.049 cm{sup −1}. (isotope laser emission)

71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗
DOE OSTI2012

Discovery of gallium, germanium, lutetium, and hafnium isotopes

Currently, twenty-eight gallium, thirty-one germanium, thirty-five lutetium, and thirty-six hafnium isotopes have been observed and the discovery of these isotopes is described here. For each isotope a brief synopsis of the first refereed publication, including the production and identification method, is presented.

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2010

Nuclear Data Sheets for A=182

Nuclear spectroscopic information for known nuclides of mass number 182 (Lu,Hf,Ta,W,Re,Os,Ir,Pt,Au,Hg, Tl,Pb) with Z=71 to 82 and N=111 to 100 have been evaluated and presented together with adopted energies and J{pi} of levels in these nuclei. No excited state data are yet available for {sup 182}Lu, while only limited structure information is available for {sup 182}Pb and {sup 182}Tl. Rotational band structures are known for {sup 182}Hg and {sup 182}Au but spin-parity assignments remain largely tentative. The decays of {sup 182}Lu, {sup 182}Hg, {sup 182}Au and {sup 182}Tl are not well established. The {sup 182}Hf isotope is of geophysical and astrophysical interest. This evaluation supersedes previous full evaluations of A=182 published by 1988Fi05 and 1975Sc13, and a selected (mainly high-spin) update of A=182 published by 1995Si04.

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2010

The triaxial particle plus rotor model and wobbling mode: A semiclassical view

A systematic analysis of the triaxial particle rotor model with single-j shell configuration is carried out to explain the prominent features of observed wobbling excitations in odd A nuclei. The equations of motion for the angular momentum vectors I-vector and j-vector generate two types of equilibrium (i.e., (i) the axes aligned and (ii) the planar) states. The planar equilibrium states involve mainly the orientation degree of freedom {gamma} and their Jacobian matrix J gives purely imaginary eigenvalues in conjugate pairs. Also, our dynamical results show a substantial projection of angular momentum vectors on all the three principal axes, which implies that the resultant angular momentum lies outside the planes of three axes. Both these signatures confirm the spontaneous breakdown of time reversal (T) plus rotation by 180 deg. (R{sub {pi}}) i.e., R{sub {pi}T} symmetry and as a result nearly two identical bands consisting of even and odd spins emerge. We have tested our dynamical formalism for the wobbling mode observed in {sup 163}Lu.

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2011

Rotational structures and the wobbling mode in {sup 167}Ta

Excited states in the neutron-deficient nucleus {sup 167}Ta were studied through the {sup 120}Sn({sup 51}V,4n) reaction. Twelve rotational bands have been observed and the relative excitation energy of each sequence is now known owing to the multiple interband connections. Several quasineutron alignments were observed that aided in the quasiparticle assignments of these bands. The resulting interpretation is in line with observations in neighboring nuclei. Trends in the wobbling phonon energy seen in {sup 161,163,165,167}Lu and {sup 167}Ta are also discussed and particle-rotor model calculations (assuming constant moments of inertia) are found to be inconsistent with the experimental data.

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2011

Direct evidence for inelastic neutron 'acceleration' by {sup 177}Lu{sup m}

The inelastic neutron acceleration cross section on the long-lived metastable state of {sup 177}Lu has been measured using a direct method. High-energy neutrons have been detected using a specially designed setup placed on a cold neutron beam extracted from the ORPHEE reactor in Saclay. The 146{+-}19 b inelastic neutron acceleration cross section in the ORPHEE cold neutron flux confirms the high cross section for this process on the {sup 177}Lu{sup m} isomer. The deviation from the 258{+-}58 b previously published obtained for a Maxwellian neutron flux at a 323 K temperature could be explained by the presence of a low energy resonance. Resonance parameters are deduced and discussed.

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2010

Properties of triaxial, strongly deformed bands in {sup 167}Ta and {sup 167}Lu and the top-on-top model

Based on the particle-rotor model with one particle coupled to a triaxially deformed rotor, the experimental excitation energy relative to a reference E*-aI(I+1) and the ratio between interband and intraband electromagnetic transitions are well reproduced for {sup 167}Ta with {gamma}=19 deg. The same parameter set for the angular-momentum-dependent rigid-body moments of inertia attains good agreement with experimental data for the positive-parity triaxial, strongly deformed (TSD) band levels in {sup 167}Lu. An attempt is made to investigate the negative-parity TSD band in {sup 167}Lu.

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2011

Cross section for inelastic neutron ''acceleration'' by {sup 178}Hf{sup m2}

The scattering of thermal neutrons from isomeric nuclei may include events in which the outgoing neutrons have increased kinetic energy. This process has been called inelastic neutron acceleration, or INNA, and occurs when the final nucleus, after emission of the neutron, is left in a state with lower energy than that of the isomer. The result, therefore, is an induced depletion of the isomer to the ground state. A cascade of several {gamma}'s must accompany the neutron emission to release the high angular momentum of the initial isomeric state. INNA was previously observed in a few cases, and the measured cross sections were only in modest agreement with theoretical estimates. The most recent measurement of an INNA cross section was {sigma}{sub INNA}=258{+-}58 b for neutron scattering by {sup 177}Lu{sup m}. In the present work, an INNA cross section of {sigma}{sub INNA}=168 {+-} 33 b was deduced from measurements of the total burnup of the high-spin, four-quasiparticle isomer {sup 178}Hf{sup m2} during irradiation by thermal neutrons. Statistical estimates for the probability of different reaction channels past neutron absorption were used in the analysis, and the deduced {sigma}{sub INNA} was compared to the theoretically predicted cross section.

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2010

On the question of connections between high-K and low-K states in {sup 180}Ta and {sup 176}Lu

Possible connections between the high- and low-K states in the odd-odd isotopes {sup 176}Lu and {sup 180}Ta are discussed in the context of photoactivation resonances, and the implications for excitations in a stellar environment. Recent spectroscopic studies using (d, 2n) reactions provide limits on the {gamma}-ray branches expected if proposed intermediate states are correct in {sup 180}Ta and {sup 176}Lu, while Deep-inelastic measurements have observed a definitive set of connections in {sup 176}Lu.

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2016

Electronic Raman scattering and the renormalization of the electron spectrum in LuB{sub 12}

The electronic Raman scattering in LuB{sub 12} single crystals of various isotope compositions is studied in the temperature range 10–650 K. The shape and the energy position of spectral maxima depend on the direction and magnitude of a probe wavevector, the temperature, and the excitation symmetry and remain unchanged when the isotope composition changes. Experimental spectra are compared with the spectra simulated on the basis of a calculated electronic structure. The experimental results are successfully described when the electron spectrum renormalization effects caused by electron–phonon coupling are taken into account. This confirms that the origin of the observed spectra in LuB{sub 12} is due to Raman scattering by electrons. A comparison of the calculated and experimental data makes it possible to determine the coupling constant (λ{sub ep} = 0.32) that gives the correct superconducting transition temperature.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗
DOE OSTI2026

Isotope harvesting from a NSCL beam blocker: Isolation of 173,174 lu

A decommissioned beam blocker from the National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory was processed for recovery of long-lived Lu radioisotopes at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory. The beam blocker was a W alloy that had built up considerable levels of activation from high energy particle irradiation over the course of 20 years. The isolation of 173,174 Lu from the bulk material required a complex chemical separation scheme due to the large mass and the wide variety of elements present. The final yield of 173,174 Lu was 76.7 ± 4.8% with an extremely high radiopurity and chemical purity. The reduction in W mass from the initial material to the final sample was 8 × 10 10 . In conclusion, the results show great promise for extracting large quantities of Lu radioisotopes from these types of W beam blockers at the Facility for Rare Isotope Beams, which will be irradiated at levels significantly higher than the beam blocker investigated here.

and nuclear chemistry↗
DOE OSTI2015

THE LU ISOTOPIC COMPOSITION OF ACHONDRITES: CLOSING THE CASE FOR ACCELERATED DECAY OF {sup 176}LU

Studies of Lu–Hf isotope systematics in meteorites have produced apparent “ages” that are older than Pb–Pb ages and older than the estimated age of our solar system. One proposed explanation for this discrepancy is that irradiation by cosmic rays caused excitation of {sup 176}Lu to its short-lived isomer that then underwent rapid decay to {sup 176}Hf. This explanation can account for apparent excesses in {sup 176}Hf that correlate with Lu/Hf ratio. Mass balance requires that samples with measurable excess in {sup 176}Hf should also have measurable deficiencies in {sup 176}Lu on the order of 1‰–3‰. To unambiguously test the accelerated decay hypothesis, we have measured the {sup 176}Lu/{sup 175}Lu ratio in terrestrial materials and achondrites to search for evidence of depletion in {sup 176}Lu. To a precision of 0.1‰ terrestrial standards, cumulate and basaltic eucrites and angrites all have the same {sup 176}Lu/{sup 175}Lu ratio. Barring a subsequent mass-dependent fractionation event, these results suggest that the apparent excesses in {sup 176}Hf are not caused by accelerated decay of {sup 176}Lu, and so another hypothesis is required to explain apparently old Lu–Hf ages.

79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2010

Isotope effect in charge transport of LuB{sub 12}

The galvanomagnetic properties of single-crystal samples with various isotopic boron compositions have been investigated for the first time for the normal state of superconductor LuB{sub 12} (Tc {approx} 0.44 K). Precision measurements of the resistivity, Hall coefficient, and magnetic susceptibility have been performed over a wide temperature range of 2-300 K in magnetic fields up to 80 kOe. A change of the charge transport regime in this nonmagnetic compound with metallic conduction is shown to occur near T* {approx} 50-70 K. As a result, a sharp peak with significantly different amplitudes for Lu{sup 10}B{sub 12} and Lu{sup 11}B{sub 12} is recorded in the temperature dependences of the Hall coefficient R{sub H}(T) near T*. A significant (about 10%) difference (in absolute value) of the Hall coefficients R{sub H} for the Lu{sup 10}B{sub 12} and Lu{sup 11}B{sub 12} compounds at helium and intermediate temperatures has been found and the patterns of behavior of the dependence R{sub H}(H) for T < T* in an external magnetic field H {<=} 80 kOe for Lu{sup 10}B{sub 12} and Lu{sup 11}B{sub 12} are shown to differ significantly. Analysis of the Curie-Weiss contribution to the magnetic susceptibility {chi}(T) leads to the conclusion about the formation of magnetic moments {mu}{sub eff} {approx} (0.13-0.19){mu}{sub B} in each unit cell of the fcc structure of LuB{sub 12} compounds with various isotopic compositions. The possibility of the realization of an electronic topological 2.5-order transition near T* and the influence of correlation effects in the 5d-band on the formation of a spin polarization near the rare-earth ions in LuB{sub 12} is discussed.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗
DOE OSTI2015

Formation of medical radioisotopes {sup 111}In, {sup 117m}Sn, {sup 124}Sb, and {sup 177}Lu in photonuclear reactions

The possibility of the photonuclear production of radioisotopes {sup 111}In, {sup 117m}Sn, {sup 124}Sb, and {sup 177}Lu is discussed. Reaction yields were measured by the gamma-activation method. The enriched tin isotopes {sup 112,} {sup 118}Sn and Te and HfO{sub 2} of natural isotopic composition were used as targets. The targets were irradiated at the linear electron accelerator of Alikhanian National Science Laboratory (Yerevan) at the energy of 40 MeV. The experimental results obtained in this way reveal that the yield and purity of radioisotopes {sup 111}In and {sup 117}mSn are acceptable for their production via photonuclear reactions. Reactions proceeding on targets from Te and HfO{sub 2} of natural isotopic composition and leading to the formation of {sup 124}Sb and {sup 177}Lu have small yields and are hardly appropriate for the photoproduction of these radioisotopes even in the case of enriched targets.

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗
NASA NTRS1986

Resonance ionization mass spectrometry for isotopic abundance measurements

Resonance ionization mass spectrometry (RIMS) is a relatively new laser-based technique for the determination of isotopic abundances. The resonance ionization process depends upon the stepwise absorption of photons from the laser, promoting atoms of the element of interest through progressively higher electronic states until an ion is formed. Sensitivity arises from the efficiency of the resonant absorption process when coupled with the power available from commercial laser sources. Selectivity derives naturally from the distinct electronic structure of different elements. This isobaric discrimination has provided the major impetus for development of the technique. Resonance ionization mass spectrometry was used for analysis of the isotopic abundances of the rare earth lutetium. Isobaric interferences from ytterbium severely effect the ability to measure small amounts of the neutron-deficient Lu isotopes by conventional mass spectrometric techniques. Resonance ionization for lutetium is performed using a continuous-wave laser operating at 452 nm, through a sequential two-photon process, with one photon exciting the intermediate resonance and the second photon causing ionization. Ion yields for microgram-sized quantities of lutetium lie between 10(6) and 10(7) ions per second, at overall ionization efficiencies approaching 10(-4). Discrimination factors against ytterbium greater than 10(6) have been measured. Resonance ionization for technetium is also being explored, again in response to an isobaric interference, molybdenum. Because of the relatively high ionization potential for Tc, three-photon, two-color RIMS processes are being developed.

Miller, C. M.↗