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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 19 records
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2017

Topological cell clustering in the ATLAS calorimeters and its performance in LHC Run 1

The reconstruction of the signal from hadrons and jets emerging from the proton–proton collisions at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) and entering the ATLAS calorimeters is based on a three-dimensional topological clustering of individual calorimeter cell signals. The cluster formation follows cell signal-significance patterns generated by electromagnetic and hadronic showers. In this, the clustering algorithm implicitly performs a topological noise suppression by removing cells with insignificant signals which are not in close proximity to cells with significant signals. The resulting topological cell clusters have shape and location information, which is exploited to apply a local energy calibration and corrections depending on the nature of the cluster. Lastly, topological cell clustering is established as a well-performing calorimeter signal definition for jet and missing transverse momentum reconstruction in ATLAS.

43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗
DOE OSTI2016

Performance of the First Short Model 150-mm-Aperture Nb3Sn Quadrupole MQXFS for the High-Luminosity LHC Upgrade

LHC Accelerator Research Program (LARP) and CERN combined their efforts in developing Nb3Sn magnets for the high-luminosity LHC upgrade. The ultimate goal of this collaboration is to fabricate large aperture Nb 3Sn quadrupoles for the LHC interaction regions. These magnets will replace the present 70-mm-Aperture NbTi quadrupole triplets for expected increase of the LHC peak luminosity up to 5 × 10 34 cm -2 s -1 or more. Over the past decade, LARP successfully fabricated and tested short and long models of 90 and 120-mm-Aperture Nb3Sn quadrupoles. Recently, the first short model of 150-mm-diameter quadrupole MQXFS was built with coils fabricated both by LARP and CERN. The magnet performance was tested at Fermilab's vertical magnet test facility. Here, this paper reports the test results, including the quench training at 1.9 K, ramp rate and temperature dependence, as well as protection heater studies.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗
DOE OSTI2017

Performance of the ATLAS Transition Radiation Tracker in Run 1 of the LHC: tracker properties

The tracking performance parameters of the ATLAS Transition Radiation Tracker (TRT) as part of the ATLAS inner detector are described in this paper for different data-taking conditions in proton-proton, proton-lead and lead-lead collisions at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC). The performance is studied using data collected during the first period of LHC operation (Run 1) and is compared with Monte Carlo simulations. The performance of the TRT, operating with two different gas mixtures (xenon-based and argon-based) and its dependence on the TRT occupancy is presented. Furthermore, these studies show that the tracking performance of the TRT is similar for the two gas mixtures and that a significant contribution to the particle momentum resolution is made by the TRT up to high particle densities.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2011

The data-acquisition system of the CMS experiment at the LHC

The data-acquisition system of the CMS experiment at the LHC performs the read-out and assembly of events accepted by the first level hardware trigger. Assembled events are made available to the high-level trigger which selects interesting events for offline storage and analysis. The system is designed to handle a maximum input rate of 100 kHz and an aggregated throughput of 100GB/s originating from approximately 500 sources. An overview of the architecture and design of the hardware and software of the DAQ system is given. We discuss the performance and operational experience from the first months of LHC physics data taking.

46 INSTRUMENTATION RELATED TO NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND ↗
DOE OSTI2011

Studies of RF Noise Induced Bunch Lengthening at the LHC

Radio Frequency (RF) noise induced bunch lengthening can strongly affect the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) performance through luminosity reduction, particle loss, and other effects. This work presents measurements from the LHC that better quantify the relationship between the RF noise and longitudinal emittance blowup and identify the performance limiting RF components. The experiments presented in this paper confirmed the predicted effects on the LHC bunch length growth. Dedicated measurements were conducted in the LHC to gain insight in the effect of RF noise to the longitudinal beam diffusion. It was evident that the growth rate of the bunch length is strongly related to the accelerating voltage phase noise power spectral density around f{sub s} + kf{sub rev}, as predicted in [4]. The noise threshold for 2.5 ps/hr growth was estimated to -101 dBc/Hz (SSB flat noise spectral density from f{sub s} to the edge of the closed loop bandwidth). A 9 dB margin is achieved with the current RF configuration and the BPL on. With this formalism it is now possible to estimate the effect of different operational and technical RF configurations on the LHC beam diffusion. This formalism could also be useful for the design of future RF systems and the budgeting of the allowed noise.

43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗
DOE OSTI2012

Radio Frequency Noise Effects on the CERN Large Hadron Collider Beam Diffusion

Radio frequency (rf) accelerating system noise can have a detrimental impact on the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) performance through longitudinal motion and longitudinal emittance growth. A theoretical formalism has been developed to relate the beam and rf station dynamics with the bunch length growth. Measurements were conducted at LHC to determine the performance limiting rf components and validate the formalism through studies of the beam diffusion dependence on rf noise. As a result, a noise threshold was established for acceptable performance which provides the foundation for beam diffusion estimates for higher energies and intensities. Measurements were also conducted to determine the low level rf noise spectrum and its major contributions, as well as to validate models and simulations of this system.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2011

Long-Range And Head-On Beam-Beam Compensation Studies in RHIC With Lessons for the LHC

Long-range as well as head-on beam-beam effects are expected to limit the LHC performance with design parameters. They are are also important consideration for the LHC upgrades. To mitigate long-range effects, current carrying wires parallel to the beam were proposed. Two such wires are installed in RHIC where they allow studying the effect of strong long-range beam-beam effects, as well as the compensation of a single long-range interaction. The tests provide benchmark data for simulations and analytical treatments. Electron lenses were proposed for both RHIC and the LHC to reduce the head-on beam-beam effect. We present the experimental long-range beam-beam program at RHIC and report on head-on compensations studies based on simulations.

43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗
DOE OSTI2012

Operational experience with the CMS data acquisition system

The data-acquisition (DAQ) system of the CMS experiment at the LHC performs the read-out and assembly of events accepted by the first level hardware trigger. Assembled events are made available to the high-level trigger (HLT), which selects interesting events for offline storage and analysis. The system is designed to handle a maximum input rate of 100 kHz and an aggregated throughput of 100 GB/s originating from approximately 500 sources and 10^8 electronic channels. An overview of the architecture and design of the hardware and software of the DAQ system is given. We report on the performance and operational experience of the DAQ and its Run Control System in the first two years of collider runs of the LHC, both in proton-proton and Pb-Pb collisions. We present an analysis of the current performance, its limitations, and the most common failure modes and discuss the ongoing evolution of the HLT capability needed to match the luminosity ramp-up of the LHC.

46 INSTRUMENTATION RELATED TO NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND ↗
DOE OSTI2023

Heavy-ion physics at the LHC

Heavy-ion collisions have been part of the programme of the LHC since its conception. The main nucleus–nucleus system is 208 82 + Pb + 208 82 + Pb . During the Runs 1 and 2, the LHC provided Pb+Pb collisions with centre-of-mass energy per nucleon pair √ s NN = 2.76 and 5.02 TeV, Xe+Xe with √ s NN = 5.44 TeV, and p+Pb with √ s NN = 5.02 and 8.16 TeV. The LHC performance with heavy-ion beams is described in Ref. 1. The ALICE detector was conceived to be dedicated to the study of heavy-ion collisions. The ATLAS and CMS experiments participated in the programme since the very beginning, and the LHCb experiment participated since the end of Run 1. Figure 1 shows event displays of Pb+Pb collisions from the four experiments.

Audurier, Benjamin↗
DOE OSTI2019

Strong SUSY at ATLAS and CMS [PowerPoint]

Introduction points: LHC performed very well, delivering > 150 fb -1 ; Huge challenge to quickly process this amount of data; Understand detector & object performance; pT miss tails very important for SUSY searches; Most results on full Run 2 data set will come in Summer; SUSY searches are expanding; Big inclusive searches complemented by dedicated searches to close gaps in coverage; Machine learning for H, b, c, top,… tagging; and Improved analysis techniques

43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗
DOE OSTI2011

Preliminary Exploratory Study of Different Phase II Collimators

The Large Hadron Collider (LHC) collimation system is installed and commissioned in different phases, following the natural evolution of the LHC performance. To improve cleaning efficiency towards the end of the low beta squeeze at 7TeV, and in stable physics conditions, it is foreseen to complement the 30 highly robust Phase I secondary collimators with low impedance Phase II collimators. At this stage, their design is not yet finalized. Possible options include metallic collimators, graphite jaws with a movable metallic foil, or collimators with metallic rotating jaws. As part of the evaluation of the different designs, the FLUKA Monte Carlo code is extensively used for calculating energy deposition and studying material damage and activation. This report outlines the simulation approach and defines the critical quantities involved.

43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗
DOE OSTI2011

The ATLAS tile calorimeter performance at the LHC

The Tile Calorimeter (TileCal), the central section of the hadronic calorimeter of the ATLAS experiment, is a key detector component to detect hadrons, jets and taus and to measure the missing transverse energy. Due to the very good muon signal to noise ratio it assists the spectrometer in the identification and reconstruction of muons. TileCal is built of steel and scintillating tiles coupled to optical fibers and read out by photomultipliers. The calorimeter is equipped with systems that allow to monitor and to calibrate each stage of the read out system exploiting different signal sources: laser light, charge injection and a radioactive source. The performance of the calorimeter has been measured and monitored using calibration data, random triggered data, cosmic muons and more importantly LHC collision events. The results presented here assess the absolute energy scale calibration precision, the energy and timing uniformity and the synchronization precision. The ensemble of the results demonstrates a very good understanding of the performance of the Tile Calorimeter that is proved to be well within the design expectations. (authors)

46 INSTRUMENTATION RELATED TO NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND ↗
DOE OSTI2013

'L=R' -- $U(1)_R$ Lepton Number at the LHC

We perform a detailed study of a variety of LHC signals in supersymmetric models where lepton number is promoted to an (approximate) U(1)( )R( ) symmetry. Such a symmetry has interesting implications for naturalness, as well as flavor- and CP-violation, among others. Interestingly, it makes large sneutrino vacuum expectation values phenomenologically viable, so that a slepton doublet can play the role of the down-type Higgs. As a result, (some of) the leptons and neutrinos are incorporated into the chargino and neutralino sectors. This leads to characteristic decay patterns that can be experimentally tested at the LHC. The corresponding collider phenomenology is largely determined by the new approximately conserved quantum number, which is itself closely tied to the presence of “leptonic R-parity violation”. We find rather loose bounds on the first and second generation squarks, arising from a combination of suppressed production rates together with relatively small signal efficiencies of the current searches. Naturalness would indicate that such a framework should be discovered in the near future, perhaps through spectacular signals exhibiting the lepto-quark nature of the third generation squarks. The presence of fully visible decays, in addition to decay chains involving large missing energy (in the form of neutrinos) could give handles to access the details of the spectrum of new particles, if excesses over SM background were to be observed. The scale of neutrino masses is intimately tied to the source of U(1)( )R( ) breaking, thus opening a window into the R-breaking sector through neutrino physics. Further theoretical aspects of the model have been presented in the companion paper [1].

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗