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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 19 records
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2014

Measurements of neutron capture cross section for {sup 207,208}Pb

The neutron capture cross sections for {sup 207,208}Pb have been measured in the neutron energy region from 10 to 110 keV. The γ-rays cascaded from a capture state to the ground state or low-lying states of {sup 208,209}Pb were observed for the first time, using an anti-Compton Nal(Tl) spectrometer and a TOF method. The observed discrete γ-ray energy spectra enabled us to determine neutron capture cross sections for {sup 207,208}Pb with small systematic errors, since we could distinguish γ-ray of {sup 207,208}Pb(n,γ) reactions from background γ-ray with use of the γ-ray spectra. The obtained cross sections include both contributions of resonance and direct capture components different from the previous TOF measurements.

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2011

Elastic scattering of {sup 9}Li on {sup 208}Pb at energies around the Coulomb barrier

We have studied the dynamical effects of the halo structure of {sup 11}Li on the scattering on heavy targets at energies around the Coulomb barrier. This experiment was performed at ISAC-II at TRIUMF with a world record in production of the post-accelerated {sup 11}Li beam. As part of this study we report here on the first measurement of the elastic cross section of the core nucleus, i.e. {sup 9}Li on {sup 208}Pb, at energies around the Coulomb barrier. A preliminary optical model analysis has been performed in order to extract a global optical potential to describe the measured angular distributions.

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2012

A study on the Fresnel diffraction of {sup 6}He by means of different microscopic density distributions

The elastic scattering of the halo nucleus {sup 6}He from heavy targets such as {sup 197}Au and {sup 208}Pb has been investigated in order to explain the Coulomb rainbow peak due to the Fresnel-type diffraction observed in the experimental data. In order to examine the role of nuclear potential to describe {sup 6}He + {sup 197}Au and {sup 6}He + {sup 208}Pb systems, we have used the no-core shell model, few-body and Gaussian-shaped density distributions at various energies. The microscopic real parts of the complex nuclear potential have been obtained by using the double-folding model for each of the density distribution and the phenomenological imaginary potentials have been taken as the standard Woods-Saxon shape. We have observed that fewbody and Gaussian-shaped density distributions have given standard Fresnel-type diffraction results, a classical scattering pattern with Coulomb rainbow peak whereas the nuclear potential obtained by using the no-core shell-model density distribution has provided the reduction at Fresnel peak and has given more consistent results with the experimental data.

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2011

Higgs boson photoproduction at the LHC

We present the current development of the photoproduction approach for the Higgs boson with its application to pp and pA collisions at the LHC. We perform a different analysis for the Gap Survival Probability, where we consider a probability of 3% and also a more optimistic value of 10% based on the HERA data for dijet production. As a result, the cross section for the exclusive Higgs boson production is about 2 fb and 6 fb in pp collisions and 617 and 2056 fb for pPb collisions, considering the gap survival factor of 3% and 10%, respectively.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2011

Diffractive heavy quark production in AA collisions at the LHC at NLO

The single and double diffractive cross sections for heavy quarks production are evaluated at NLO accuracy for hadronic and heavy ion collisions at the LHC. Diffractive charm and bottom production is the main subject of this work, providing predictions for CaCa, PbPb and pPb collisions. The hard diffraction formalism is considered using the Ingelman-Schlein model where a recent parametrization for the Pomeron structure function (DPDF) is applied. Absorptive corrections are taken into account as well. The diffractive ratios are estimated and theoretical uncertainties are discussed. Comparison with competing production channels is also presented.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2011

Meson spectroscopy in diffractive dissociation of high-energetic pions at COMPASS

COMPASS at CERN uses hadron and muon beams with up to 200 GeV/c momentum, produced from the SPS proton beam, for investigations in hadron structure and spectroscopy. From a pilot run with a 190 GeV/c pion beam on a lead target, various results are presented. In the region of low momentum transfer, interference of photon-exchange and strong production of the a{sub 1}(1260) and a{sub 2}(1320) resonances is observed, revealing the different nature of the two interactions.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2011

First Charge-Exchange Measurements with SHARAQ

The isovector spin monopole resonances (IVSMR) of the {beta}{sup +} type were observed for the first time in the {sup 208}Pb and {sup 90}Zr(t,{sup 3}He) reactions at 300 MeV/u. The experiment was performed at the RI Beam Factory (RIBF) at RIKEN by using the newly-constructed magnetic spectrometer SHARAQ. The double differential cross sections for the {sup 208}Pb and {sup 90}Zr(t,{sup 3}He) reactions were obtained at the excitation energy of 0{<=}E{sub x}{<=}70 MeV and the scattering angles of 0 deg. {<=}{theta}{<=}3 deg. The monopole component was identified by making a difference between the zero-degree and backward-angle spectra. The signatures of the IVSMR are observed at an excitation energy of 12 MeV(20 MeV) in {sup 208}Pb({sup 90}Zr)(t,{sup 3}He) reaction, which agrees fairly well with the theoretical predictions.

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2011

Using Neutrino Nucleus Interactions as a Probe of the Strong Interaction

Neutrino scattering experiments have been studying QCD for over 30 years. From the Gargamelle experiments in the early 70's, through the subsequent bubble chamber and electronic detector experiments in the 80's and 90's, neutrino scattering experiments have steadily accumulated increasing statistics and minimized their systematic errors. An example of the more recent studies of QCD with neutrinos is from the TeVatron neutrino beam--the NuTeV {nu}-Fe experiment. The problem the community faces in trying to study QCD with modern neutrino data is that there is no experimentally verified way to scale neutrino-nucleus (for example, Fe) results to the equivalent neutrino-nucleon values making it difficult to combine neutrino nucleus scattering data with charged-lepton nucleus and nucleon scattering data in QCD global fits to extract parton distribution functions. This is particularly crucial since there is now indications that nuclear effects in neutrino nucleus interactions are different than those measured in charged-lepton nucleus scattering. To better understand this situation, the MINER{nu}A neutrino-nucleus scattering experiment at Fermilab, a collaboration of elementary-particle and nuclear physicists, is systematically studying neutrino nuclear effects off of He, C, Fe and Pb for a more thorough A-dependent study of nuclear PDFs and these correction factors.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2011

Nuclear Physics with MINERvA

MINERvA is a precision neutrino experiment designed to improve our understanding of the neutrino-nucleus interaction. The experiment uses a fully active scintillation detector to allow full event reconstruction and includes nuclear targets helium, water, carbon, iron and lead. Here we describe the first steps in measuring lead to iron to carbon cross section ratios.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2011

Status of the OPERA experiment

The OPERA experiment in the underground Gran Sasso Laboratory (LNGS) has been designed to perform the first detection of neutrino oscillations in direct appearance mode in the muon to tau neutrino channel. The detector is hybrid, being made of an emulsion/lead target and of electronic detectors. It is placed in the CNGS neutrino beam 733 km away from the neutrino source. Runs with CNGS neutrinos were successfully carried out from 2008 and the following years. The analysis of a sample of events corresponding to 1.89x10{sup 19} p.o.t. in the CERN CNGS {nu}{sub {mu}} beam yielded the observation of a first candidate {nu}{sub {tau}} CC interaction. The topology and kinematics of this candidate event is described in detail. The background sources are explained and the significance of the observation of the first {nu}{sub {tau}} event candidate is assessed.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2011

Review of Activities using the Pulsed Neutron Facility and 2.5-GeV Electron Linac at Pohang Accelerator Laboratory

We report on activities using a pulsed neutron facility consisting of an electron linear accelerator, a water-cooled Ta target with a water moderator, and a 12 m time-of-flight path. It is possible to measure neutron total cross sections in the neutron energy range from 0.01 eV to a few hundred eV by using the neutron time-of-flight method; photo-neutron cross sections can also measure by using the bremsstrahlung from the electron linac. A {sup 6}LiZnS(Ag) glass scintillator was used as a neutron detector. The neutron flight path from the water-cooled Ta target to the neutron detector was 12.1 m. In this paper, we report total cross sections of Nb and also resonance parameters obtained using the SAMMY fitting program. The present results are compared with the previous experimental results and the evaluated data in ENDF/B-VII. We also report on the mass-yield distribution of fission products in the 2.5-GeV bremsstrahlung-induced fission of {sup nat}Pb and {sup 209}Bi measured at the 2.5-GeV electron linac using a recoil catcher and an off-line {gamma}-ray spectrometric technique.

43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗
DOE OSTI2013

A measurement of the muon-induced neutron yield in lead at a depth of 2850 m water equivalent

We present results from the measurement of the neutron production rate in lead by high energy cosmic-ray muons at a depth of 2850 m water equivalent (mean muon energy of 260 GeV). A tonne-scale highly segmented plastic scintillator detector was utilised to detect both the energy depositions from the traversing muons as well as the delayed radiative capture signals of the induced neutrons. Complementary Monte Carlo simulations reproduce well the distributions of muons and detected muon-induced neutrons. Absolute agreement between simulation and data is of the order of 25%. By comparing the measured and simulated neutron capture rates a neutron yield in pure lead of (5.78{sub −0.28}{sup +0.21})×10{sup −3} neutrons/muon/(g/cm{sup 2}) has been obtained.

46 INSTRUMENTATION RELATED TO NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND ↗
DOE OSTI2015

Measurements of pion production in eA with the CLAS detector

Preliminary results on semi-inclusive charged pion production in eA collisions at E{sub beam}=5 GeV/c{sup 2} are presented. The data were collected using the CLAS detector, which is a multipurpose, large acceptance, magnetic spectrometer located in Hall B at the Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility. Selected distributions in W, Q{sup 2}, p{sub π}, and θ{sub π} are shown for data produced using deuterium, carbon, iron and lead targets. Preliminary comparisons with data simulated using the GENIE generator are made. The motivation for this work is to provide distributions useful for tuning the hadronic final state interaction models in order to reduce uncertainties in the results extracted from current and next-generation neutrino oscillation experiments.

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2010

Absorption of the {omega} and {phi} Mesons in Nuclei

Because of their long lifetimes, the {omega} and {phi} mesons are the ideal candidates for the study of possible modifications of the in-medium meson-nucleon interaction through their absorption inside the nucleus. During the E01-112 experiment at the Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, the mesons were photoproduced from {sup 2}H, C, Ti, Fe, and Pb targets. This Letter reports the first measurement of the ratio of nuclear transparencies for the e{sup +}e{sup -} channel. The ratios indicate larger in-medium widths compared with what have been reported in other reaction channels. The absorption of the {omega} meson is stronger than that reported by the CBELSA-TAPS experiment and cannot be explained by recent theoretical models.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2011

New approximations to the energy dependences of the total cross sections for the proton-induced fission of {sup 197}Au, {sup 203}Tl, {sup nat}Pb, and {sup 209}Bi nuclei

The total cross sections for {sup 197}Au and {sup 203}Tl fission induced by protons of energy varied from about 200 to 1000 MeV with a step of about 100 MeV are measured. New approximations to the energy dependences of the cross sections for the proton-induced fission of {sup 197}Au, {sup 203}Tl, natPb, and {sup 209}Bi nuclei are presented and discussed. For all of these nuclei, exponential functions are used as approximations.

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2012

Baryon deceleration and partonic plasma creation by strong chromofields in ultrarelativistic heavy-ion collisions

Strong chromofields generated at early stages of ultrarelativistic nuclear collisions may explain not only creation of the quark-gluon plasma but also collective deceleration of net baryons. This is demonstrated by solving classical equations of motion for baryonic slabs under the action of a time-dependent chromofield. We have studied sensitivity of the slab trajectories and their final rapidities to the initial strength and decay time of the chromofield, as well as to the back reaction of the produced plasma. By proper choice of the initial chromofield energy density we can reproduce significant baryon stopping, an average rapidity loss of about two units, observed for Au + Au collisions at RHIC. Using a Bjorken-like hydrodynamical model with the particle production source, we also study the evolution of partonic plasma produced as the result of the chromofield decay. Due to the delayed formation and expansion of plasma its maximum energy density is significantly lower than the initial energy density of the chromofield. It is shown that the fluctuations of the chromofield due to the stochastic distribution of color charges help to populate the midrapidity region in the net-baryon distribution. To fit the midrapidity data we need the chromofields with initial energy densities in the range of 30 to 60 GeV/fm{sup 3}. Predictions of baryon stopping for Pb + Pb collisions at LHC energies are made.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2015

The MINERνA detector

MINERνA (Main INjector Experiment for ν-A) is a dedicated neutrino-nucleus scattering experiment at Fermilab. It uses a fine-grained fully active detector to make precision measurements of neutrino and antineutrino interactions on a variety of different nuclear targets (plastic scintillator, C, Fe, Pb, He and H2O) for energies up to few GeV. An overview of the experiment and a description of the detector are presented.

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗