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At least 19 records
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
NASA NTRS1980

Melting relations and elemental distribution of portion of the system Fe-S-Si-O to 32 KB with planetary application

The melting relations and distribution of K and Cs in portions of the system was determined at high pressures. Ferrosilite is stable as a primary phase at high pressures because of the incongruent melting of ferrosilite to quartz plus liquid and the boundary between the one and two liquid fields on the joint Fe(1-x) O-FeS-SiO2 shifts away from silica with increasing pressures. Potassium K was found to have limited solubility in metal sulfide liquids at pressures up to 45 kb. The speculation that K may dissolve significantly in metal-metal sulfide liquids after undergoing first order isomorphic transition was tested by determining the distribution of Cs between sulfide and silicate liquids as an analogy to K. At 45 kb, 1400 C and 27 kb, 1300 C only limited amounts of Cs were detected in quench sulfide liquids even at pressures beyond the isomorphic transition of Cs.

Huang, W. L.↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on KB(CO2)4 by Materials Project

KB(CO2)4 crystallizes in the orthorhombic Cmcm space group. The structure is three-dimensional. K1+ is bonded in a 8-coordinate geometry to eight O2- atoms. There are a spread of K–O bond distances ranging from 2.82–3.21 Å. B3+ is bonded in a tetrahedral geometry to four O2- atoms. There is two shorter (1.48 Å) and two longer (1.49 Å) B–O bond length. There are two inequivalent C3+ sites. In the first C3+ site, C3+ is bonded in a bent 120 degrees geometry to two O2- atoms. There is one shorter (1.22 Å) and one longer (1.33 Å) C–O bond length. In the second C3+ site, C3+ is bonded in a bent 120 degrees geometry to two O2- atoms. There is one shorter (1.22 Å) and one longer (1.34 Å) C–O bond length. There are four inequivalent O2- sites. In the first O2- site, O2- is bonded in a water-like geometry to one B3+ and one C3+ atom. In the second O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted single-bond geometry to two equivalent K1+ and one C3+ atom. In the third O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted single-bond geometry to one K1+ and one C3+ atom. In the fourth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted water-like geometry to one K1+, one B3+, and one C3+ atom.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on KB(S2O7)2 by Materials Project

KB(S2O7)2 crystallizes in the monoclinic Cc space group. The structure is three-dimensional. there are two inequivalent K1+ sites. In the first K1+ site, K1+ is bonded in a 9-coordinate geometry to nine O2- atoms. There are a spread of K–O bond distances ranging from 2.80–3.40 Å. In the second K1+ site, K1+ is bonded in a 8-coordinate geometry to eight O2- atoms. There are a spread of K–O bond distances ranging from 2.84–3.21 Å. There are two inequivalent B3+ sites. In the first B3+ site, B3+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form BO4 tetrahedra that share corners with four SO4 tetrahedra. There is two shorter (1.48 Å) and two longer (1.49 Å) B–O bond length. In the second B3+ site, B3+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form BO4 tetrahedra that share corners with four SO4 tetrahedra. There are a spread of B–O bond distances ranging from 1.47–1.49 Å. There are eight inequivalent S6+ sites. In the first S6+ site, S6+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form SO4 tetrahedra that share a cornercorner with one BO4 tetrahedra and a cornercorner with one SO4 tetrahedra. There are a spread of S–O bond distances ranging from 1.43–1.67 Å. In the second S6+ site, S6+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form SO4 tetrahedra that share a cornercorner with one BO4 tetrahedra and a cornercorner with one SO4 tetrahedra. There are a spread of S–O bond distances ranging from 1.42–1.65 Å. In the third S6+ site, S6+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form SO4 tetrahedra that share a cornercorner with one BO4 tetrahedra and a cornercorner with one SO4 tetrahedra. There are a spread of S–O bond distances ranging from 1.42–1.64 Å. In the fourth S6+ site, S6+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form SO4 tetrahedra that share a cornercorner with one BO4 tetrahedra and a cornercorner with one SO4 tetrahedra. There are a spread of S–O bond distances ranging from 1.43–1.65 Å. In the fifth S6+ site, S6+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form SO4 tetrahedra that share a cornercorner with one BO4 tetrahedra and a cornercorner with one SO4 tetrahedra. There are a spread of S–O bond distances ranging from 1.43–1.65 Å. In the sixth S6+ site, S6+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form SO4 tetrahedra that share a cornercorner with one BO4 tetrahedra and a cornercorner with one SO4 tetrahedra. There are a spread of S–O bond distances ranging from 1.42–1.67 Å. In the seventh S6+ site, S6+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form SO4 tetrahedra that share a cornercorner with one BO4 tetrahedra and a cornercorner with one SO4 tetrahedra. There are a spread of S–O bond distances ranging from 1.42–1.66 Å. In the eighth S6+ site, S6+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form SO4 tetrahedra that share a cornercorner with one BO4 tetrahedra and a cornercorner with one SO4 tetrahedra. There are a spread of S–O bond distances ranging from 1.43–1.66 Å. There are twenty-eight inequivalent O2- sites. In the first O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted single-bond geometry to one K1+ and one S6+ atom. In the second O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted single-bond geometry to one K1+ and one S6+ atom. In the third O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted single-bond geometry to one K1+ and one S6+ atom. In the fourth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted single-bond geometry to one K1+ and one S6+ atom. In the fifth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted bent 150 degrees geometry to one K1+ and one S6+ atom. In the sixth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted single-bond geometry to one K1+ and one S6+ atom. In the seventh O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted single-bond geometry to one K1+ and one S6+ atom. In the eighth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted single-bond geometry to one K1+ and one S6+ atom. In the ninth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a single-bond geometry to two K1+ and one S6+ atom. In the tenth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted single-bond geometry to one K1+ and one S6+ atom. In the eleventh O2- site, O2- is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one S6+ atom. In the twelfth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted single-bond geometry to two K1+ and one S6+ atom. In the thirteenth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted single-bond geometry to one K1+ and one S6+ atom. In the fourteenth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one K1+ and one S6+ atom. In the fifteenth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one K1+ and one S6+ atom. In the sixteenth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted single-bond geometry to one K1+ and one S6+ atom. In the seventeenth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a bent 120 degrees geometry to one B3+ and one S6+ atom. In the eighteenth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a bent 120 degrees geometry to one B3+ and one S6+ atom. In the nineteenth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a bent 120 degrees geometry to one B3+ and one S6+ atom. In the twentieth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a bent 120 degrees geometry to one B3+ and one S6+ atom. In the twenty-first O2- site, O2- is bonded in a bent 120 degrees geometry to one B3+ and one S6+ atom. In the twenty-second O2- site, O2- is bonded in a bent 120 degrees geometry to one B3+ and one S6+ atom. In the twenty-third O2- site, O2- is bonded in a bent 120 degrees geometry to one B3+ and one S6+ atom. In the twenty-fourth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a bent 120 degrees geometry to one B3+ and one S6+ atom. In the twenty-fifth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a bent 120 degrees geometry to two S6+ atoms. In the twenty-sixth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a bent 120 degrees geometry to two S6+ atoms. In the twenty-seventh O2- site, O2- is bonded in a bent 120 degrees geometry to two S6+ atoms. In the twenty-eighth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a bent 120 degrees geometry to two S6+ atoms.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on KB(SO4)2 by Materials Project

KB(SO4)2 crystallizes in the tetragonal P4/ncc space group. The structure is three-dimensional. K1+ is bonded in a 8-coordinate geometry to eight equivalent O2- atoms. There are four shorter (2.87 Å) and four longer (2.95 Å) K–O bond lengths. B3+ is bonded to four equivalent O2- atoms to form BO4 tetrahedra that share corners with four equivalent SO4 tetrahedra. All B–O bond lengths are 1.48 Å. S6+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form SO4 tetrahedra that share corners with two equivalent BO4 tetrahedra. There is two shorter (1.44 Å) and two longer (1.56 Å) S–O bond length. There are two inequivalent O2- sites. In the first O2- site, O2- is bonded in a bent 120 degrees geometry to one B3+ and one S6+ atom. In the second O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted single-bond geometry to two equivalent K1+ and one S6+ atom.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2022

The Arabidopsis T‐DNA mutant SALK_008491 carries a 14‐kb deletion on chromosome 3 that provides rare insights into the plant response to dynamic light stress

Abstract In nature, plants experience rapid changes in light intensity and quality throughout the day. To maximize growth, they have established molecular mechanisms to optimize photosynthetic output while protecting components of the light‐dependent reaction and CO 2 fixation pathways. Plant phenotyping of mutant collections has become a powerful tool to unveil the genetic loci involved in environmental acclimation. Here, we describe the phenotyping of the transfer‐DNA (T‐DNA) insertion mutant line SALK_008491, previously known as nhd1‐1 . Growth in a fluctuating light regime caused a loss in growth rate accompanied by a spike in photosystem (PS) II damage and increased non‐photochemical quenching (NPQ). Interestingly, an independent nhd1 null allele did not recapitulate the NPQ phenotype. Through bulk sequencing of a backcrossed segregating F 2 pool, we identified an ~14‐kb large deletion on chromosome 3 (Chr3) in SALK_008491 affecting five genes upstream of NHD1 . Besides NHD1 , which encodes for a putative plastid Na + /H + antiporter, the stromal NAD‐dependent D‐3‐phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase 3 ( PGDH3 ) locus was eradicated. Although some changes in the SALK_008491 mutant's photosynthesis can be assigned to the loss of PGDH3, our follow‐up studies employing respective single mutants and complementation with overlapping transformation‐competent artificial chromosome (TAC) vectors reveal that the exacerbated fluctuating light sensitivity in SALK_008491 mutants result from the simultaneous loss of PGDH3 and NHD1. Altogether, the data obtained from this large deletion‐carrying mutant provide new and unintuitive insights into the molecular mechanisms that function to protect the photosynthetic machinery. Moreover, our study renews calls for caution when setting up reverse genetic studies using T‐DNA lines. Although second‐site insertions, indels, and SNPs have been reported before, large deletion surrounding the insertion site causes yet another problem. Nevertheless, as shown through this research, such unpredictable genetic events following T‐DNA mutagenesis can provide unintuitive insights that allow for understanding complex phenomena such as the plant acclimation to dynamic high light stress.

Lopez, Laura S.↗
DOE OSTI2023

kb_DRAM: annotation and metabolic profiling of genomes with DRAM in KBase

Microbial genome annotation is the process of identifying structural and functional elements in DNA sequences and subsequently attaching biological information to those elements. DRAM is a tool developed to annotate bacterial, archaeal, and viral genomes derived from pure cultures or metagenomes. DRAM goes beyond traditional annotation tools by distilling multiple gene annotations to genome level summaries of functional potential. Despite these benefits, a downside of DRAM is the requirement of large computational resources, which limits its accessibility. Further, it did not integrate with downstream metabolic modeling tools that require genome annotation. To alleviate these constraints, DRAM and the viral counterpart, DRAM-v, are now available and integrated with the freely accessible KBase cyberinfrastructure. With kb_DRAM users can generate DRAM annotations and functional summaries from microbial or viral genomes in a point-and-click interface, as well as generate genome-scale metabolic models from DRAM annotations.

59 BASIC BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on KB(CN)4 by Materials Project

K(CN)4B crystallizes in the tetragonal I4_1/a space group. The structure is three-dimensional and consists of four boron molecules and one K(CN)4 framework. In the K(CN)4 framework, K1+ is bonded in a distorted body-centered cubic geometry to eight equivalent N3- atoms. There are four shorter (2.95 Å) and four longer (3.24 Å) K–N bond lengths. C2+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one N3- atom. The C–N bond length is 1.17 Å. N3- is bonded in a 1-coordinate geometry to two equivalent K1+ and one C2+ atom.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on KB by Materials Project

BK1 is Halite, Rock Salt structured and crystallizes in the cubic Fm-3m space group. The structure is three-dimensional. K is bonded to six equivalent B atoms to form a mixture of edge and corner-sharing KB6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedral tilt angles are 0°. All K–B bond lengths are 3.15 Å. B is bonded to six equivalent K atoms to form a mixture of edge and corner-sharing BK6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedral tilt angles are 0°.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on KB(CF3)4 by Materials Project

K(CF3)4B crystallizes in the orthorhombic P2_12_12_1 space group. The structure is three-dimensional and consists of four boron molecules and one K(CF3)4 framework. In the K(CF3)4 framework, K1+ is bonded in a 10-coordinate geometry to ten F1- atoms. There are a spread of K–F bond distances ranging from 2.65–3.22 Å. There are four inequivalent C2+ sites. In the first C2+ site, C2+ is bonded in a trigonal non-coplanar geometry to three F1- atoms. All C–F bond lengths are 1.38 Å. In the second C2+ site, C2+ is bonded in a trigonal non-coplanar geometry to three F1- atoms. There are a spread of C–F bond distances ranging from 1.37–1.39 Å. In the third C2+ site, C2+ is bonded in a trigonal non-coplanar geometry to three F1- atoms. There is one shorter (1.37 Å) and two longer (1.39 Å) C–F bond length. In the fourth C2+ site, C2+ is bonded in a trigonal non-coplanar geometry to three F1- atoms. All C–F bond lengths are 1.38 Å. There are twelve inequivalent F1- sites. In the first F1- site, F1- is bonded in a distorted single-bond geometry to one K1+ and one C2+ atom. In the second F1- site, F1- is bonded in a distorted single-bond geometry to one K1+ and one C2+ atom. In the third F1- site, F1- is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one K1+ and one C2+ atom. In the fourth F1- site, F1- is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one K1+ and one C2+ atom. In the fifth F1- site, F1- is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one K1+ and one C2+ atom. In the sixth F1- site, F1- is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one C2+ atom. In the seventh F1- site, F1- is bonded in a distorted single-bond geometry to one K1+ and one C2+ atom. In the eighth F1- site, F1- is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one K1+ and one C2+ atom. In the ninth F1- site, F1- is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one K1+ and one C2+ atom. In the tenth F1- site, F1- is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one K1+ and one C2+ atom. In the eleventh F1- site, F1- is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one C2+ atom. In the twelfth F1- site, F1- is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one K1+ and one C2+ atom.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2022

KBase Narrative - kb_DRAM E. coli annotation

Here we are annotating a E. coli K-12 genome using both DRAM and RAST then using those annotations to build models. The genome is from NCBI RefSeq ID NC_000913.

Shaffer, Michael↗
DOE OSTI2023

Saccharomycopsis sp. KB-2023a isolate UFMG-CM-Y6991, whole genome shotgun sequencing project

Three yeast isolates were obtained from soil and rotting wood samples collected in an Amazonian rainforest biome in Brazil. Comparison of the intergenic spacer 5.8S region and the D1/D2 domains of the large subunit rRNA gene showed that the isolates represent a novel species of the genus Saccharomycopsis. A tree inferred from the D1/D2 sequences placed the novel species near a subclade containing Saccharomycopsis lassenensis, Saccharomycopsis fermentans, Saccharomycopsis javanensis, Saccharomycopsis babjevae, Saccharomycopsis schoenii and Saccharomycopsis oosterbeekiorum, but with low bootstrap support. In terms of sequence divergence, the novel species had the highest identity in the D1/D2 domains with Saccharomycopsis capsularis, from which it differed by 36 substitutions. In contrast, a phylogenomic analysis based on 1061 single-copy orthologs for a smaller set of Saccharomycopsis species whose whole genome sequences are available indicated that the novel species represented by strain UFMG-CM-Y6991 is phylogenetically closer to Saccharomycopsis fodiens and Saccharomycopsis sp. TF2021a (=Saccharomycopsis phalluae). The novel yeast is homothallic and produces asci with one spheroidal ascospore with an equatorial or subequatorial ledge. The name Saccharomycopsis praedatoria sp. nov. is proposed to accommodate the novel species. The holotype of Saccharomycopsis praedatoria is CBS 16589(T). The MycoBank number is MB849369. S. praedatoria was able to kill cells of Saccharomyces cerevisiae by means of penetration with infection pegs, a trait common to most species of Saccharomycopsis.

Amazonian Forest↗
NASA NTRS1988

Composition and size of Apollo asteroid 1984 KB

The Class S object-typifying spectral signatures of olivine, pyroxene, and NiFe metal are noted in the present reflection spectra and thermal-emission radiometric data for the earth orbit-crossing Apollo object, 1984KB; a surface material akin to the rare lodranite meteorites. While the Class S object identification is strengthened by standard asteroid thermal model's indication of an about 0.7-km radius, and albedo of about 0.16, which is inconsistent with the IR spectrum, is obtained by an analysis of the same thermal data with a bare-rock thermal model. The object must have a significant regolith despite its small size.

Bell, Jeffrey F.↗
DOE OSTI2022

Kink mechanism in Cu/Nb nanolaminates explored by $\mathcal{in}$ $\mathcal{situ}$ pillar compression

We report Nano metallic laminates (NMLs) exhibit different failure modes depending on the loading conditions due to their mechanical anisotropies. Kinking is a typical failure mode in many NMLs compressed along a layer-parallel direction. However, a detailed description of the microstructure evolution during kink band (KB) formation and an in-depth understanding of the formation mechanisms are lacking. In this work, the KB process is investigated in Cu/Nb NMLs by in situ micro pillar compression in the scanning electron microscope (SEM) along a layer-parallel direction. Post-mortem S/TEM and transmission Kikuchi diffraction (TKD) analyses show that kink banding leads to significant microstructure changes characterized by an accumulation of geometrically necessary dislocations (GNDs) and of tilt geometrically necessary boundaries (GNBs) near KB boundaries (KBBs). The distinct microstructure evolution implies that KB formation is facilitated by the inhomogeneous microstructures resulting in constrained deformation modes. Specifically, dislocations active on slip planes nearly parallel to the interfaces make a major contribution to kink evolution after the onset of kinking. Once layer-parallel slip systems are activated, preexisting lattice dislocations and dislocations nucleating from interfaces will accumulate as GNDs near KBBs via the stochastic storage of lattice dislocations that have certain Burgers vectors. GNDs can further transform into GNBs via cross-slip and climb driven processes near the KBB. Furthermore, GNBs near KBBs can grow by incorporating more GNDs or by coalescence to accommodate the KB evolution. We further hypothesize that microstructural perturbations and their ensuing stresses can initiate KB formation in Cu/Nb NMLs.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
NASA NTRS1975

From regolith to rock by shock

The purpose of this study is to relate the various mechanisms by which material is shock-lithified in terrestrial analogs of the lunar regolith to specific conditions of cratering, thereby making more specific the possible conditions of formation of rock from regolith by shock processes on the lunar surface. A model for shock-lithification of terrestrial and lunar regolith is proposed in which air or an air-water mixture initially in the pores of terrestrial soil affects the behavior of a soil-air-water system under shock-loading. Shock compression of porous terrestrial regolith by relatively small impact events give rise to three pressure regimes: (1) regime 1 - at pressures below 100 kb, material is compacted and weakly shock-lithified; (2) regime 2 - at pressures between 100 and 200 kb, material may be fragmented if the induced pore pressure exceeds the strength of the weak lithification mechanisms; and (3) at pressure above 200 kb, material is strongly lithified but may greatly expand in volume due to the pressure of pore gases. The three other regimes (below 50 kb, between 50 and 100 kb, and above 100 kb) associated with shock compression of lunar regolith are identified and discussed.

Kieffer, S. W.↗
NASA NTRS1982

Shock disturbance of the I-Xe system

Three separate samples of the meteorite Bjurbole were artificially shocked at pressures of 70 kb, 200 kb, and 400 kb. Analysis of xenon released in stepwise heating shows that the I-Xe system of the 400 kb sample is substantially altered by the shock loading, and it is no longer possible to infer an age or trapped xenon composition for that sample. The 200-kb and 70-kb samples display isotopic structures progressively less altered demonstrating the gradations in shock disturbance likely to be found in natural systems. Interpretations of the I-Xe and Ar-40-Ar-39 systems for several naturally shocked meteorites are also presented. New data for Arapahoe do not confirm the previously reported age and trapped xenon composition, demonstrating instead that its I-Xe structure has been strongly disturbed by shock.

Caffee, M. W.↗