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At least 19 records

Theoretical Study of the Single Electron Optical Stochastic Cooling Experiment at the IOTA Facility (Final Technical Report)

The objectives of this proposal were to explore fundamental aspects of radiation from individual and small groups of electrons in the optical stochastic cooling experiment conducted at Fermi National Laboratory's IOTA facility. Professor Swapan Chattopadhyay collaborated directly with the IOTA team on their initial experimental endeavors. Concurrently, a team from Berkeley, including Prof. Wurtele, Dr. Charman, and Dr. Greggory Penn from LBNL, and Prof. Chattapadhyay, pursued a theoretical exploration to identify potential subsequent experiments for IOTA. A wide range of possible experiments were considered, but they do not allow for tests for new quantum mechanical phenomena at the precision level of the current IOTA apparatus. However, the experimentally observed optical stochastic cooling of a single electron in IOTA validated the relevance of the classical electromagnetic field nature of the continuous electron-radiation interaction (as opposed to discrete instantaneous photon emissions and associated 'classical particle trajectory jumps') responsible for cooling and pointed towards innovative methods of experimental techniques to measure 'turn-by-turn' field correlations. Such measurements have the promise of bridging the transition from classical fields building up to discrete quantum transitions and enhance proper theoretical understanding.

71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗

Preliminary Introduction of the IOTA Bake System

The Integrable Optics Test Accelerator (IOTA) ring is vital to the advancement of accelerator sciences, and a large part of its attractiveness to accelerator physicists is its modularity and the versatility that this function provides. Up until this point, the FAST accelerator has provided electron beam for the studies in IOTA. With the soon to be commissioned IOTA Proton Injector in lieu, the requirement for better vacuum to support future proton studies in the ring have arrived. Our solution is the IOTA Bake System which has the goal of facilitating this requirement.

Thompson, T. K. [Fermilab]↗

Design of a remote-controlled mount for IOTA’s magnet undulator

The SLAC undulator is essential for studies of synchrotron radiation produced by a single electron in IOTA. Since IOTA is meant for different experiments, the undulator is not always needed, so it must be pushed and pulled back depending upon the nature of the experiment. Moving the undulator manually result in significant time loss about 30 minutes for the controlled access, and about 30 minutes to achieve beam injector in IOTA. Because the operation is done manually is not easy to ensure a good repeatability of the undulator position. That’s why IOTA’s team decided to set-up a completely remote-controlled mount.

42 ENGINEERING↗

IOTA Bake System

The IOTA ring is vital to the advancement of accelerator sciences, and a large part of its attractiveness to accelerator physicists is its modularity and the versatility that this function provides. Up until this point, the FAST accelerator has provided electron beam for the studies in IOTA. With the soon to be commissioned IOTA Proton Injector in lieu, the requirement for better vacuum to support future proton studies in the ring have arrived. Our solution is the IOTA Bake System which has the goal of facilitating this requirement.

Thompson, Travante [Fermilab]↗

Ionization profile monitors for the IOTA proton beam

Ionization profile monitors (IPMs) are widely used in accelerators for non-destructive and fast diagnostics of high energy particle beams. Two such monitors — one vertical and one horizontal — are being developed for installation in the IOTA storage ring at Fermilab. They will be used for turn-by-turn (microseconds scale) measurements of the 70 MeV/c IOTA proton beam sizes. Furthermore, in this paper we present the IPMs design (largely following the FNAL Booster IPMs which employ no external guiding magnetic fields), their mechanical, vacuum, and electric subsystems and DAQ, and discuss anticipated effects on the beams circulating in IOTA.

Beam diagnostics↗

Improved measurements of nonlinear integrable optics at IOTA

Nonlinear integrable optics (NIO) are a promising novel approach at improving the stability of high intensity beams. Implementations of NIO based on specialized magnetic elements are being tested at the Integrable Optics Test Accelerator (IOTA) at Fermilab. One method of verifying proper implementation of these solutions is by measuring the analytic invariants predicted by theory. The initial measurements of nonlinear invariants were performed during IOTA run in 2019/20, however the covid-19 pandemic prevented the full-scale experimental program from being completed. Several important improvements were implemented in IOTA for the 2022/23 run, including the operation at higher beam energy of 150 MeV, improved optics control, and chromaticity correction. This report presents on the improved calibrations of the NIO for nonlinear invariant measurements.

43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗

Proposal for a proton-bunch compression experiment at IOTA in the strong space-charge regime

The longitudinal compression of intense proton bunches with strong space-charge force is an essential component of a proton-based muon source for a muon collider. This paper discusses a proton-bunch compression experiment at the Integrable Optics Test Accelerator (IOTA) storage ring at Fermilab to explore optimal radio frequency (RF) cavity and lattice configurations. IOTA is a compact fixed-energy storage ring that can circulate a 2.5-MeV proton beam with varying beam parameters and lattice configurations. The study will aim to demonstrate a bunch-compression factor of at least 2 in the IOTA ring while examining the impact of intense space-charge effects on the compression process.

43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗

Measurement of stability diagrams in the IOTA ring at Fermilab

Nonlinear focusing elements can enhance the stability of particle beams in high-energy colliders through Landau Damping, by means of the tune spread which is introduced. Here we discuss an experiment at Fermilab's Integrable Optics Test Accelerator (IOTA) which investigates the influence of nonlinear focusing elements, such as octupoles, on the beam’s transverse stability. In this experiment, we employ an anti-damper, an active transverse feedback system, as a controlled mechanism to induce coherent beam instability. By utilizing the anti-damper we can examine the impact of a nonlinear focusing element on the beam's transverse stability. The stability diagram, a tool used to determine the system's stability, is measured using a recently demonstrated method at the LHC. The experiment at IOTA adds insight towards this stability diagram measurement method by supplying a reduced machine impedance to investigate the machine impedance’s effect on the stability diagram, as well as by aiming to map out the full stability diagram by using a large phase range of the anti-damper. From this experiment in IOTA, we present the first results of stability diagram analysis with varying octupole currents.

43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗

Design of an optical amplifier for amplified OSC in IOTA facility at Fermilab

Optical stochastic cooling (OSC) is a cutting-edge beam cooling technology to reduce, control the 3 dimensional spread and the motion of particle beams. It has recently been successfully, experimentally, demonstrated in Fermilab's IOTA storage ring, marking a major step forward in beam cooling. OSC has the potential to significantly improve both the performance and flexibility as a beam cooling system. One promising way to boost OSC performance is by adding a high-gain optical amplifier. However, this amplifier must be carefully designed to meet the specific constraints of the OSC system. A major challenge lies in the limited optical delay, which is just 6 mm for the case of IOTA, set by the beam bypass, restricts us to use a short-length gain medium. This, along with IOTA’s high repetition rate and the relatively long duration of the optical pulses, limits the peak power available for the pump laser without damaging the crystal, which is crucial for achieving strong nonlinear gain. Additionally, it's essential to preserve the phase coherence of the undulator radiation during amplification, which further complicates the amplifier design. This report details a specialized amplifier setup that addresses these challenges, includes simulations of the integrated system, and summarizes the latest experimental progress and results.

Mondal, Abhishek [Fermilab]↗

Status of the IOTA proton injector

The IOTA Proton Injector (IPI), currently under installation at the Fermilab Accelerator Science and Technology facility (FAST), is a machine capable of delivering 20\,mA pulses of protons at 2.5\,MeV to the Integrable Optics Test Accelerator (IOTA) ring. First beam in the IPI beamline is anticipated in the first half of~2024, when it will operate alongside the existing electron injector beamline to facilitate further beam physics research and continued development of novel accelerator technologies at the IOTA ring. This report details the expected operational profile, known challenges, and the current state of installation.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗

Proposal for a Proton-Bunch Compression Experiment at IOTA in the Strong Space-Charge Regime

The longitudinal compression of intense proton bunches with strong space-charge force is an essential component of a proton-based muon source for a muon collider. This paper discusses a proton-bunch compression experiment at the Integrable Optics Test Accelerator (IOTA) storage ring at Fermilab to explore optimal radio frequency (RF) cavity and lattice configurations. IOTA is a compact fixed-energy storage ring that can circulate a 2.5-MeV proton beam with varying beam parameters and lattice configurations. The study will aim to demonstrate a bunch-compression factor of at least 2 in the IOTA ring while examining the impact of intense space-charge effects on the compression process.

43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗

Ionization Profile Monitors for the IOTA Proton Beam

Ionization profile monitors (IPMs) are widely used in accelerators for non-destructive and fast diagnostics of high energy particle beams. Two such monitors - one vertical and one horizontal - are being developed for installation in the IOTA storage ring at Fermilab. They will be used for turn-by-turn (microseconds scale) measurements of the 70 MeV/c IOTA proton beam sizes. In this paper we present the IPMs design (largely following the FNAL Booster IPMs which employ no external guiding magnetic fields), their mechanical, vacuum, and electric subsystems and DAQ, and discuss anticipated effects on the beams circulating in IOTA.

43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗

Commissioning of the IOTA Proton Injector

The Proton Injector for the IOTA storage ring (IPI) is being constructed at the Fermilab Accelerator Science and Technology facility (FAST). It will be a machine capable of delivering 20 mA pulses of protons at 2.5 MeV. IPI will operate alongside the existing electron injector beamline to facilitate further beam physics research and the continued development of novel accelerator technologies at the IOTA ring. This report details the results of the initial commissioning of IPI and an overview of the upcoming experiments with intense proton beams at IOTA.

43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗

Injection simulations of space charge dominated proton beams in IOTA

Injection simulations of space charge dominated proton beams in IOTA ABSTRACT = A 2.5 MeV proton injector has been constructed for the IOTA ring at Fermilab to study the interaction of nonlinear integrable optics (NIO) with high space charge beams. Space charge in the transport line from the RFQ to the injection location has a significant current dependent effect on the phase space. Simulation studies to support efficient injection of intense bunches into IOTA are presented, included schemes to inject directly into NIO lattices.

Wieland, J. [Fermilab]↗

Proton Dynamics Scenarios in the Integrable Optics Test Accelerator (IOTA) at Fermilab

The Integrable Optics Test Accelerator (IOTA) at Fermilab provides a versatile platform for studying the interplay of space-charge, impedance, and non-linear optics in high-intensity hadron beams within synchrotrons and storage rings. This report examines the parameters and dynamics of 2.5~MeV proton beam operations in two configurations of the bare IOTA lattice: one for demonstrating Non-linear Integrable Optics with the Danilov-Nagaitsev magnet, and the other for use with electron cooling. We offer order-of-magnitude estimates of the transverse emittance growth rate as a function of beam intensity, highlighting contributions from residual gas scattering, intra-beam scattering, and space-charge effects. Under nominal conditions, the beam lifetime is projected to be less than 7~minutes at low intensity with the current vacuum quality, and fewer than 100,000~turns at high intensity due to strong space-charge effects. The calculations presented here will guide strategies to mitigate emittance growth and inform future IOTA experiments.

43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗

Commissioning of the IOTA Proton Injector

The IOTA Proton Injector (IPI) at the Fermilab Accelerator Science and Technology facility (FAST) is a machine capable of delivering up to 14 mA pulses of protons at 2.5 MeV to the Integrable Optics Test Accelerator (IOTA) ring. Its construction was completed in the fall of 2025, followed by a successful commissioning run scheduled to conclude at the end of May 2026. It operates alongside the existing electron injector beamline to facilitate further beam physics research and continued development of novel accelerator technologies at the IOTA ring. This report details the current operational profile, known challenges, and future plans for the proton program development at FAST.

Romanov, A. [Fermilab] (ORCID:0000000287065709)↗

On-Line Fringe Tracking and Prediction at IOTA

The Infrared/Optical Telescope Array (IOTA) is a multi-aperture Michelson interferometer located on Mt. Hopkins near Tucson, Arizona. To enable viewing of fainter targets, an on-line fringe tracking system is presently under development at NASA Ames Research Center. The system has been developed off-line using actual data from IOTA, and is presently undergoing on-line implementation at IOTA. The system has two parts: (1) a fringe tracking system that identifies the center of a fringe packet by fitting a parametric model to the data; and (2) a fringe packet motion prediction system that uses characteristics of past fringe packets to predict fringe packet motion. Combined, this information will be used to optimize on-line the scanning trajectory, resulting in improved visibility of faint targets. Fringe packet identification is highly accurate and robust (99% of the 4000 fringe packets were identified correctly, the remaining 1% were either out of the scan range or too noisy to be seen) and is performed in 30-90 milliseconds on a Pentium II-based computer. Fringe packet prediction, currently performed using an adaptive linear predictor, delivers a 10% improvement over the baseline of predicting no motion.

Wilson, Edward↗

Improved Measurements of Nonlinear Integrable Optics Invariants at IOTA

Nonlinear integrable optics (NIO) are a promising novel approach at improving the stability of high intensity beams. Implementations of NIO based on specialized magnetic elements are being tested at the Integrable Optics Test Accelerator (IOTA) at Fermilab. One method of verifying proper implementation of these solutions is by measuring the analytic invariants predicted by theory. The initial measurements of nonlinear invariants were performed during IOTA run in 2019/20, however the covid-19 pandemic prevented the full-scale experimental program from being completed. Several important improvements were implemented in IOTA for the 2022/23 run, including the operation at higher beam energy of 150 MeV, improved optics control, and chromaticity correction. This report presents the results of improved measurements of nonlinear invariants.

43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗