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At least 19 records
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2024

Quantum magnetism in the frustrated square lattice oxyhalides YbBi 2 IO 4 and YbBi 2 ClO 4

Square-lattice systems offer a direct route for realizing two-dimensional (2D) quantum magnetism with frustration induced by competing interactions. In this work, the square lattice materials YbBi 2 IO 4 and YbBi 2 ClO 4 were investigated using a combination of magnetization and specific-heat measurements on polycrystalline samples. Specific-heat measurements provide evidence for long-range magnetic order below $T$ N = 0.21 K (0.25 K) for YbBi 2 IO 4 (YbBi 2 ClO 4 ). On the other hand, a rather broad maximum is found in the temperature-dependent magnetic susceptibility, located at $T$ max = 0.33 K (0.38 K) in YbBi 2 IO 4 (YbBi 2 ClO 4 ), consistent with the quasi-2D magnetism expected for the large separation between the magnetic layers. Estimation of the magnetic entropy supports the expected Kramers' doublet ground state for Yb 3+ and the observed paramagnetic behavior is consistent with a well-isolated doublet. Roughly two-thirds of the entropy is consumed above $T$ N , due to a combination of the quasi-2D behavior and magnetic frustration. The impact of frustration is examined from the viewpoint of a simplified $J$ 1 -$J$ 2 square lattice model, which is frustrated for antiferromagnetic interactions. Specifically, a high-temperature series expansion analysis of the temperature-dependent specific-heat and magnetization data yields $J$ 2 /$J$ 1 = 0.30 (=0.23) for YbBi 2 IO 4 (YbBi 2 ClO 4 ). In conclusion, this simplified analysis suggests strong frustration that should promote significant quantum fluctuations in these compounds, and thus motivates future work on the static and dynamic magnetic properties of these materials.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗
DOE OSTI2026

Reactions of U(DMSO) 8 (ClO 4 ) 4 with Terpyridine Yield Dimeric Hydrolysis Products and Induce C–C Coupling

Reactions have been carried out using UIV(DMSO) 8 (ClO 4 ) 4 with 2,2′:6′,2″-terpyridine (terpy) under nonaqueous conditions. At room temperature in acetonitrile, the combination of the U(IV) starting material with terpy resulted in a mixture containing [UO 2 (DMSO) 2 terpy][ClO 4 ] 2 ·MeCN, while increasing the water content led to the hydrolysis products [(UO 2 (DMSO)terpy) 2 (μ 2 –O)][ClO 4 ] 2 and [(UO 2 terpy) 2 (μ 2 –OH) 2 ][ClO 4 ] 2 ·MeCN·H 2 O. Performing the reaction at slightly elevated temperature with no added water led to the formation of [UO 2 sexipyridine][ClO 4 ] 2 ·MeCN. This new uranyl complex contains the hexadentate ligand 2,2′:6′,2″:6″,2″:6‴,2⁗:6⁗,2⁗′-sexipyridine, which formed in situ from the tetravalent uranium starting material, where photoexcited uranyl or in situ generated peroxide could have induced C–C coupling. Analysis of bonding in the dimeric uranyl species via quantum chemical methods revealed a small increase in covalency of the bridging oxo unit and a slightly greater stability compared to the bridging hydroxo compound, which causes a significant shift in the uranyl symmetric stretch in the Raman spectrum. Structural, spectroscopic, and computational comparisons are made across the series of compounds, providing insight into the bonding and reactivity of uranium in nonaqueous media.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
DOE OSTI2025

Magnetic excitations from the hexagonal spin clusters in the 𝑆 = $\frac{1}{2}$ distorted honeycomb lattice antiferromagnet Cu 2 ⁢(pymca)⁢ 3 ⁢(ClO 4 )

Cu 2 ⁢(pymca) ⁢3 (ClO 4 ) (pymca: pyrimidine-2-carboxylate) consists of a slightly distorted honeycomb lattice of Cu 2+ spins, which shows no long-range magnetic order down to 0.6 K. A magnetization study revealed 1/3 and 2/3 plateau phases [A. Okutani et al., J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. 88, 013703 (2019)], which is not expected for regular honeycomb antiferromagnets. Inelastic neutron scattering experiments were performed using a powder sample to investigate the exchange interactions of this material. The spin excitations from the singlet ground state to the first three triplet states, predicted from the antiferromagnetic hexagonal spin cluster interacting with 3.9 meV, were observed. Using the exact diagonalization methods, the intercluster coupling was estimated from the excitation peak width to be about 20% of the intracluster interaction, which is consistent with the previously reported value. Finally, our exchange path model explains the anisotropic exchange interactions in the distorted honeycomb plane.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗
DOE OSTI2025

Crystal field splittings and magnetic ground state of the square-lattice antiferromagnets YbBi 2 ⁢ClO 4 and YbBi 2 ⁢IO 4 with J eff = $\frac{1}{2}$

Here, we report on the crystal field level splitting and magnetic ground state of the J eff = $\frac{1}{2}$ square lattice antiferromagnets YbBi 2 ⁢ClO 4 and YbBi 2 ⁢IO 4 using powder inelastic neutron scattering (INS) and neutron diffraction measurements. Both compounds exhibit a well-isolated Γ 7 doublet ground state under a tetragonal crystal field environment, confirming a robust J eff = $\frac{1}{2}$ picture with slight XY-type anisotropic character in the g-tensor. Notably, the ground state wave functions closely resemble the Γ 7 doublet expected in the perfect cubic limit, consistent with the nearly cubic ligand configuration of eight O 2- ions surrounding Yb 3+ . Below T N = 0.21 K, YbBi 2 ⁢IO 4 exhibits a stripe long-range magnetic order characterized by an ordering wave vector q m = (1/2, 0, 0) or its symmetry-equivalent (0, 1/2, 0), with magnetic moments aligned along q m . The ordered moment is approximately 79% of the classical prediction, significantly larger than expected from the isotropic J 1 -J 2 model, suggesting the possible involvement of exchange anisotropy in explaining this observation. We show that symmetry-allowed XXZ and bond-dependent anisotropic exchange terms in a square lattice can play a critical role in stabilizing the stripe order and suppressing the moment reduction as observed. These findings establish YbBi 2 ⁢ClO 4 and YbBi 2 ⁢IO 4 as unique platforms for exploring rich J eff = $\frac{1}{2}$ magnetism from two less investigated perspectives: (i) on a square lattice and (ii) within a (nearly) cubic ligand environment.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗
DOE OSTI2020

Correlating Mechanical Sensitivity with Spin Transition in the Explosive Spin Crossover Complex [Fe(Htrz) 3 ] n [ClO 4 ] 2 n

Spin crossover complexes are known to undergo bond length, volume, and enthalpy changes during spin transition. In an explosive spin crossover complex, these changes could affect the mechanical and initiation sensitivity of the explosive and lead to the development of a new class of sensitivity switchable materials. To explore this relationship, the well-known spin crossover compound [Fe(Htrz) 3 ] n [ClO 4 ] 2n (1) was re-evaluated for its explosive properties, and its mechanical impact sensitivity was correlated to spin transition. A variable temperature impact test was developed and used to evaluate the impact sensitivity of 1 in the low spin (LS, S = 0), thermally accessed high spin (HS, S = 2), and mixed LS and HS states. For comparison, the structurally similar Ni compound, [Ni(Htrz) 3 ] n [ClO 4 ] 2n (2), which does not undergo a spin transition at accessible temperatures, was synthesized and characterized, and its explosive properties and variable temperature impact sensitivity measured. These results reveal a correlation between impact sensitivity and spin transition, where 1 exhibits lower impact sensitivity in the LS state and increases in sensitivity upon transition to the HS state. Here, density functional theory was used to predict structural changes that occur upon spin transition that correlate to the change in sensitivity. This demonstrates, for the first time, an explosive spin crossover compound (ExSCO) that exhibits switchable impact sensitivity with a fully reversible internal switching mechanism.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on AsHPb4(ClO)4 by Materials Project

Pb4AsH(OCl)4 crystallizes in the monoclinic P2_1/c space group. The structure is three-dimensional. there are four inequivalent Pb2+ sites. In the first Pb2+ site, Pb2+ is bonded in a 1-coordinate geometry to one O2- and six Cl1- atoms. The Pb–O bond length is 2.39 Å. There are a spread of Pb–Cl bond distances ranging from 2.87–3.62 Å. In the second Pb2+ site, Pb2+ is bonded in a 5-coordinate geometry to three O2- and three Cl1- atoms. There are a spread of Pb–O bond distances ranging from 2.37–2.58 Å. There are a spread of Pb–Cl bond distances ranging from 2.95–3.53 Å. In the third Pb2+ site, Pb2+ is bonded in a 8-coordinate geometry to four O2- and four Cl1- atoms. There are a spread of Pb–O bond distances ranging from 2.48–2.67 Å. There are a spread of Pb–Cl bond distances ranging from 3.20–3.40 Å. In the fourth Pb2+ site, Pb2+ is bonded in a 6-coordinate geometry to three O2- and three Cl1- atoms. There are a spread of Pb–O bond distances ranging from 2.33–2.49 Å. There are a spread of Pb–Cl bond distances ranging from 2.98–3.50 Å. As3+ is bonded in a distorted T-shaped geometry to three O2- atoms. There are a spread of As–O bond distances ranging from 1.80–1.86 Å. H1+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to two O2- atoms. There is one shorter (1.01 Å) and one longer (1.71 Å) H–O bond length. There are four inequivalent O2- sites. In the first O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 1-coordinate geometry to three Pb2+, one As3+, and one Cl1- atom. The O–Cl bond length is 3.39 Å. In the second O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to three Pb2+ and one As3+ atom. In the third O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 1-coordinate geometry to two Pb2+, one As3+, and one H1+ atom. In the fourth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted single-bond geometry to three Pb2+ and one H1+ atom. There are four inequivalent Cl1- sites. In the first Cl1- site, Cl1- is bonded in a 1-coordinate geometry to five Pb2+ and one O2- atom. In the second Cl1- site, Cl1- is bonded in a 2-coordinate geometry to three equivalent Pb2+ atoms. In the third Cl1- site, Cl1- is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to four Pb2+ atoms. In the fourth Cl1- site, Cl1- is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to four Pb2+ atoms.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on Rb2U(ClO)4 by Materials Project

Computed materials data using density functional theory calculations. These calculations determine the electronic structure of bulk materials by solving approximations to the Schrodinger equation. For more information, see https://materialsproject.org/docs/calculations

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on Mo3H9I3(ClO)4 by Materials Project

Computed materials data using density functional theory calculations. These calculations determine the electronic structure of bulk materials by solving approximations to the Schrodinger equation. For more information, see https://materialsproject.org/docs/calculations

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on HI(ClO)4 by Materials Project

O2HO2ICl4 crystallizes in the monoclinic P2_1/c space group. The structure is zero-dimensional and consists of two hydrogen peroxide molecules and two ICl4 clusters. In each ICl4 cluster, I is bonded in a square co-planar geometry to four equivalent Cl atoms. There are two shorter (2.48 Å) and two longer (2.49 Å) I–Cl bond lengths. Cl is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one I atom.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on SiPb4(ClO)4 by Materials Project

Pb4Si(OCl)4 crystallizes in the monoclinic P2_1/c space group. The structure is three-dimensional. there are four inequivalent Pb2+ sites. In the first Pb2+ site, Pb2+ is bonded in a 2-coordinate geometry to two O2- and three Cl1- atoms. There are one shorter (2.34 Å) and one longer (2.38 Å) Pb–O bond lengths. There are a spread of Pb–Cl bond distances ranging from 2.84–3.27 Å. In the second Pb2+ site, Pb2+ is bonded in a 6-coordinate geometry to two O2- and seven Cl1- atoms. There are one shorter (2.41 Å) and one longer (2.56 Å) Pb–O bond lengths. There are a spread of Pb–Cl bond distances ranging from 2.90–3.65 Å. In the third Pb2+ site, Pb2+ is bonded in a 2-coordinate geometry to two O2- and three Cl1- atoms. There are one shorter (2.30 Å) and one longer (2.33 Å) Pb–O bond lengths. There are a spread of Pb–Cl bond distances ranging from 2.93–3.18 Å. In the fourth Pb2+ site, Pb2+ is bonded in a 8-coordinate geometry to three O2- and five Cl1- atoms. There are a spread of Pb–O bond distances ranging from 2.52–2.59 Å. There are a spread of Pb–Cl bond distances ranging from 3.05–3.34 Å. Si4+ is bonded in a tetrahedral geometry to four O2- atoms. There is three shorter (1.65 Å) and one longer (1.66 Å) Si–O bond length. There are four inequivalent O2- sites. In the first O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 1-coordinate geometry to two Pb2+ and one Si4+ atom. In the second O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted single-bond geometry to three Pb2+ and one Si4+ atom. In the third O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 1-coordinate geometry to two Pb2+ and one Si4+ atom. In the fourth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 1-coordinate geometry to two Pb2+ and one Si4+ atom. There are five inequivalent Cl1- sites. In the first Cl1- site, Cl1- is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to five Pb2+ atoms. In the second Cl1- site, Cl1- is bonded in a 5-coordinate geometry to five Pb2+ atoms. In the third Cl1- site, Cl1- is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to three Pb2+ atoms. In the fourth Cl1- site, Cl1- is bonded in a distorted square co-planar geometry to four Pb2+ atoms. In the fifth Cl1- site, Cl1- is bonded in a 6-coordinate geometry to six Pb2+ atoms.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on I(ClO)4 by Materials Project

(O2)2ICl4 crystallizes in the monoclinic P2_1/c space group. The structure is zero-dimensional and consists of four oxygen molecules and two ICl4 clusters. In each ICl4 cluster, I is bonded in a square co-planar geometry to four Cl atoms. There are two shorter (2.48 Å) and two longer (2.50 Å) I–Cl bond lengths. There are two inequivalent Cl sites. In the first Cl site, Cl is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one I atom. In the second Cl site, Cl is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one I atom.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on H9Au(ClO)4 by Materials Project

AuCl4(H2O)2H5O2 crystallizes in the triclinic P1 space group. The structure is zero-dimensional and consists of one molecular hydrogen;dihydrate molecule, two water molecules, and one AuCl4 cluster. In the AuCl4 cluster, Au3+ is bonded in a rectangular see-saw-like geometry to four Cl1- atoms. There are one shorter (2.31 Å) and three longer (2.32 Å) Au–Cl bond lengths. There are four inequivalent Cl1- sites. In the first Cl1- site, Cl1- is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one Au3+ atom. In the second Cl1- site, Cl1- is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one Au3+ atom. In the third Cl1- site, Cl1- is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one Au3+ atom. In the fourth Cl1- site, Cl1- is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one Au3+ atom.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on CeN(ClO)4 by Materials Project

Ce(OCl2)2NO2 crystallizes in the orthorhombic P2_12_12 space group. The structure is one-dimensional and consists of two nitrous acid molecules and two Ce(OCl2)2 ribbons oriented in the (1, 0, 0) direction. In each Ce(OCl2)2 ribbon, Ce is bonded in a 2-coordinate geometry to two equivalent O and four Cl atoms. Both Ce–O bond lengths are 2.12 Å. There are two shorter (2.62 Å) and two longer (3.24 Å) Ce–Cl bond lengths. O is bonded in a bent 150 degrees geometry to one Ce and one Cl atom. The O–Cl bond length is 1.64 Å. There are two inequivalent Cl sites. In the first Cl site, Cl is bonded in a distorted water-like geometry to one Ce and one O atom. In the second Cl site, Cl is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one Ce atom.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on PrN(ClO)4 by Materials Project

PrN(OCl)4 crystallizes in the orthorhombic P2_12_12 space group. The structure is one-dimensional and consists of two PrN(OCl)4 ribbons oriented in the (1, 0, 0) direction. Pr is bonded in a 6-coordinate geometry to four O and two equivalent Cl atoms. There are two shorter (2.36 Å) and two longer (2.75 Å) Pr–O bond lengths. Both Pr–Cl bond lengths are 2.68 Å. N is bonded in a bent 120 degrees geometry to two equivalent O atoms. Both N–O bond lengths are 1.22 Å. There are two inequivalent O sites. In the first O site, O is bonded in a bent 120 degrees geometry to one Pr and one Cl atom. The O–Cl bond length is 1.61 Å. In the second O site, O is bonded in a distorted bent 150 degrees geometry to one Pr and one N atom. There are two inequivalent Cl sites. In the first Cl site, Cl is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one Pr atom. In the second Cl site, Cl is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one O atom.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on KNd(ClO)4 by Materials Project

KNd(OCl)4 crystallizes in the orthorhombic P2_12_12 space group. The structure is three-dimensional. K is bonded in a 6-coordinate geometry to two equivalent O and four equivalent Cl atoms. Both K–O bond lengths are 3.30 Å. There are two shorter (3.04 Å) and two longer (3.63 Å) K–Cl bond lengths. Nd is bonded in a 6-coordinate geometry to two equivalent O and four Cl atoms. Both Nd–O bond lengths are 2.37 Å. There are two shorter (2.71 Å) and two longer (2.95 Å) Nd–Cl bond lengths. There are two inequivalent O sites. In the first O site, O is bonded in a distorted bent 120 degrees geometry to one K and one O atom. The O–O bond length is 1.24 Å. In the second O site, O is bonded in a water-like geometry to one Nd and one Cl atom. The O–Cl bond length is 1.68 Å. There are two inequivalent Cl sites. In the first Cl site, Cl is bonded in a distorted water-like geometry to one Nd and one O atom. In the second Cl site, Cl is bonded in a distorted trigonal planar geometry to two equivalent K and one Nd atom.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on CsNd(ClO)4 by Materials Project

CsNd(OCl)4 crystallizes in the orthorhombic P2_12_12 space group. The structure is three-dimensional. Cs is bonded in a 8-coordinate geometry to four O and four equivalent Cl atoms. There are two shorter (3.41 Å) and two longer (3.81 Å) Cs–O bond lengths. There are two shorter (3.35 Å) and two longer (3.71 Å) Cs–Cl bond lengths. Nd is bonded in a distorted octahedral geometry to two equivalent O and four Cl atoms. Both Nd–O bond lengths are 2.36 Å. There are two shorter (2.71 Å) and two longer (2.95 Å) Nd–Cl bond lengths. There are two inequivalent O sites. In the first O site, O is bonded in a bent 120 degrees geometry to one Cs, one Nd, and one Cl atom. The O–Cl bond length is 1.67 Å. In the second O site, O is bonded in a bent 120 degrees geometry to one Cs and one O atom. The O–O bond length is 1.23 Å. There are two inequivalent Cl sites. In the first Cl site, Cl is bonded in a bent 120 degrees geometry to one Nd and one O atom. In the second Cl site, Cl is bonded in a distorted trigonal planar geometry to two equivalent Cs and one Nd atom.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on RbPr(ClO)4 by Materials Project

RbPr(OCl)4 crystallizes in the orthorhombic P2_12_12 space group. The structure is three-dimensional. Rb is bonded in a 8-coordinate geometry to four O and four equivalent Cl atoms. There are two shorter (3.15 Å) and two longer (3.25 Å) Rb–O bond lengths. There are two shorter (3.22 Å) and two longer (3.61 Å) Rb–Cl bond lengths. Pr is bonded in a 6-coordinate geometry to two equivalent O and four Cl atoms. Both Pr–O bond lengths are 2.42 Å. There are two shorter (2.72 Å) and two longer (3.04 Å) Pr–Cl bond lengths. There are two inequivalent O sites. In the first O site, O is bonded in a distorted bent 120 degrees geometry to one Rb and one O atom. The O–O bond length is 1.24 Å. In the second O site, O is bonded in a distorted trigonal non-coplanar geometry to one Rb, one Pr, and one Cl atom. The O–Cl bond length is 1.67 Å. There are two inequivalent Cl sites. In the first Cl site, Cl is bonded in a 2-coordinate geometry to one Pr and one O atom. In the second Cl site, Cl is bonded in a distorted trigonal planar geometry to two equivalent Rb and one Pr atom.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on RbLa(ClO)4 by Materials Project

RbLa(OCl)4 crystallizes in the orthorhombic P2_12_12 space group. The structure is three-dimensional. Rb is bonded in a 8-coordinate geometry to four O and four equivalent Cl atoms. There are two shorter (3.34 Å) and two longer (3.51 Å) Rb–O bond lengths. There are two shorter (3.20 Å) and two longer (3.59 Å) Rb–Cl bond lengths. La is bonded in a 6-coordinate geometry to two equivalent O and four Cl atoms. Both La–O bond lengths are 2.39 Å. There are two shorter (2.76 Å) and two longer (3.07 Å) La–Cl bond lengths. There are two inequivalent O sites. In the first O site, O is bonded in a distorted water-like geometry to one Rb, one La, and one Cl atom. The O–Cl bond length is 1.67 Å. In the second O site, O is bonded in a distorted bent 120 degrees geometry to one Rb and one O atom. The O–O bond length is 1.24 Å. There are two inequivalent Cl sites. In the first Cl site, Cl is bonded in a distorted water-like geometry to one La and one O atom. In the second Cl site, Cl is bonded in a trigonal planar geometry to two equivalent Rb and one La atom.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗