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HoGe crystallizes in the orthorhombic Cmcm space group. The structure is three-dimensional. Ho is bonded in a 5-coordinate geometry to seven equivalent Ge atoms. There are a spread of Ho–Ge bond distances ranging from 2.95–3.21 Å. Ge is bonded in a 5-coordinate geometry to seven equivalent Ho and two equivalent Ge atoms. Both Ge–Ge bond lengths are 2.70 Å.
Ho4LiGe4 crystallizes in the orthorhombic Pnma space group. The structure is three-dimensional. Li is bonded in a distorted T-shaped geometry to five Ge atoms. There are a spread of Li–Ge bond distances ranging from 2.70–3.17 Å. There are two inequivalent Ho sites. In the first Ho site, Ho is bonded in a 7-coordinate geometry to seven Ge atoms. There are a spread of Ho–Ge bond distances ranging from 2.97–3.38 Å. In the second Ho site, Ho is bonded in a 6-coordinate geometry to six Ge atoms. There are a spread of Ho–Ge bond distances ranging from 2.85–3.03 Å. There are three inequivalent Ge sites. In the first Ge site, Ge is bonded in a 9-coordinate geometry to two equivalent Li, six Ho, and one Ge atom. The Ge–Ge bond length is 2.56 Å. In the second Ge site, Ge is bonded in a 9-coordinate geometry to one Li, seven Ho, and one Ge atom. The Ge–Ge bond length is 2.67 Å. In the third Ge site, Ge is bonded in a 8-coordinate geometry to one Li, six Ho, and one Ge atom.
The new siloxy-germoxy ligand HOGe[OSi(O t Bu) 3 ] 3 generates Mn-, Fe-, and Cr-containing precursors suitable for thermolytic molecular precursor routes to quaternary oxides.
The energy spectrum of cosmic rays above 2.5 EeV has been measured across the declination range - 9 0 ° ≤ δ ≤ + 44.8 ° using ∼ 310 000 events accrued at the Pierre Auger Observatory from an exposure of ( 104 900 ± 3 100 ) km 2 sr yr . No significant variations of energy spectra with declination are observed, after allowing or not for nonuniformities across the sky arising from the well-established dipolar anisotropies in the arrival directions of ultrahigh-energy cosmic rays. Here, the instep feature in the spectrum at ≃ 10 EeV reported previously is now established at a significance above 5 σ . Within the statistics, the energy spectra are indistinguishable across declinations so disfavoring an origin for the instep from a few distinctive sources.
Legume crops establish beneficial associations with rhizobial bacteria that perform biological nitrogen fixation, providing nitrogen to plants without the economic and greenhouse gas emission costs of chemical nitrogen inputs. Here, we examine the influence of three environmental factors that vary in agricultural fields on strain relative fitness in nodules.