Engineering Papers⌕ Search

SEARCH · Engineering Papers

Results for “HFE-7100”

Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

10 records
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2022

A remarkable CHF of 345W/cm 2 is achieved in a wicked-microchannel using HFE-7100

Boiling heat transfer of dielectric fluids is a promising cooling technique for thermal management of microelectronic systems. However, the critical heat flux achievable is generally low, because of the poor thermophysical properties of these fluids. Here, to address this dilemma, we propose a new cooling concept to substantially enhance global liquid supply during phase-change process using enhanced capillary-driven force. Additionally, dedicated vapor pathways are designed among a bank of micro-pillars to facilitate vapor removal. In this work, new wicks comprised of silicon micro-pinfin arrays are explored to significantly enhance the flow boiling heat transfer performance. To examine the functionalities of this wick, experiments on HFE-7100 were carried out with mass velocities varying from 247 to 3,465 kg/m 2 s. To explore the enhancement mechanisms and to analyze the capillary-assisted flow boiling process, visualization studies were conducted. The results indicate that sustainable evaporation induced by wick microstructures and efficient liquid supply are the enhancement mechanisms compared to parallel microchannels with solid walls. It is found that the overall heat transfer coefficient is substantially increased up to 75%. Remarkably, a high critical heat flux (CHF) of approximately 345 W/cm 2 is recorded at G = 3,465 kg/m 2 s at coolant inlet temperature of ~20 °C. Equally importantly, this noticeable enhancement of CHF value is associated with drastically decreased pressure drops compared to microchannels decorated with μ-pinfin fences.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
NASA NTRS2026

Hydrofluoroether (HFE) Cleaning Fluid Replacement and Qualification

This NASA Engineering and Safety Center (NESC) Technical Assessment Report addresses the urgent need to identify, test, and qualify replacement cleaning solvents and technologies following 3M’s decision to discontinue production of hydrofluoroether (HFE) products, including Novec HFE-7100, by the end of 2025. HFE-7100 is widely used across NASA for precision cleaning of ground and flight hardware, especially in oxygen system components, and as a heat transfer fluid in high-power-density thermal control systems. The assessment evaluates commercially available replacement solvents, alternative cleaning technologies, and their compatibility with NASA’s operational requirements. Key findings include the identification of viable solvent replacements, their performance in contaminant removal, materials compatibility, and oxygen system safety. The report also explores novel cleaning approaches, including aqueous, supercritical CO₂, cryogenic aerosol, plasma, UV-ozone, magnetically optimized fluids, and induced charge active filtration, highlighting their merits, limitations, and readiness for NASA adoption. The NESC provides recommendations for solvent selection, facility adaptation, and continued technology maturation to ensure mission continuity and regulatory compliance.

Alternative Cleaning Technologies↗
DOE OSTI2025

Pool boiling heat transfer evaluation of next-generation dielectric fluid: Opteon™ 2P50

The growing use of artificial intelligence has led to heavy thermal loads and high heat dissipation rates in data centers. Conventional air-cooled technologies are not able to fulfill these requirements. To overcome these challenges, two-phase immersion cooling (2PIC) has emerged as one of the leading technologies for high power-density chips. 2PIC increases the heat dissipation rate and efficiency of the system while reducing the footprint of the cooling equipment. A fluid with adequate dielectric properties, a suitable normal boiling temperature to maintain chip temperatures, and good material compatibility, is desired for 2PIC system. In this study, the pool boiling heat transfer of a new developmental dielectric fluid, Opteon™ 2P50, was experimentally investigated. The heat transfer coefficients at various heat fluxes (20–150 kW/m 2 ) and the critical heat flux were measured using a smooth aluminum surface. Compared with HFE-7100, Opteon™ 2P50 shows higher heat transfer coefficient (up to 59% higher) and a slightly lower value of critical heat flux (around 5.9% lower). The modified Cooper correlation with the optimized leading constant resulted in reliable prediction accuracy with a 5.3% mean absolute error percentage. Overall, these results indicate that the new dielectric fluid provides similar thermal performance to some legacy fluids.

2P50↗
DOE OSTI2023

Process Usage of 3M Novec™ Fluids at LANL [Slides]

Overview: LANL is using several 3M Novec TM hydrofluoroether (HFE) fluids in production processes; Novec TM HFR fluids currently being used for LANL production processes are: HFE-71IPA, HFE-72DE, HFE-7100, and HFE-7500; With the exit of these fluids being sold commercially scheduled for 2025, LANL is researching what about these HFE fluids make them specifically effective for the processes they are used for in hopes of finding adequate replacement.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
DOE OSTI2023

Process Usage of 3M Novec™ Fluids at LANL [Slides]

The following presentation addresses LANL’s use of Novec™ fluids and specific fluid properties; LANL uses several 3M Novec™ hydrofluoroether (HFE) fluids in various production processes; Novec™ HFE fluids currently used are: HFE-71IPA; HFE-72DE; HFE-7100; HFE-7500; Plutonium’s unique properties and challenging manufacturing conditions require fluids to be above all else: non-flammable; chemically inert.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
NASA NTRS2010

Selection of Environmentally Friendly Solvents for the Extravehicular Mobility Unit Secondary Oxygen Pack Cold Trap Testing

Freon-113(TradeMark) has been used as a chemistry lab sampling solvent at NASA/JSC for EMU (extravehicular Mobility Unit) SOP (Secondary Oxygen Pack) oxygen testing Cold Traps utilized at the USA (United Space Alliance) Houston facility. Similar testing has occurred at the HSWL (Hamilton Sundstrand Windsor Locks) facility. A NASA Executive Order bans the procurement of all ODS (ozone depleting substances), including Freon-113 by the end of 2009. In order to comply with NASA direction, HSWL began evaluating viable solvents to replace Freon-113 . The study and testing effort to find Freon-113 replacements used for Cold Trap sampling is the subject of this paper. Test results have shown HFE-7100 (a 3M fluorinated ether) to be an adequate replacement for Freon-113 as a solvent to remove and measure the non-volatile residue collected in a Cold Trap during oxygen testing. Furthermore, S-316 (a Horiba Instruments Inc. high molecular weight, non-ODS chlorofluorocarbon) was found to be an adequate replacement for Freon-113 as a solvent to reconstitute non-volatile residue removed from a Cold Trap during oxygen testing for subsequent HC (hydrocarbon) analysis via FTIR (Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy).

Steele, John↗
NASA NTRS2012

Alternative Green Solvents Project

Necessary for safe and proper functioning of equipment. Mainly halogenated solvents. Tetrachloride, Trichloroethylene (TCE), CFC-113. No longer used due to regulatory/safety concerns. Precision Cleaning at KSC: Small % of total parts. Used for liquid oxygen (LOX) systems. Dual solvent process. Vertrel MCA (decafluoropentane (DFP) and trons-dichloroethylene) HFE-7100. DFP has long term environmental concerns. Project Goals: a) Identify potential replacements. b) 22 wet chemical processes. c) 3 alternative processes. d) Develop test procedures. e) Contamination and cleaning. f) Analysis. g) Use results to recommend alternative processes. Conclusions: a) No alternative matched Vertrel in this study. b) No clear second place solvent. c) Hydrocarbons- easy; Fluorinated greases- difficult. d) Fluorinated component may be needed in replacement solvent. e) Process may need to make up for shortcoming of the solvent. f) Plasma and SCC02 warrant further testing.

Maloney, Phillip R.↗
NASA NTRSDate not supplied

Gateway bi-propellant refueling development testing and model validation activities

The Gateway is an upcoming long term lunar exploration program to be completed by NASA in partnership with ESA and other US and international partners. The system design of the Gateway contains both a high performance Xenon based Solar Electric Propulsion system, as well as a bi-propellant attitude control system. Both propulsion systems are designed for on-orbit refueling to enable long life performance of the Gateway. The ESPRIT-RM is a module which will expand the pressurized volume of Gateway, while also providing refueling capability for both the Xenon and Bipropellant propulsion systems, therefore extending the Gateway life on orbit. As part of the Gateway bi-propellant refueling system development, a simplified fluidic breadboard system was created to evaluate system performance and response using simulant fluids. The test plan includes verification activities with simulant (water, HFE-7100) to verify joined subsystem behavior in the critical operations, including propellant transfer demonstration between modules, transient tests and venting tests. Integrated testing occurred at TASUK in collaboration with NASA to support joint verification activities to de-risk the major functions of the ESPRIT BTS and the overall CONOPS of the refueling of the Gateway chemical propulsion system. Initially collected test data from the system testing is presented, as well as initial model validation, and correlated to collected high frequency test data and system response is shown. Initially collected data has shown the architected system performance is closing initial design assumptions, but much forward work remains to characterize and develop the system.

Christopher Daniel Radke↗
NASA NTRSDate not supplied

Joint Development Testing of the Integrated Gateway-Esprit Bipropellant Refuelling System

The Gateway is an upcoming long term lunar exploration program to be completed by NASA in partnership with ESA and other US and international partners. The system design of the Gateway contains both a high performance Xenon based Solar Electric Propulsion system, as well as a bi-propellant attitude control system. Both propulsion systems are designed for on-orbit refuelling to enable long life performance of the Gateway. The ESPRIT-RM is a module which will expand the pressurized volume of Gateway, while also providing refuelling capability for both the Xenon and Bipropellant propulsion systems, therefore extending the Gateway life on orbit. As part of the Gateway bi-propellant refuelling system development, a simplified fluidic breadboard system was created to evaluate system performance and response using simulant fluids. The test plan includes verification activities with simulant (water, HFE-7100) to verify joined subsystem behaviour in the critical operations, including propellant transfer demonstration between modules, transient tests and venting tests. Integrated testing will occur at TASUK in collaboration with NASA to support joint verification activities to de-risk the major functions of the ESPRIT Bipropellant Transfer Subsystem (BTS) and the overall CONOPS of the refuelling of the Gateway chemical propulsion system. Initially collected test data is presented and has shown the architected system performance is closing initial design assumptions, but much forward work is identified to continue to characterize and develop the system.

Sebastian Hill↗
NASA NTRS1997

HFE 7100 Compatibility with Orbiter Materials

Chlorofluorocarbon (CFC) 113 is currently specified as the precision cleaning and verification fluid for orbiter materials. The production ban of CFC 113, an ozone-depleting chlorofluorocarbon, has resulted in a search for a replacement cleaning fluid. Recently, the 3M Company announced the manufacture of a new class of cleaning fluids, hydrofluoroethers. The first in this class of cleaning fluids is HFE 7100, perfluorobutyl methyl ether. This cleaning fluid has been submitted for consideration as a replacement for CFC 113. One of the requirements of the certification process for a replacement cleaning fluid is compatibility testing. The Johnson Space Center (JSC) Materials and Manufacturing Division has requested that NASA JSC White Sands Test Facility perform the compatibility testing with HFE 7100 on selected orbiter materials. Most of the materials selected for testing were previously evaluated for compatibility with CFC 113. Some of the materials are new additions to the orbiter or were not available when the compatibility testing was performed with CFC 113. These materials were evaluated with both cleaning fluids and the results were used to compare the response to the cleaning fluid and to satisfy the certification process requirements. It was found that HFE 7100 is generally compatible with the materials tested.

Chlorofluorocarbon↗