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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 19 records
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2012

Atoms in Flight: The Remarkable Connections between Atomic and Hadronic Physics

Atomic physics and hadron physics are both based on Yang Mills gauge theory; in fact, quantum electrodynamics can be regarded as the zero-color limit of quantum chromodynamics. I review a number of areas where the techniques of atomic physics provide important insight into the theory of hadrons in QCD. For example, the Dirac-Coulomb equation, which predicts the spectroscopy and structure of hydrogenic atoms, has an analog in hadron physics in the form of light-front relativistic equations of motion which give a remarkable first approximation to the spectroscopy, dynamics, and structure of light hadrons. The renormalization scale for the running coupling, which is unambiguously set in QED, leads to a method for setting the renormalization scale in QCD. The production of atoms in flight provides a method for computing the formation of hadrons at the amplitude level. Conversely, many techniques which have been developed for hadron physics, such as scaling laws, evolution equations, and light-front quantization have equal utility for atomic physics, especially in the relativistic domain. I also present a new perspective for understanding the contributions to the cosmological constant from QED and QCD.

71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗
DOE OSTI2015

The Common Elements of Atomic and Hadronic Physics

Atomic physics and hadronic physics are both governed by the Yang Mills gauge theory Lagrangian; in fact, Abelian quantum electrodynamics can be regarded as the zero-color limit of quantum chromodynamics. I review a number of areas where the techniques of atomic physics can provide important insight into hadronic eigenstates in QCD. For example, the Dirac-Coulomb equation, which predicts the spectroscopy and structure of hydrogenic atoms, has an analog in hadron physics in the form of frame-independent light-front relativistic equations of motion consistent with light-front holography which give a remarkable first approximation to the spectroscopy, dynamics, and structure of light hadrons. The production of antihydrogen in flight can provide important insight into the dynamics of hadron production in QCD at the amplitude level. The renormalization scale for the running coupling is unambiguously set in QED; an analogous procedure sets the renormalization scales in QCD, leading to scheme-independent scale-fixed predictions. Conversely, many techniques which have been developed for hadron physics, such as scaling laws, evolution equations, the quark-interchange process and light-front quantization have important applicants for atomic physics and photon science, especially in the relativistic domain.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2011

Precision spectroscopy of light kaonic atom X-rays in the SIDDHARTA experiment

The KN system at rest makes a sensitive testing ground for low energy QCD. At the DA{Phi}NE electron-positron collider of Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati we study kaonic atoms, taking advantage of the low-energy kaons from {Phi}-mesons decaying nearly at rest. The DEAR (DA{Phi}NE Exotic Atom Research) experiment at LNF delivered the most precise data on kaonic hydrogen up to now. DEAR and its follow-up experiment SIDDHARTA (Silicon Drift Detector for Hadronic Atom Research by Timing Application) are using X-ray spectroscopy of kaonic atoms to measure the strong interaction induced shift and width of the ground state. SIDDHARTA is the first experiment on kaonic helium-3 and deuterium ever, and kaonic hydrogen was remeasured with improved precision.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2023

Probing the nonexponential decay regime in open quantum systems

The most important law of radioactivity is that of the exponential decay. In the realm of quantum mechanics, however, this decay law is neither rigorous nor fundamental. The deviations from the exponential decay have been observed experimentally at the early stage of a decay process, but there is little evidence for non-exponential behavior at long times. Yet such long-term non-exponentiality is expected theoretically to probe the non-resonant background components of the initial wave function which preserve the structural interference and the memory of how the state was created. In this paper, we propose new observables that can be used for experimental investigations of the post-exponential decay regime, including the decay of threshold resonances, particle correlations in three-body decays, and interference between near-lying resonances. While the specific examples presented in this work pertain to atomic nuclei, the properties of non-exponential decay are generic, i.e., they apply to other many-body open quantum systems, such as hadrons, atoms, molecules, and nanostructures.

6 ≤ A ≤ 19↗
DOE OSTI2017

A practical superconducting-microcalorimeter X-ray spectrometer for beamline and laboratory science

We describe a series of microcalorimeter X-ray spectrometers designed for a broad suite of measurement applications. The chief advantage of this type of spectrometer is that it can be orders of magnitude more efficient at collecting X-rays than more traditional high-resolution spectrometers that rely on wavelength-dispersive techniques. This advantage is most useful in applications that are traditionally photon-starved and/or involve radiation-sensitive samples. Each energy-dispersive spectrometer is built around an array of several hundred transition-edge sensors (TESs). TESs are superconducting thin films that are biased into their superconducting-to-normal-metal transitions. The spectrometers share a common readout architecture and many design elements, such as a compact, 65 mK detector package, 8-column time-division-multiplexed superconducting quantum-interference device readout, and a liquid-cryogen-free cryogenic system that is a two-stage adiabatic-demagnetization refrigerator backed by a pulse-tube cryocooler. We have adapted this flexible architecture to mate to a variety of sample chambers and measurement systems that encompass a range of observing geometries. There are two different types of TES pixels employed. The first, designed for X-ray energies below 10 keV, has a best demonstrated energy resolution of 2.1 eV (full-width-at-half-maximum or FWHM) at 5.9 keV. The second, designed for X-ray energies below 2 keV, has a best demonstrated resolution of 1.0 eV (FWHM) at 500 eV. Our team has now deployed seven of these X-ray spectrometers to a variety of light sources, accelerator facilities, and laboratory-scale experiments; these seven spectrometers have already performed measurements related to their applications. Another five of these spectrometers will come online in the near future. We have applied our TES spectrometers to the following measurement applications: synchrotron-based absorption and emission spectroscopy and energy-resolved scattering; accelerator-based spectroscopy of hadronic atoms and particle-induced-emission spectroscopy; laboratory-based time-resolved absorption and emission spectroscopy with a tabletop, broadband source; and laboratory-based metrology of X-ray-emission lines. Here, we discuss the design, construction, and operation of our TES spectrometers and show first-light measurements from the various systems. Finally, because X-ray-TES technology continues to mature, we discuss improvements to array size, energy resolution, and counting speed that we anticipate in our next generation of TES-X-ray spectrometers and beyond.

47 OTHER INSTRUMENTATION↗
DOE OSTI2011

Nuclear Structure Studies of Exotic Nuclei

The experimental observation of proton radioactivity has provided a unique possibility to access exotic nuclei at the proton drip-line. A theoretical approach was developed to interpret the data, and predict the shape and structure of such neutron deficient nuclei. The present studies provide new and precise tools to access nuclear structure properties far from the stability domain.

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2010

Meson wave function from holographic approaches

We discuss the light-front wave function for the valence quark state of mesons using the AdS/CFT correspondence. We consider two kinds of wave functions obtained in different holographic Soft-Wall approaches.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2010

Recent results from WASA-at-COSY

WASA--a 4{pi} spectrometer for detection of charged and neutral particles--started operation at the cooler synchrotron COSY-Juelich in 2007. A number of experiments on meson production and decays have been carried out since then. The status of the analysis and preliminary results of some selected topics from the physics program are discussed.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2010

f{sub 2}(1270), a{sub 1}(1260) and f{sub 0}(1370) as dynamically reconstructed quark-antiquark states

It is explained why the interpretation of the resonances f{sub 2}(1270), a{sub 1}(1260) and f{sub 0}(1370) as quark-antiquark states is legitimate. The result of the quark model and of recently performed Bethe-Salpeter studies are not (necessarily) in conflict and can be understood as two different approaches toward the description of the same quark-antiquark resonances.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2011

Structure of unstable nuclei around N = 28 described by a shell model with the monopole-based universal interaction

The structure of exotic nuclei around N = 28 is investigated in the sd-pf shell-model space using a new effective interaction. The cross-shell part of the interaction is provided by the monopole-based universal interaction which has been successful in accounting for single-particle evolution in several mass regions. Focusing on the nuclear structure that is sensitive to the shell evolution, we show successful results for the proton-hole states in K isotopes and large deformation in {sup 42}Si. The results demonstrate that the present scheme may be a promising way for constructing an effective interaction for other mass regions.

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2010

Studying the decay mode of the J/{psi} into a vector meson and a tensor resonance

The decay mode of the J/{psi} into a vector meson and a tensor resonance is presented. The tensor resonances are considered as dynamically generated states from the vector meson-vector meson interaction provided by the hidden gauge formalism upon unitarization in coupled channels. The couplings of the resonances to the pairs of vector-vector building blocks were evaluated in a previous work. Four ratios of partial decay widths are evaluated using one parameter and compared with experimental data including BES collaboration. The theoretical results are compatible with present experimental data.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2011

SPARC: The Stored Particle Atomic Research Collaboration At FAIR

The future international accelerator Facility for Antiproton and Ion Research (FAIR) encompasses 4 scientific pillars containing at this time 14 approved technical proposals worked out by more than 2000 scientists from all over the world. They offer a wide range of new and challenging opportunities for atomic physics research in the realm of highly-charged heavy ions and exotic nuclei. As one of the backbones of the Atomic, Plasma Physics and Applications (APPA) pillar, the Stored Particle Atomic Physics Research Collaboration (SPARC) has organized tasks and activities in various working groups for which we will present a concise survey on their current status.

74 ATOMIC AND MOLECULAR PHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2010

Investigation of Kp- and Kd-atom formation and their collisional processes with hydrogen and deuterium targets by the classical-trajectory Monte Carlo method

The classical-trajectory Monte Carlo method has been used to study the capture of negative kaons by hydrogen and deuterium atoms; subsequently, the elastic scattering, Stark mixing, and Coulomb deexcitation cross sections of Kp and Kd atoms have been determined. The results for kaonic atom formation confirm the initial conditions that have been parametrically applied by most atomic cascade models. Our results show that Coulomb deexcitation in Kp and Kd atoms with {Delta}n>1 is important in addition to n=1. We have shown that the contribution of molecular structure effects to the cross sections of the collisional processes is larger than the isotopic effects of the targets. We have also compared our results with the semiclassical approaches.

74 ATOMIC AND MOLECULAR PHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2010

Mesonic and nonmesonic absorption of kaon in nuclear matter and {Lambda}(1405) doorway process

The mesonic and nonmesonic absorptions of kaon into nuclear systems are investigated from a viewpoint of {Lambda}(1405) doorway process. Using a one-meson exchange model in the calculation of the nonmesonic {Lambda}(1405)N{yields}YN transition and using the chiral unitary approach for the description of the {Lambda}(1405), we obtain the nonmesonic transition ratio {Gamma}{sub {Lambda}N}/{Gamma}{sub {Sigma}}{sup 0}{sub N{approx_equal}}1.2 which is almost independent of the nucleon density, and find the total nonmesonic decay width of the {Lambda}(1405) in uniform nuclear matter to be 22 MeV at the normal density. We also calculate the absorption for stopped K{sup -} in nuclear matter, and find that the ''formation rate'' of {Lambda}(1405) is important for the density dependence and the absolute value of the absorption potential of kaon in nuclear matter.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗