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DOE OSTI2017

GeoVision Analysis: Reservoir Maintenance and Development Task Force Report (GeoVision Analysis Supporting Task Force Report : Reservoir Maintenance and Development)

This report documents the key findings from the Reservoir Maintenance and Development (RM&D) Task of the U.S. Department of Energy's (DOE), Geothermal Technologies Office (GTO) Geothermal Vision Study (GeoVision Study). The GeoVision Study had the objective of conduc ting analyses of future geothermal growth based on sets of current and future geothermal technology developments. The RM&D Task is one of seven tasks within the GeoVision Study with the others being, Exploration and Confirmation, Potential to Penetration, Institutional Market Barriers, Environmental and Social Impacts, Thermal Applications, and Hybrid Systems. The full set of findings and the details of the GeoVision Study can be found in the final GeoVision Study report on the DOE-GTO website. As applied here, RM&D refers to the activities associated with developing, exploiting, and maintaining a known geothermal resource. It assumes that the site has already been vetted and that the resource has been evaluated to be of sufficient quality to move towards full-scale development. It also assumes that the resource is to be developed for power generation, as opposed to low-temperature or direct use applications. This document presents the key factors influencing RM&D from both a technological and operational standpoint and provides a baseline of its current state. It also looks forward to describe areas of research and development that must be pursued if the development geothermal energy is to reach its full potential.

15 GEOTHERMAL ENERGY↗
DOE OSTI2019

An Overview of the U.S. Department of Energy's GeoVision Report: Preprint

The U.S. Department of Energy's (DOE's) Geothermal Technologies Office (GTO) engaged in a multiyear research collaboration among national laboratories, industry experts, and academia to identify a vision for growth of the domestic geothermal industry across a range of geothermal energy types. The effort, called the GeoVision analysis, assessed opportunities to expand geothermal energy deployment by improving technologies, reducing costs, and mitigating barriers. The analysis also evaluated the economic and environmental impacts of such deployment - including industry growth, consumer energy prices, water use, and air emissions - and investigated opportunities for desalination, mineral recovery, and hybridization with other energy technologies for greater efficiencies and lower costs. The GeoVision analysis used a suite of modeling tools and scenarios to evaluate the performance of geothermal technologies relative to other energy technologies. The assessment included evaluating the potential role of existing and future geothermal deployment in both the electric sector and the heating and cooling sector. In the electric sector, the GeoVision analysis considered electricity generation from existing conventional (hydrothermal) geothermal resources as well as unconventional geothermal resources, such as enhanced geothermal systems (EGS). In the heating and cooling sector, the analysis modeled geothermal heat pumps (GHPs, also called ground source heat pumps) and district-heating systems using both conventional and EGS resources. The analysis culminated in a summary report, GeoVision: Harnessing the Heat Beneath Our Feet (DOE 2019), as well as eight supporting task force reports (Lowry et al. 2017, Doughty et al. 2018, Wendt et al. 2018, Augustine et al. 2019, Liu et al. 2019, McCabe et al. 2019, Millstein et al. 2019, Young et al. 2019). Among other results, key findings of the analysis indicate that optimized permitting could potentially double geothermal capacity by 2050; technology improvements could increase geothermal power generation nearly 26-fold from today; and increased geothermal deployment can provide economic and environmental benefits to the United States. The analysis also concludes that GHPs can provide heating and cooling solutions to the equivalent of 28 million households and geothermal district-heating systems could experience exponential growth - from 21 installations today to 17,500 nationwide. In addition to summarizing analytical results about geothermal energy opportunities, the report includes a Roadmap of actionable items on which the stakeholder community can engage to achieve the outcomes of the analysis. The GeoVision Roadmap is a comprehensive call to action to encourage and guide stakeholders toward the shared goal of realizing the deployment levels and resulting benefits identified in the GeoVision analysis.

15 GEOTHERMAL ENERGY↗
DOE OSTI2019

An Overview of the U.S. Department of Energy’s GeoVision Report

The U.S. Department of Energy's (DOE's) Geothermal Technologies Office (GTO) engaged in a multiyear research collaboration among national laboratories, industry experts, and academia to identify a vision for growth of the domestic geothermal industry across a range of geothermal energy types. The effort, called the GeoVision analysis, assessed opportunities to expand geothermal energy deployment by improving technologies, reducing costs, and mitigating barriers. The analysis also evaluated the economic and environmental impacts of such deployment - including industry growth, consumer energy prices, water use, and air emissions - and investigated opportunities for desalination, mineral recovery, and hybridization with other energy technologies for greater efficiencies and lower costs. The GeoVision analysis used a suite of modeling tools and scenarios to evaluate the performance of geothermal technologies relative to other energy technologies. The assessment included evaluating the potential role of existing and future geothermal deployment in both the electric sector and the heating and cooling sector. In the electric sector, the GeoVision analysis considered electricity generation from existing conventional (hydrothermal) geothermal resources as well as unconventional geothermal resources, such as enhanced geothermal systems (EGS). In the heating and cooling sector, the analysis modeled geothermal heat pumps (GHPs, also called ground source heat pumps) and district-heating systems using both conventional and EGS resources. The analysis culminated in a summary report, GeoVision: Harnessing the Heat Beneath Our Feet (DOE 2019), as well as eight supporting task force reports (Lowry et al. 2017, Doughty et al. 2018, Wendt et al. 2018, Augustine et al. 2019, Liu et al. 2019, McCabe et al. 2019, Millstein et al. 2019, Young et al. 2019). Among other results, key findings of the analysis indicate that optimized permitting could potentially double geothermal capacity by 2050; technology improvements could increase geothermal power generation nearly 26-fold from today; and increased geothermal deployment can provide economic and environmental benefits to the United States. The analysis also concludes that GHPs can provide heating and cooling solutions to the equivalent of 28 million households and geothermal district-heating systems could experience exponential growth - from 21 installations today to 17,500 nationwide. In addition to summarizing analytical results about geothermal energy opportunities, the report includes a Roadmap of actionable items on which the stakeholder community can engage to achieve the outcomes of the analysis. The GeoVision Roadmap is a comprehensive call to action to encourage and guide stakeholders toward the shared goal of realizing the deployment levels and resulting benefits identified in the GeoVision analysis.

40 EE - Geothermal Technologies Office (EE-4G)↗
DOE OSTI2018

GeoVision Analysis: Exploration Task Force Report

The GeoVision study effort included ground-breaking, detailed research on current and future market conditions and geothermal technologies in order to forecast and quantify the electric and non-electric deployment potentials under a range of scenarios, in addition to their impacts on the Nation’s jobs, economy and environment. Coordinated by the U.S. Department of Energy’s (DOE’s) Geothermal Technologies Office (GTO), the GeoVision study development relied on the collection, modeling, and analysis of robust datasets through seven national laboratory partners, which were organized into eight technical Task Force groups. The purpose of this report is to provide a central repository for the research conducted by the Exploration Task Force. The Exploration Task Force consists of four individuals representing three national laboratories: Patrick Dobson (task lead) and Christine Doughty of Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Anna Wall of National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Travis McLing of Idaho National Laboratory, and Chester Weiss of Sandia National Laboratories. As part of the GeoVision analysis, our team conducted extensive scientific and financial analyses on a number of topics related to current and future geothermal exploration methods. The GeoVision Exploration Task Force complements the drilling and resource technology investigations conducted as part of the Reservoir Maintenance and Development Task Force. The Exploration Task Force however has focused primarily on early stage R&D technologies in exploration and confirmation drilling, along with an evaluation of geothermal financing challenges and assumptions, and innovative “blue-sky” technologies. This research was used to develop geothermal resource supply curves (through the use of GETEM) for use in the ReEDS capacity expansion modeling that determines geothermal technology deployment potential. It also catalogues and explores the large array of early-stage R&D technologies with the potential to dramatically reduce exploration and geothermal development costs, forming the basis of the GeoVision Technology Improvement (TI) scenario. These modeling topics are covered in detail in Potential to Penetration task force report. Most of the research contained herein has been published in peer-reviewed papers or conference proceedings and are cited and referenced accordingly. The sections that follow provide a central repository for all of the research findings of the Exploration and Confirmation Task Force. In summary, it provides a comprehensive discussion of Engineered Geothermal Systems (EGS) and associated technology challenges, the risks and costs of conducting geothermal exploration, a review of existing government efforts to date in advancing early-stage R&D in both exploration and EGS technologies, as well as a discussion of promising and innovative technologies and implementation of blue-sky concepts that could significantly reduce costs, lower risks, and shorten the time needed to explore and develop geothermal resources of all types.

15 GEOTHERMAL ENERGY↗
DOE OSTI2018

GeoVision Analysis Supporting Task Force Report: Geothermal Hybrid Systems

This report documents findings from the Hybrid Systems Task Force of the U.S. Department of Energy's (DOE) Geothermal Technologies Office (GTO) Geothermal Vision Study (GeoVision Study). The GeoVision Study projects and quantifies the future electric and nonelectric deployment potentials of geothermal technologies within a range of scenarios in addition to their impacts on U.S. jobs, the economy, and environment. The Hybrid Systems Task Force is one of seven task forces within the GeoVision Study with the others being Exploration and Confirmation, Potential to Penetration, Thermal Applications, Reservoir Maintenance and Development, Institutional Market Barriers, and Social and Environmental Impacts. A summary of the study is captured in DOE’s report, GeoVision: Harnessing the Heat Beneath Our Feet. The Hybrid Systems Task Force investigated geothermal hybrid systems that have potential to increase the utilization of geothermal resources and/or decrease the costs of geothermal power generation. Applications evaluated include: hybrid thermal power generation in which geothermal energy is coupled with solar or fossil heat sources; use of geothermal energy to provide process heat for thermal desalination or CO 2 capture from fossil power plants; analysis of compressed air energy storage augmented with geothermal energy; as well as an assessment of potential mineral recovery from geothermal brines. This report additionally discusses areas of research and development that should be pursued to enhance the ability of geothermal hybrid systems to provide valuable benefits in operational flexibility, reduction of project risks, increased energy security, and the ability to recover critical and strategic materials.

15 GEOTHERMAL ENERGY↗
DOE OSTI2019

GeoVision Analysis Supporting Task Force Report: Electric Sector Potential to Penetration

This report describes research and analysis performed in support of the U.S. Department of Energy Geothermal Technologies Office for its Geothermal Vision Study. A summary of the study is captured in DOE’s report, GeoVision: Harnessing the Heat Beneath Our Feet and included ground-breaking, detailed research on geothermal technologies. The study projects and quantifies the future electric and nonelectric deployment potentials of these geothermal technologies within a range of scenarios in addition to their impacts on U.S. jobs, the economy, and environment. Coordinated by the U.S. Department of Energy Geothermal Technologies Office, the Geothermal Vision Study development relied on collecting, modeling, and analyzing robust data sets through seven national laboratory partners that were organized into eight technical task force groups. These task forces and their respective principal leading national laboratory are listed in Table F-1. The table also provides a guide to the final research documents produced by each GeoVision task force. In most cases, these were prepared as laboratory reports, and they are referenced accordingly. Consult these external reports for detailed discussions of the topics contained within, which form the basis of the GeoVision analysis.

15 GEOTHERMAL ENERGY↗
DOE OSTI2019

GeoVision Analysis Supporting Task Force Report: Impacts-The Employment Opportunities, Water Impacts, Emission Reductions, and Air Quality Improvements of Achieving High Penetrations of Geothermal Power in the United States

This report describes research and analysis performed in support of the U.S. Department of Energy Geothermal Technologies Office for its Geothermal Vision Study. A summary of the study is captured in DOE’s report, GeoVision: Harnessing the Heat Beneath Our Feet and included ground-breaking, detailed research on geothermal technologies. The study projects and quantifies the future electric and nonelectric deployment potentials of these geothermal technologies within a range of scenarios in addition to their impacts on U.S. jobs, the economy, and environment. Coordinated by the U.S. Department of Energy Geothermal Technologies Office, the Geothermal Vision Study development relied on collecting, modeling, and analyzing robust data sets through seven national laboratory partners that were organized into eight technical task force groups. These task forces and their respective principal leading national laboratory are listed in Table F-1. The table also provides a guide to the final research documents produced by each GeoVision task force. In most cases, these were prepared as laboratory reports, and they are referenced accordingly. Consult these external reports for detailed discussions of the topics contained within, which form the basis of the GeoVision analysis.

15 GEOTHERMAL ENERGY↗
DOE OSTI2019

GeoVision Analysis Supporting Task Force Report: Barriers-An Analysis of Non-Technical Barriers to Geothermal Deployment and Potential Improvement Scenarios

This report describes research and analysis performed in support of the U.S. Department of Energy Geothermal Technologies Office for its Geothermal Vision Study. A summary of the study is captured in DOE’s report, GeoVision: Harnessing the Heat Beneath Our Feet and included ground-breaking, detailed research on geothermal technologies. The study projects and quantifies the future electric and nonelectric deployment potentials of these geothermal technologies within a range of scenarios in addition to their impacts on U.S. jobs, the economy, and environment. Coordinated by the U.S. Department of Energy Geothermal Technologies Office, the Geothermal Vision Study development relied on collecting, modeling, and analyzing robust data sets through seven national laboratory partners that were organized into eight technical task force groups. These task forces and their respective principal leading national laboratory are listed in Table F-1. The table also provides a guide to the final research documents produced by each GeoVision task force. In most cases, these were prepared as laboratory reports, and they are referenced accordingly. Consult these external reports for detailed discussions of the topics contained within, which form the basis of the GeoVision analysis.

15 GEOTHERMAL ENERGY↗
DOE OSTI2019

GeoVision Analysis Supporting Task Force Report: Thermal Applications-Quantifying Technical, Economic, and Market Potential of Geothermal District Heating Systems in the United States

This report describes research and analysis performed in support of the U.S. Department of Energy Geothermal Technologies Office for its Geothermal Vision Study. A summary of the study is captured in DOE’s report, GeoVision: Harnessing the Heat Beneath Our Feet and included ground-breaking, detailed research on geothermal technologies. The study projects and quantifies the future electric and nonelectric deployment potentials of these geothermal technologies within a range of scenarios in addition to their impacts on U.S. jobs, the economy, and environment. Coordinated by the U.S. Department of Energy Geothermal Technologies Office, the Geothermal Vision Study development relied on collecting, modeling, and analyzing robust data sets through seven national laboratory partners that were organized into eight technical task force groups. These task forces and their respective principal leading national laboratory are listed in Table F-1. The table also provides a guide to the final research documents produced by each GeoVision task force. In most cases, these were prepared as laboratory reports, and they are referenced accordingly. Consult these external reports for detailed discussions of the topics contained within, which form the basis of the GeoVision analysis.

15 GEOTHERMAL ENERGY↗
DOE OSTI2019

GeoVision: Harnessing the Heat Beneath Our Feet - Analysis Inputs and Results

This submission includes input and results data from analysis done as part of the Geothermal Technology Office's Geothermal Vision Study (GeoVision). The submission includes data for both analysis of the electricity sector and the heating and cooling sector. For the electricity sector, the submission includes geothermal resource potential and development cost inputs for the ReEDS model and ReEDS model results of projected installed capacity and generation of geothermal and other technologies under the GeoVision scenarios. It also includes results from environmental and social impacts analysis. For the cooling sector, the submission includes geothermal resource potential and development cost inputs for the dGeo model and dGeo model results of economic, market, and deployment potential.

15 GEOTHERMAL ENERGY↗
DOE OSTI2015

GeoVision - Barriers Taskforce

This submission includes papers, presentations, and data developed during the multi-year GeoVision Barriers Taskforce effort. Developers have identified many non-technical barriers to geothermal power development, including land access, permitting, and market barriers. Included in this submission are three papers submitted to the Geothermal Resources Council (GRC) which detail how land access, permitting, and market barriers delay geothermal project development. Also included is the GeoVision Barriers Analysis Summary report, which projects and quantifies the future electric and nonelectric deployment potentials of geothermal technologies within a range of scenarios in addition to their impacts on U.S. jobs, the economy, and environment.

15 GEOTHERMAL ENERGY↗
DOE OSTI2017

Hybrid Geo-Solar GeoVision Case Study Analysis: CSP power plant with geothermal boiler feedwater heating

While stand-alone geothermal power plants provide reliable 24/7 baseload operation, most systems are subject to slow resource decline, and air-cooled plant performance suffers in hot weather. Stand-alone solar thermal power plants operate using a consistent, albeit intermittent, solar resource that requires thermal storage for reliability. Hybrid geothermal-solar power plants offer a number of potential advantages including boosted power generation during daylight hours when demand is typically greatest, the ability to share a common power block, and no requirement for thermal storage. The GeoVision hybrid systems analysis focused on aspects of hybrid technology that can increase the utilization of geothermal energy. Important aspects of the hybrid systems analysis therefore include evaluating conditions where hybrid technologies could decrease the costs of geothermal power generation and/or increase the viability of low temperature geothermal resources.

14 SOLAR ENERGY↗
DOE OSTI2019

GeoVision: Harnessing the Heat Beneath Our Feet

To evaluate opportunities for the success of geothermal energy, the U.S. Department of Energy’s Geothermal Technologies Office (GTO) initiated the GeoVision analysis. This rigorous technical analysis evaluated future geothermal deployment opportunities based on three core objectives: Increased access to geothermal resources; Reduced costs and improved economics for geothermal projects; Improved education and outreach about geothermal energy through stakeholder collaboration.

15 GEOTHERMAL ENERGY↗
DOE OSTI2017

Geothermal Desalination GeoVision Case Study Analysis: Multiple Effect Distillation

Multiple effect distillation (MED) was evaluated as the baseline technology for geothermal desalination. MED desalination plant mass & energy balances were modeled using a simplified method described in the open literature. GETEM was used to calculate hydrothermal and EGS resource costs in the Business-As-Usual and Exploration De-Risk GeoVision Study Scenarios. The levelized cost of water (LCOW) was evaluated for geothermal resources in the temperature range of 100°C to 200°C. The LCOH from geothermal resources in the scenarios evaluated is cost competitive with many of the heat sources examined for MED desalination applications discussed in the literature. In the Business-As-Usual Scenario a hydrothermal resource achieves the LCOW cost target of $1.50/m³ with resource temperatures of approximately 150°C and greater. A hydrothermal resource in the Exploration De-Risk Scenario achieves the LCOW cost target of $1.00/m³ at a resource temperature of 200°C. In all cases evaluated, higher temperature geothermal resources demonstrate increased ability to achieve the specified LCOW cost targets. The degree to which the geothermal resource, feed water source, cooling water, water market, and concentrate disposal site are co-located will have a significant impact on the viability of any geothermal desalination application. In practice, due to large variations in resource characteristics, site attributes, and application requirements, the economic and logistical feasibility of geothermal desalination is likely to be highly site- and application- dependent. Although EGS resources in the Exploration De-Risk Scenario do not achieve the LCOW cost target at the resource temperatures evaluated, EGS resources could be deployed at locations where hydrothermal resources do not exist, which would help to address co-location challenges.

15 GEOTHERMAL ENERGY↗
DOE OSTI2019

GeoVision: Barriers Task Force

This presentation summarizes the NREL technical report, GeoVision Analysis Supporting Task Force Report: Barriers An Analysis of Non-Technical Barriers to Geothermal Deployment and Potential Improvement Scenarios (https://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy19osti/71641.pdf).

15 GEOTHERMAL ENERGY↗
DOE OSTI2019

Introduction to the GeoVision Analysis

This fact sheet briefly summarizes the report, GeoVision: Harnessing the Heat Beneath Our Feet. Geothermal Energy has Wealth of Unrealized Potential in United States, with Opportunity to Increase Geothermal Electricity Generation 26-fold by 2050.

15 GEOTHERMAL ENERGY↗
DOE OSTI2019

GeoVision Analysis Supporting Task Force Report: Thermal Applications—Geothermal Heat Pumps

Geothermal heat pumps (GHPs), also referred to as ground-source heat pumps or Geo-exchange, have been proven capable of producing large reductions in energy use and associated carbon emissions for space conditioning and water heating in buildings. However, the current adoption rate of GHPs in the United States is still low, and GHPs receive little attention from either the public or policy makers. This report gives an overview of the status of GHP technology and its application in the United States, cost and performance of the state-of-the art GHP systems, barriers preventing wider adoption, and technologies under development that have potential to help overcome these barriers.

15 GEOTHERMAL ENERGY↗