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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 19 records
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2021

Ferromagnetic gyroscopes for tests of fundamental physics

Abstract A ferromagnetic gyroscope (FG) is a ferromagnet whose angular momentum is dominated by electron spin polarization and that will process under the action of an external torque, such as that due to a magnetic field. Here we model and analyze FG dynamics and sensitivity, focusing on practical schemes for experimental realization. In the case of a freely floating FG, we model the transition from dynamics dominated by libration in relatively high externally applied magnetic fields, to those dominated by precession at relatively low applied fields. Measurement of the libration frequency enables in situ determination of the magnetic field and a technique to reduce the field below the threshold for which precession dominates the FG dynamics. We note that evidence of gyroscopic behavior is present even at magnetic fields much larger than the threshold field below which precession dominates. We also model the dynamics of an FG levitated above a type-I superconductor via the Meissner effect, and find that for FGs with dimensions larger than about 100 nm the observed precession frequency is reduced compared to that of a freely floating FG. This is due to an effect akin to negative feedback that arises from the distortion of the field from the FG by the superconductor. Finally we assess the sensitivity of an FG levitated above a type-I superconductor to exotic spin-dependent interactions under practical experimental conditions, demonstrating the potential of FGs for tests of fundamental physics.

Physics↗
DOE OSTI2014

Modeling and optimizing of the random atomic spin gyroscope drift based on the atomic spin gyroscope

In order to improve the atom spin gyroscope's operational accuracy and compensate the random error caused by the nonlinear and weak-stability characteristic of the random atomic spin gyroscope (ASG) drift, the hybrid random drift error model based on autoregressive (AR) and genetic programming (GP) + genetic algorithm (GA) technique is established. The time series of random ASG drift is taken as the study object. The time series of random ASG drift is acquired by analyzing and preprocessing the measured data of ASG. The linear section model is established based on AR technique. After that, the nonlinear section model is built based on GP technique and GA is used to optimize the coefficients of the mathematic expression acquired by GP in order to obtain a more accurate model. The simulation result indicates that this hybrid model can effectively reflect the characteristics of the ASG's random drift. The square error of the ASG's random drift is reduced by 92.40%. Comparing with the AR technique and the GP + GA technique, the random drift is reduced by 9.34% and 5.06%, respectively. The hybrid modeling method can effectively compensate the ASG's random drift and improve the stability of the system.

46 INSTRUMENTATION RELATED TO NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND ↗
DOE OSTI2022

A MEMS Gyroscope for Reliable Long Duration Measurement While Drilling at 300°C

The 300°C Microelectromechanical system (MEMS) gyroscope project aims to contribute to DOE’s goal of increased geothermal drilling efficiency by 2025 through the development of a 300°C MEMS gyroscope for Measurement While Drilling (MWD). At the conclusion of the 2-year project, the team will develop a 300°C capable MEMS gyroscope containing GE’s patented Multi-Ring Gyroscope Transducer (MRGT) design, custom Silicon-On-Insulator (SOI) based frontend and feedback control electronics, and with demonstrated functionality and lifetime beyond 1000 hours. The project is divided into two budget periods with Go/No-Go decision at the end of the first budget period. The goal for the first budget period is to establish the feasibility of the MRGT and electronics design for meeting the 300°C performance requirements. The goal for the second budget period is to integrate the MRGT with the SOI-based application specific integrated circuit (ASIC) and demonstrate capability to operate at 300°C for 1000 hours. In Budget Period 1 we met the phase 1 goal. We successfully validated the combined MRG, electronics and packaging capability entitlement to achieving 0.5 degrees azimuth uncertainty while enabling operation at significantly higher temperatures than the state-of-the-art. In Budget Period 2, we successfully completed the integration of the MRGT and ASIC with associated high temperature, high reliability packaging to demonstrate the performance and functionality of the integrated gyroscope across the temperature range from room temperature to at 300°C. Furthermore, the team demonstrated operating life of >1,000 hours at 300°C, thus providing a validation of application-relevant lifetime capability.

15 GEOTHERMAL ENERGY↗
DOE OSTI2015

MEMS 3-DoF gyroscope design, modeling and simulation through equivalent circuit lumped parameter model

Pre-fabrication, behavioural and performance analysis with computer aided design (CAD) tools is a common and fabrication cost effective practice. In light of this we present a simulation methodology for a dual-mass oscillator based 3 Degree of Freedom (3-DoF) MEMS gyroscope. 3-DoF Gyroscope is modeled through lumped parameter models using equivalent circuit elements. These equivalent circuits consist of elementary components which are counterpart of their respective mechanical components, used to design and fabricate 3-DoF MEMS gyroscope. Complete designing of equivalent circuit model, mathematical modeling and simulation are being presented in this paper. Behaviors of the equivalent lumped models derived for the proposed device design are simulated in MEMSPRO T-SPICE software. Simulations are carried out with the design specifications following design rules of the MetalMUMPS fabrication process. Drive mass resonant frequencies simulated by this technique are 1.59 kHz and 2.05 kHz respectively, which are close to the resonant frequencies found by the analytical formulation of the gyroscope. The lumped equivalent circuit modeling technique proved to be a time efficient modeling technique for the analysis of complex MEMS devices like 3-DoF gyroscopes. The technique proves to be an alternative approach to the complex and time consuming couple field analysis Finite Element Analysis (FEA) previously used.

71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗
DOE OSTI2015

Enhanced sensitivity in a butterfly gyroscope with a hexagonal oblique beam

A new approach to improve the performance of a butterfly gyroscope is developed. The methodology provides a simple way to improve the gyroscope’s sensitivity and stability, by reducing the resonant frequency mismatch between the drive and sense modes. This method was verified by simulations and theoretical analysis. The size of the hexagonal section oblique beam is the major factor that influences the resonant frequency mismatch. A prototype, which has the appropriately sized oblique beam, was fabricated using precise, time-controlled multilayer pre-buried masks. The performance of this prototype was compared with a non-tuned gyroscope. The scale factor of the prototype reaches 30.13 mV/ °/s, which is 15 times larger than that obtained from the non-tuned gyroscope. The bias stability of the prototype is 0.8 °/h, which is better than the 5.2 °/h of the non-tuned devices.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2014

Super-large optical gyroscopes for applications in geodesy and seismology: state-of-the-art and development prospects

A brief survey of the history of the invention and development of super-large laser gyroscopes (SLLGs) is presented. The basic results achieved using SLLGs in geodesy, seismology, fundamental physics and other fields are summarised. The concept of SLLG design, specific features of construction and implementation are considered, as well as the prospects of applying the present-day optical technologies to laser gyroscope engineering. The possibilities of using fibre-optical gyroscopes in seismologic studies are analysed and the results of preliminary experimental studies are presented. (laser gyroscopes)

46 INSTRUMENTATION RELATED TO NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND ↗
DOE OSTI2022

Gyroscopic tensor of a magnetic soliton

The gyroscopic force acting on a ferromagnetic soliton reflects the tendency of spins to precess. Its components increase linearly with (generalized) velocities of the soliton. The proportionality coefficients form the gyroscopic tensor, a generalization of Thiele’s gyrovector. Originally introduced as an auxiliary quantity, the gyroscopic tensor turns out to be a mathematical object of fundamental importance with a long history going back to Lagrange. Here, we review the applications of the gyroscopic tensor and its historical roots.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2021

Gravity Probe Spin: Prospects for measuring general-relativistic precession of intrinsic spin using a ferromagnetic gyroscope

An experimental test at the intersection of quantum physics and general relativity is proposed: measurement of relativistic frame dragging and geodetic precession using intrinsic spin of electrons. Furthermore, the behavior of intrinsic spin in spacetime dragged and warped by a massive rotating body is an experimentally open question, hence the results of such a measurement could have important theoretical consequences. Such a measurement is possible by using mm-scale ferromagnetic gyroscopes in orbit around the Earth. Under conditions where the rotational angular momentum of a ferromagnet is sufficiently small, a ferromagnet’s angular momentum is dominated by atomic electron spins and is predicted to exhibit macroscopic gyroscopic behavior. If such a ferromagnetic gyroscope is sufficiently isolated from the environment, rapid averaging of quantum uncertainty via the spin-lattice interaction enables readout of the ferromagnetic gyroscope dynamics with sufficient sensitivity to measure both the Lense-Thirring (frame dragging) and de Sitter (geodetic precession) effects due to the Earth.

79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2024

High-Precision Low-Cost Micro Birdbath Resonating Gyroscope (CRADA Final Report)

As part of the Cyclotron Road program, Enertia Microsystems Inc. (EMI) investigated a high-performance micro mechanical resonator called the micro birdbath resonator and a high-precision micro electromechanical systems (MEMS) gyroscope called the birdbath resonator gyroscope (BRG). The BRG is a novel fused-silica MEMS gyroscope. The BRG can obtain significantly greater accuracy, comparable size, and comparable cost with MEMS gyroscopes made of silicon that are currently on the market.

47 OTHER INSTRUMENTATION↗
DOE OSTI2014

A dynamic system matching technique for improving the accuracy of MEMS gyroscopes

A classical MEMS gyro transforms angular rates into electrical values through Euler's equations of angular rotation. Production models of a MEMS gyroscope will have manufacturing errors in the coefficients of the differential equations. The output signal of a production gyroscope will be corrupted by noise, with a major component of the noise due to the manufacturing errors. As is the case of the components in an analog electronic circuit, one way of controlling the variability of a subsystem is to impose extremely tight control on the manufacturing process so that the coefficient values are within some specified bounds. This can be expensive and may even be impossible as is the case in certain applications of micro-electromechanical (MEMS) sensors. In a recent paper [2], the authors introduced a method for combining the measurements from several nominally equal MEMS gyroscopes using a technique based on a concept from electronic circuit design called dynamic element matching [1]. Because the method in this paper deals with systems rather than elements, it is called a dynamic system matching technique (DSMT). The DSMT generates a single output by randomly switching the outputs of several, nominally identical, MEMS gyros in and out of the switch output. This has the effect of 'spreading the spectrum' of the noise caused by the coefficient errors generated in the manufacture of the individual gyros. A filter can then be used to eliminate that part of the spread spectrum that is outside the pass band of the gyro. A heuristic analysis in that paper argues that the DSMT can be used to control the effects of the random coefficient variations. In a follow-on paper [4], a simulation of a DSMT indicated that the heuristics were consistent. In this paper, analytic expressions of the DSMT noise are developed which confirm that the earlier conclusions are valid. These expressions include the various DSMT design parameters and, therefore, can be used as design tools for DSMT systems.

71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗
DOE OSTI2015

Precise laser gyroscope for autonomous inertial navigation

Requirements to gyroscopes of strapdown inertial navigation systems for aircraft application are formulated. The construction of a ring helium – neon laser designed for autonomous navigation is described. The processes that determine the laser service life and the relation between the random error of the angular velocity measurement and the surface relief features of the cavity mirrors are analysed. The results of modelling one of the promising approaches to processing the laser gyroscope signals are presented. (laser gyroscopes)

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2018

The nonmagnetic component of the zero bias of a Zeeman laser gyroscope

The physical reasons for time and temperature drifts of the nonmagnetic component of the zero bias of a Zeeman laser gyroscope are investigated. A study is made of the nonmagnetic zero bias as a function of temperature and discharge current in a Zeeman laser gyroscope; constructive and technological solutions to its reduction are proposed. (laser gyroscopes)

71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗
DOE OSTI2020

Sub-Degree-Per-Hour MEMS Gyroscope for Measurement While Drilling at 300°C

The orientation module of MWD tool offers the critical drill bit orientation information, including azimuth, inclination and toolface in order to control the path of wellbore. Although high end navigation grade gyroscope can meet the accuracy requirement for azimuth finding, the requirements of cost, size and reliability under harsh environment have largely limited the deployment of gyroscopes in MWD tools. To overcome these constraints, GE Research has developed a low cost, MEMS based Multi-Ring Gyroscope (MRG) capable of azimuth-seeking in MWD applications at 300°C. The MRG prototype has been demonstrated to achieve angular random walk (ARW) better than 0.003 deg/rt(hr) and bias instability of 0.01 deg/hr, capable of meeting azimuth finding accuracy better than 0.25 deg. It has further been tested to remain fully operational at 300 °C.

15 GEOTHERMAL ENERGY↗
DOE OSTI2024

Bayesian optimization of Fisher Information in nonlinear multiresonant quantum photonics gyroscopes

Abstract We propose an on-chip gyroscope based on nonlinear multiresonant optics in a thin film χ (2) resonator that combines high sensitivity, compact form factor, and low power consumption simultaneously. We theoretically analyze a novel holistic metric – Fisher Information capacity of a multiresonant nonlinear photonic cavity – to fully characterize the sensitivity of our gyroscope under fundamental quantum noise conditions. Leveraging Bayesian optimization techniques, we directly maximize the nonlinear multiresonant Fisher Information. Our holistic optimization approach orchestrates a harmonious convergence of multiple physical phenomena – including noise squeezing, nonlinear wave mixing, nonlinear critical coupling, and noninertial signals – all encapsulated within a single sensor-resonator, thereby significantly augmenting sensitivity. We show that ∼ 470 × $\sim 470{\times}$ improvement is possible over the shot-noise limited linear gyroscope with the same footprint, intrinsic quality factors, and power budget.

42 ENGINEERING↗
DOE OSTI2019

Optically read Coriolis vibratory gyroscope based on a silicon tuning fork

In this work, we describe the design, fabrication, and characterization of purely mechanical miniature resonating structures that exhibit gyroscopic performance comparable to that of more complex microelectromechanical systems. Compared to previous implementations of Coriolis vibratory gyroscopes, the present approach has the key advantage of using excitation and probing that do not require any on-chip electronics or electrical contacts near the resonating structure. More specifically, our design relies on differential optical readout, each channel of which is similar to the 'optical lever' readout used in atomic force microscopy. The piezoelectrically actuated stage provides highly efficient excitation of millimeter-scale tuning fork structures that were fabricated using widely available high-throughput wafer-level silicon processing. In our experiments, reproducible responses to rotational rates as low as 1.8 × 10 3° h –1 were demonstrated using a benchtop prototype without any additional processing of the raw signal. The noise-equivalent rate, ΩNER, derived from the Allan deviation plot, was found to be <0.5° h –1 for a time of 10 3 s. Despite the relatively low Q factors (<10 4 ) of the tuning fork structures operating under ambient pressure and temperature conditions, the measured performance was not limited by thermomechanical noise. In fact, the performance demonstrated in this proof-of-principle study is approximately four orders of magnitude away from the fundamental limit.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2014

On the possibility of using the phase characteristic of a ring interferometer in microoptical gyroscopes

The prototype schemes of a microoptical gyroscope (MOG) developed to date on the basis of passive ring cavities imply the use of the amplitude characteristic only, since they operate using the dip in the transmission coefficient. We have analysed the possibility of creating a MOG, in which the phase characteristic is used as well. The phase characteristic of a ring interferometer has distinctive features in the vicinity of the cavity eigenfrequencies, which may be used to determine the angular velocity. A method for the angular velocity determination using both the phase and the amplitude characteristics of the interferometer is considered. (laser gyroscopes)

46 INSTRUMENTATION RELATED TO NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND ↗
DOE OSTI2015

Zeeman laser gyroscopes

The history of invention and development of Zeeman laser gyroscopes, specific features of their optical scheme and operation principle are described. The construction and element base of modern laser angular velocity sensors with Zeeman-based frequency biasing are considered. The problems and prospects of their development are discussed. (laser gyroscopes)

42 ENGINEERING↗
DOE OSTI2015

Effect of external and internal magnetic fields on the bias stability in a Zeeman laser gyroscope

With the specific features of electronic systems of a Zeeman laser gyroscope taken into account, the basic physical mechanisms of the magnetic field effect on the bias stability and the factors giving rise to the internal magnetic fields are revealed. The hardware-based methods of reducing the effect of external and internal magnetic fields are considered, as well as the algorithmic methods for increasing the stability of the bias magnetic component by taking into account its reproducible temperature and time dependences. Typical experimental temperature and time dependences of the magnetic component of the Zeeman laser gyro bias are presented, and by their example the efficiency of the proposed methods for reducing the effect of magnetic fields is shown. (laser gyroscopes)

71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗