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DOE OSTI2021

Linker-Free Magnetite-Decorated Gold Nanoparticles (Fe3O4-Au): Synthesis, Characterization, and Application for Electrochemical Detection of Arsenic (III)

Linker-free magnetite nanoparticles (Fe3O4NPs)-decorated gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) were grown using a new protocol that can be used as a new platform for synthesis of other intact metal–metal oxide nanocomposites without the need for linkers. This minimizes the distance between the metal and metal oxide nanoparticles and ensures the optimum combined effects between the two material interfaces. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy confirmed the successful synthesis of the Fe3O4-Au nanocomposite, without any change in the magnetite phase. Characterization, using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy, revealed the composite to consist of AuNPs of 70 ± 10 nm diameter decorated with tiny 10 ± 3 nm diameter Fe3O4NPs in Au:Fe mass ratio of 5:1. The prepared Fe3O4-Au nanocomposite was embedded in ionic liquid (IL) and applied for the modification of glassy carbon electrode (GCE) for the electrochemical detection of As(III) in water. By combining the excellent catalytic properties of the AuNPs with the high adsorption capacity of the tiny Fe3O4NPs towards As(III), as well as the good conductivity of IL, the Fe3O4-Au-IL nanocomposite showed excellent performance in the square wave anodic stripping voltammetry detection of As(III). Under the optimized conditions, a linear range of 1 to 100 μg/L was achieved with a detection limit of 0.22 μg/L (S/N = 3), and no interference from 100-fold higher concentrations of a wide variety of cations and anions found in water. A very low residual standard deviation of 1.16% confirmed the high precision/reproducibility of As(III) analysis and the reliability of the Fe3O4-Au-IL sensing interface. Finally, this proposed sensing interface was successfully applied to analyzing synthetic river and wastewater samples with a 95–101% recovery, demonstrating excellent accuracy, even in complex synthetic river and wastewater samples containing high concentrations of humic acid without any sample pretreatments.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗

DOE OSTI2026

Irradiation-Induced Grain Growth of gamma-Fe2O3 and Fe3O4 at Cryogenic Temperatures

This work reports the first observations of grain growth under irradiation of Fe oxides, specifically maghemite gamma-Fe2O3 and magnetite Fe3O4. The Fe oxide thin films were grown by Pulsed Laser Deposition and irradiated in-situ in a Transmission Electron Microscope at - 223°C using 1 MeV Kr2+ ions up to 8.75 x 10^19 ions/m^2 to study grain growth kinetics under irradiation. Grain growth at such low temperatures appears to follow kinetics that can be accounted for by the thermal spike model developed for metals in the literature. The corresponding activation energies were calculated and compared with other oxides. The results demonstrate that gamma-Fe2O3, despite its larger initial grain size, exhibits surprisingly fast grain growth in comparison with Fe3O4, likely due to the presence of iron vacancies in the crystal structure that facilitate faster atomic diffusion under irradiation.

Kretov, Dmitrii↗

DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on Fe3O4 by Materials Project

Fe3O4 crystallizes in the orthorhombic Cmcm space group. The structure is three-dimensional. there are two inequivalent Fe+2.67+ sites. In the first Fe+2.67+ site, Fe+2.67+ is bonded in a 6-coordinate geometry to six O2- atoms. There are two shorter (2.13 Å) and four longer (2.29 Å) Fe–O bond lengths. In the second Fe+2.67+ site, Fe+2.67+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form a mixture of corner and edge-sharing FeO6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 0–55°. There are a spread of Fe–O bond distances ranging from 1.97–2.10 Å. There are three inequivalent O2- sites. In the first O2- site, O2- is bonded in a square co-planar geometry to four equivalent Fe+2.67+ atoms. In the second O2- site, O2- is bonded to four Fe+2.67+ atoms to form distorted OFe4 tetrahedra that share corners with two equivalent OFe4 tetrahedra, corners with ten equivalent OFe5 trigonal bipyramids, and edges with two equivalent OFe5 trigonal bipyramids. In the third O2- site, O2- is bonded to five Fe+2.67+ atoms to form distorted OFe5 trigonal bipyramids that share corners with five equivalent OFe4 tetrahedra, corners with two equivalent OFe5 trigonal bipyramids, an edgeedge with one OFe4 tetrahedra, and edges with five equivalent OFe5 trigonal bipyramids.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗

DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on Fe3O4 by Materials Project

Fe3O4 is Spinel-derived structured and crystallizes in the trigonal R-3m space group. The structure is three-dimensional. there are three inequivalent Fe+2.67+ sites. In the first Fe+2.67+ site, Fe+2.67+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form FeO6 octahedra that share corners with six equivalent FeO4 tetrahedra and edges with six FeO6 octahedra. There are two shorter (2.08 Å) and four longer (2.11 Å) Fe–O bond lengths. In the second Fe+2.67+ site, Fe+2.67+ is bonded to six equivalent O2- atoms to form FeO6 octahedra that share corners with six equivalent FeO4 tetrahedra and edges with six equivalent FeO6 octahedra. All Fe–O bond lengths are 2.06 Å. In the third Fe+2.67+ site, Fe+2.67+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form corner-sharing FeO4 tetrahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 54–57°. All Fe–O bond lengths are 1.92 Å. There are two inequivalent O2- sites. In the first O2- site, O2- is bonded in a rectangular see-saw-like geometry to four Fe+2.67+ atoms. In the second O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted rectangular see-saw-like geometry to four Fe+2.67+ atoms.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗

DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on Fe3O4 by Materials Project

Fe3O4 is Hausmannite structured and crystallizes in the orthorhombic Imm2 space group. The structure is three-dimensional. there are four inequivalent Fe+2.67+ sites. In the first Fe+2.67+ site, Fe+2.67+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form FeO6 octahedra that share corners with six FeO4 tetrahedra and edges with six FeO6 octahedra. There are a spread of Fe–O bond distances ranging from 2.09–2.17 Å. In the second Fe+2.67+ site, Fe+2.67+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form corner-sharing FeO4 tetrahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 53–59°. There is two shorter (1.91 Å) and two longer (1.96 Å) Fe–O bond length. In the third Fe+2.67+ site, Fe+2.67+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form FeO6 octahedra that share corners with six FeO4 tetrahedra and edges with six FeO6 octahedra. There are a spread of Fe–O bond distances ranging from 2.00–2.08 Å. In the fourth Fe+2.67+ site, Fe+2.67+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form corner-sharing FeO4 tetrahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 55–58°. There is two shorter (1.90 Å) and two longer (1.98 Å) Fe–O bond length. There are four inequivalent O2- sites. In the first O2- site, O2- is bonded in a rectangular see-saw-like geometry to four Fe+2.67+ atoms. In the second O2- site, O2- is bonded in a rectangular see-saw-like geometry to four Fe+2.67+ atoms. In the third O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted rectangular see-saw-like geometry to four Fe+2.67+ atoms. In the fourth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a rectangular see-saw-like geometry to four Fe+2.67+ atoms.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗

DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on Fe3O4 by Materials Project

Fe3O4 crystallizes in the triclinic P1 space group. The structure is three-dimensional. there are six inequivalent Fe+2.67+ sites. In the first Fe+2.67+ site, Fe+2.67+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form edge-sharing FeO6 octahedra. There are a spread of Fe–O bond distances ranging from 1.95–1.98 Å. In the second Fe+2.67+ site, Fe+2.67+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form a mixture of corner and edge-sharing FeO6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 4–15°. There are a spread of Fe–O bond distances ranging from 2.05–2.22 Å. In the third Fe+2.67+ site, Fe+2.67+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form a mixture of corner and edge-sharing FeO6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 5–12°. There are a spread of Fe–O bond distances ranging from 2.00–2.14 Å. In the fourth Fe+2.67+ site, Fe+2.67+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form edge-sharing FeO6 octahedra. There are a spread of Fe–O bond distances ranging from 1.95–1.99 Å. In the fifth Fe+2.67+ site, Fe+2.67+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form a mixture of corner and edge-sharing FeO6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 4–15°. There are a spread of Fe–O bond distances ranging from 2.11–2.22 Å. In the sixth Fe+2.67+ site, Fe+2.67+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form a mixture of corner and edge-sharing FeO6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 5–15°. There are a spread of Fe–O bond distances ranging from 2.02–2.13 Å. There are eight inequivalent O2- sites. In the first O2- site, O2- is bonded in a rectangular see-saw-like geometry to four Fe+2.67+ atoms. In the second O2- site, O2- is bonded to five Fe+2.67+ atoms to form a mixture of corner and edge-sharing OFe5 square pyramids. In the third O2- site, O2- is bonded to five Fe+2.67+ atoms to form a mixture of corner and edge-sharing OFe5 square pyramids. In the fourth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a see-saw-like geometry to four Fe+2.67+ atoms. In the fifth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a rectangular see-saw-like geometry to four Fe+2.67+ atoms. In the sixth O2- site, O2- is bonded to five Fe+2.67+ atoms to form a mixture of corner and edge-sharing OFe5 square pyramids. In the seventh O2- site, O2- is bonded to five Fe+2.67+ atoms to form a mixture of corner and edge-sharing OFe5 square pyramids. In the eighth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a rectangular see-saw-like geometry to four Fe+2.67+ atoms.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗

DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on Fe3O4 by Materials Project

Fe3O4 is Hausmannite structured and crystallizes in the orthorhombic Pbcm space group. The structure is three-dimensional. there are six inequivalent Fe+2.67+ sites. In the first Fe+2.67+ site, Fe+2.67+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form FeO6 octahedra that share corners with six FeO4 tetrahedra and edges with six FeO6 octahedra. There are a spread of Fe–O bond distances ranging from 2.09–2.17 Å. In the second Fe+2.67+ site, Fe+2.67+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form FeO6 octahedra that share corners with six FeO4 tetrahedra and edges with six FeO6 octahedra. There are a spread of Fe–O bond distances ranging from 2.01–2.12 Å. In the third Fe+2.67+ site, Fe+2.67+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form FeO6 octahedra that share corners with six FeO4 tetrahedra and edges with six FeO6 octahedra. There are a spread of Fe–O bond distances ranging from 2.04–2.07 Å. In the fourth Fe+2.67+ site, Fe+2.67+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form FeO6 octahedra that share corners with six FeO4 tetrahedra and edges with six FeO6 octahedra. There are a spread of Fe–O bond distances ranging from 2.11–2.19 Å. In the fifth Fe+2.67+ site, Fe+2.67+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form corner-sharing FeO4 tetrahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 51–62°. There are a spread of Fe–O bond distances ranging from 1.91–1.98 Å. In the sixth Fe+2.67+ site, Fe+2.67+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form corner-sharing FeO4 tetrahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 51–60°. There are a spread of Fe–O bond distances ranging from 1.91–1.96 Å. There are six inequivalent O2- sites. In the first O2- site, O2- is bonded in a rectangular see-saw-like geometry to four Fe+2.67+ atoms. In the second O2- site, O2- is bonded in a rectangular see-saw-like geometry to four Fe+2.67+ atoms. In the third O2- site, O2- is bonded to four Fe+2.67+ atoms to form distorted corner-sharing OFe4 trigonal pyramids. In the fourth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted rectangular see-saw-like geometry to four Fe+2.67+ atoms. In the fifth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a rectangular see-saw-like geometry to four Fe+2.67+ atoms. In the sixth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a rectangular see-saw-like geometry to four Fe+2.67+ atoms.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗

DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on Fe3O4 by Materials Project

Fe3O4 crystallizes in the monoclinic Pc space group. The structure is three-dimensional. there are six inequivalent Fe+2.67+ sites. In the first Fe+2.67+ site, Fe+2.67+ is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to eight O2- atoms. There are a spread of Fe–O bond distances ranging from 2.10–2.75 Å. In the second Fe+2.67+ site, Fe+2.67+ is bonded in a 6-coordinate geometry to six O2- atoms. There are a spread of Fe–O bond distances ranging from 2.11–2.35 Å. In the third Fe+2.67+ site, Fe+2.67+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form a mixture of edge and corner-sharing FeO6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 1–54°. There are a spread of Fe–O bond distances ranging from 1.99–2.11 Å. In the fourth Fe+2.67+ site, Fe+2.67+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form a mixture of edge and corner-sharing FeO6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 1–54°. There are a spread of Fe–O bond distances ranging from 1.96–2.14 Å. In the fifth Fe+2.67+ site, Fe+2.67+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form a mixture of edge and corner-sharing FeO6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 1–56°. There are a spread of Fe–O bond distances ranging from 1.98–2.13 Å. In the sixth Fe+2.67+ site, Fe+2.67+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form a mixture of edge and corner-sharing FeO6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 1–56°. There are a spread of Fe–O bond distances ranging from 1.97–2.17 Å. There are eight inequivalent O2- sites. In the first O2- site, O2- is bonded to five Fe+2.67+ atoms to form distorted OFe5 trigonal bipyramids that share corners with five OFe4 tetrahedra, corners with two equivalent OFe5 trigonal bipyramids, an edgeedge with one OFe4 tetrahedra, and edges with three OFe5 trigonal bipyramids. In the second O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 5-coordinate geometry to five Fe+2.67+ atoms. In the third O2- site, O2- is bonded to five Fe+2.67+ atoms to form distorted OFe5 trigonal bipyramids that share corners with five OFe4 tetrahedra, corners with two equivalent OFe5 trigonal bipyramids, an edgeedge with one OFe4 tetrahedra, and edges with three OFe5 trigonal bipyramids. In the fourth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 5-coordinate geometry to five Fe+2.67+ atoms. In the fifth O2- site, O2- is bonded to four Fe+2.67+ atoms to form distorted OFe4 tetrahedra that share corners with two equivalent OFe4 tetrahedra, corners with eight OFe5 trigonal bipyramids, and edges with two OFe5 trigonal bipyramids. In the sixth O2- site, O2- is bonded to four Fe+2.67+ atoms to form distorted OFe4 tetrahedra that share corners with two equivalent OFe4 tetrahedra and corners with two OFe5 trigonal bipyramids. In the seventh O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted rectangular see-saw-like geometry to five Fe+2.67+ atoms. In the eighth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a rectangular see-saw-like geometry to five Fe+2.67+ atoms.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗

DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on Fe3O4 by Materials Project

Fe3O4 crystallizes in the triclinic P1 space group. The structure is three-dimensional. there are six inequivalent Fe+2.67+ sites. In the first Fe+2.67+ site, Fe+2.67+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form a mixture of corner and edge-sharing FeO6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 7–56°. There are a spread of Fe–O bond distances ranging from 2.01–2.10 Å. In the second Fe+2.67+ site, Fe+2.67+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form a mixture of corner and edge-sharing FeO6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 7–55°. There are a spread of Fe–O bond distances ranging from 1.94–2.13 Å. In the third Fe+2.67+ site, Fe+2.67+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form a mixture of corner and edge-sharing FeO6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 6–56°. There are a spread of Fe–O bond distances ranging from 1.97–2.11 Å. In the fourth Fe+2.67+ site, Fe+2.67+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form a mixture of corner and edge-sharing FeO6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 6–55°. There are a spread of Fe–O bond distances ranging from 1.98–2.13 Å. In the fifth Fe+2.67+ site, Fe+2.67+ is bonded in a 7-coordinate geometry to seven O2- atoms. There are a spread of Fe–O bond distances ranging from 2.11–2.53 Å. In the sixth Fe+2.67+ site, Fe+2.67+ is bonded in a 7-coordinate geometry to seven O2- atoms. There are a spread of Fe–O bond distances ranging from 2.13–2.52 Å. There are eight inequivalent O2- sites. In the first O2- site, O2- is bonded to four Fe+2.67+ atoms to form distorted OFe4 tetrahedra that share corners with two equivalent OFe5 square pyramids, corners with two equivalent OFe4 tetrahedra, corners with ten OFe5 trigonal bipyramids, edges with two equivalent OFe5 square pyramids, and edges with two OFe5 trigonal bipyramids. In the second O2- site, O2- is bonded to four Fe+2.67+ atoms to form distorted OFe4 tetrahedra that share corners with two equivalent OFe5 square pyramids, corners with two equivalent OFe4 tetrahedra, corners with ten OFe5 trigonal bipyramids, edges with two equivalent OFe5 square pyramids, and edges with two OFe5 trigonal bipyramids. In the third O2- site, O2- is bonded to five Fe+2.67+ atoms to form distorted OFe5 trigonal bipyramids that share corners with two equivalent OFe5 square pyramids, corners with five OFe4 tetrahedra, corners with two equivalent OFe5 trigonal bipyramids, edges with three equivalent OFe5 square pyramids, an edgeedge with one OFe4 tetrahedra, and edges with five OFe5 trigonal bipyramids. In the fourth O2- site, O2- is bonded to five Fe+2.67+ atoms to form distorted OFe5 trigonal bipyramids that share corners with six OFe5 square pyramids, corners with five OFe4 tetrahedra, corners with two equivalent OFe5 trigonal bipyramids, an edgeedge with one OFe5 square pyramid, an edgeedge with one OFe4 tetrahedra, and edges with five OFe5 trigonal bipyramids. In the fifth O2- site, O2- is bonded to five Fe+2.67+ atoms to form distorted OFe5 trigonal bipyramids that share corners with six OFe5 square pyramids, corners with five OFe4 tetrahedra, corners with two equivalent OFe5 trigonal bipyramids, an edgeedge with one OFe5 square pyramid, an edgeedge with one OFe4 tetrahedra, and edges with five OFe5 trigonal bipyramids. In the sixth O2- site, O2- is bonded to five Fe+2.67+ atoms to form distorted OFe5 trigonal bipyramids that share corners with two equivalent OFe5 square pyramids, corners with five OFe4 tetrahedra, corners with two equivalent OFe5 trigonal bipyramids, edges with three equivalent OFe5 square pyramids, an edgeedge with one OFe4 tetrahedra, and edges with five OFe5 trigonal bipyramids. In the seventh O2- site, O2- is bonded to five Fe+2.67+ atoms to form distorted OFe5 square pyramids that share corners with two equivalent OFe4 tetrahedra, corners with eight OFe5 trigonal bipyramids, edges with two equivalent OFe5 square pyramids, edges with two equivalent OFe4 tetrahedra, and edges with four OFe5 trigonal bipyramids. In the eighth O2- site, O2- is bonded to five Fe+2.67+ atoms to form distorted OFe5 square pyramids that share corners with two equivalent OFe4 tetrahedra, corners with eight OFe5 trigonal bipyramids, edges with two equivalent OFe5 square pyramids, edges with two equivalent OFe4 tetrahedra, and edges with four OFe5 trigonal bipyramids.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗

DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on Fe3O4 by Materials Project

Fe3O4 is Spinel-derived structured and crystallizes in the monoclinic P2/m space group. The structure is three-dimensional. there are seven inequivalent Fe+2.67+ sites. In the first Fe+2.67+ site, Fe+2.67+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form FeO6 octahedra that share corners with six FeO4 tetrahedra and edges with six FeO6 octahedra. There are two shorter (2.10 Å) and four longer (2.15 Å) Fe–O bond lengths. In the second Fe+2.67+ site, Fe+2.67+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form FeO6 octahedra that share corners with six FeO4 tetrahedra and edges with six FeO6 octahedra. There are four shorter (2.05 Å) and two longer (2.07 Å) Fe–O bond lengths. In the third Fe+2.67+ site, Fe+2.67+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form FeO6 octahedra that share corners with six FeO4 tetrahedra and edges with six FeO6 octahedra. There are two shorter (2.05 Å) and four longer (2.06 Å) Fe–O bond lengths. In the fourth Fe+2.67+ site, Fe+2.67+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form FeO6 octahedra that share corners with six FeO4 tetrahedra and edges with six FeO6 octahedra. There are two shorter (2.08 Å) and four longer (2.16 Å) Fe–O bond lengths. In the fifth Fe+2.67+ site, Fe+2.67+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form corner-sharing FeO4 tetrahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 54–59°. There is one shorter (1.91 Å) and three longer (1.94 Å) Fe–O bond length. In the sixth Fe+2.67+ site, Fe+2.67+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form corner-sharing FeO4 tetrahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 55–59°. There is three shorter (1.92 Å) and one longer (1.95 Å) Fe–O bond length. In the seventh Fe+2.67+ site, Fe+2.67+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form FeO6 octahedra that share corners with six FeO4 tetrahedra and edges with six FeO6 octahedra. There are a spread of Fe–O bond distances ranging from 2.05–2.12 Å. There are six inequivalent O2- sites. In the first O2- site, O2- is bonded in a rectangular see-saw-like geometry to four Fe+2.67+ atoms. In the second O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted rectangular see-saw-like geometry to four Fe+2.67+ atoms. In the third O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted rectangular see-saw-like geometry to four Fe+2.67+ atoms. In the fourth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a rectangular see-saw-like geometry to four Fe+2.67+ atoms. In the fifth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a rectangular see-saw-like geometry to four Fe+2.67+ atoms. In the sixth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a rectangular see-saw-like geometry to four Fe+2.67+ atoms.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗

DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on Fe3O4 by Materials Project

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗

DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on Fe3O4 by Materials Project

Fe3O4 is Hausmannite-like structured and crystallizes in the orthorhombic Pmc2_1 space group. The structure is three-dimensional. there are ten inequivalent Fe+2.67+ sites. In the first Fe+2.67+ site, Fe+2.67+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form corner-sharing FeO4 tetrahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 52–60°. There is two shorter (1.93 Å) and two longer (1.95 Å) Fe–O bond length. In the second Fe+2.67+ site, Fe+2.67+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form FeO6 octahedra that share corners with six FeO4 tetrahedra and edges with six FeO6 octahedra. There are a spread of Fe–O bond distances ranging from 1.96–2.10 Å. In the third Fe+2.67+ site, Fe+2.67+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form FeO6 octahedra that share corners with six FeO4 tetrahedra and edges with six FeO6 octahedra. There are a spread of Fe–O bond distances ranging from 2.02–2.14 Å. In the fourth Fe+2.67+ site, Fe+2.67+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form corner-sharing FeO4 tetrahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 50–61°. There are a spread of Fe–O bond distances ranging from 2.01–2.08 Å. In the fifth Fe+2.67+ site, Fe+2.67+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form corner-sharing FeO4 tetrahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 55–64°. There are two shorter (2.00 Å) and two longer (2.11 Å) Fe–O bond lengths. In the sixth Fe+2.67+ site, Fe+2.67+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form FeO6 octahedra that share corners with six FeO4 tetrahedra and edges with six FeO6 octahedra. There are a spread of Fe–O bond distances ranging from 2.10–2.21 Å. In the seventh Fe+2.67+ site, Fe+2.67+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form corner-sharing FeO4 tetrahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 51–58°. There are a spread of Fe–O bond distances ranging from 1.90–1.98 Å. In the eighth Fe+2.67+ site, Fe+2.67+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form FeO6 octahedra that share corners with six FeO4 tetrahedra and edges with six FeO6 octahedra. There are a spread of Fe–O bond distances ranging from 2.01–2.10 Å. In the ninth Fe+2.67+ site, Fe+2.67+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form FeO6 octahedra that share corners with six FeO4 tetrahedra and edges with six FeO6 octahedra. There are a spread of Fe–O bond distances ranging from 1.94–2.12 Å. In the tenth Fe+2.67+ site, Fe+2.67+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form FeO6 octahedra that share corners with six FeO4 tetrahedra and edges with six FeO6 octahedra. There are a spread of Fe–O bond distances ranging from 2.02–2.18 Å. There are twelve inequivalent O2- sites. In the first O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted rectangular see-saw-like geometry to four Fe+2.67+ atoms. In the second O2- site, O2- is bonded to four Fe+2.67+ atoms to form a mixture of distorted edge and corner-sharing OFe4 tetrahedra. In the third O2- site, O2- is bonded in a rectangular see-saw-like geometry to four Fe+2.67+ atoms. In the fourth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a rectangular see-saw-like geometry to four Fe+2.67+ atoms. In the fifth O2- site, O2- is bonded to four Fe+2.67+ atoms to form a mixture of distorted edge and corner-sharing OFe4 trigonal pyramids. In the sixth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a rectangular see-saw-like geometry to four Fe+2.67+ atoms. In the seventh O2- site, O2- is bonded in a rectangular see-saw-like geometry to four Fe+2.67+ atoms. In the eighth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a rectangular see-saw-like geometry to four Fe+2.67+ atoms. In the ninth O2- site, O2- is bonded to four Fe+2.67+ atoms to form a mixture of distorted edge and corner-sharing OFe4 trigonal pyramids. In the tenth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a rectangular see-saw-like geometry to four Fe+2.67+ atoms. In the eleventh O2- site, O2- is bonded in a rectangular see-saw-like geometry to four Fe+2.67+ atoms. In the twelfth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a rectangular see-saw-like geometry to four Fe+2.67+ atoms.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗

DOE OSTI2020

Synthesis and enhanced electromagnetic wave absorption performances of Fe3O4@C decorated walnut shell-derived porous carbon

Not Available

Li, Zhenjiang↗

DOE OSTI2021

Quantitative assessment of the influence of external magnetic field on clustering of nano-Fe3O4 particles in cementitious paste

In view of active rheology control of cementitious materials, nano-Fe{sub 3}O{sub 4} can be added as responsive particles. Following the concept of magnetorheological fluids, it is assumed that magnetic nanoparticles will form chains or clusters in cementitious paste following magnetic field lines. A quantitative experimental validation of this assumption is presented herein. The clustering of nano-Fe{sub 3}O{sub 4} particles under magnetic fields is studied by mapping iron (Fe) element distribution in cementitious paste using energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. By means of image analysis, the Fe-element patterns are quantified by the deviation of Fe-elements in a unit area from the mean value expected in case of a uniform distribution, as expressed by coefficient of variation (COV). The magneto-rheological responses of cementitious pastes are evaluated using small amplitude oscillatory shear technique. Results show that the magneto-rheological effect exhibits a linear relationship with the relative change of COV, providing a quantitative validation of magnetic clustering in cementitious paste.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗

DOE OSTI2020