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At least 19 records

A lunar core of Fe-Ni-S.

It has been proposed that lunar samples were magnetized by a field created by a lunar core of molten Fe. Low abundances of siderophile elements in lunar rocks are compatible with formation of a metallic lunar core. A molten Fe core requires that the bulk of the moon was above, or close to, the melting point, a requirement which disagrees with most models of the lunar thermal regime. A core (or perhaps a layer or pockets) of molten Fe-Ni-S, at or close to the eutectic composition would act as a lunar dynamo, and be at a temperature (approximately 1000 C) consistent with some reasonable models of lunar thermal history. The existence of a Fe-Ni-S core would also partly explain the depletion in volatile elements in lunar basalts. Such a core, occupying up to 20% of the moon's radius, requires a bulk S content for the moon of only 0.3 wt %.

Brett, R.↗

Partitioning of siderophile elements in the Fe-Ni-S system - 1 bar to 80 kbar

Partition coefficients for Au, Ni, P, and Ge between solid Fe-Ni metal and sulfur-bearing metallic liquids have been measured at 7, 27 and 80 kbar. These are the only such data for Au, P, and Ge at high pressure. Comparison of the present partitioning results to those obtained at 1 bar indicate that only the 80-kbar Ge data differ significantly from the 1-bar experiments. Thus, many low-pressure partitioning experiments in the Fe-Ni-S-P system may have applicability to the greater portion of the earth's upper mantle or, alternatively, the entire mantle of Mars.

Jones, J. H.↗

Influence of temperature and the role of chromium on the kinetics of sulfidation of 310 stainless steel

The sulfidation of 310 stainless steel was studied over the temperature range from 910 K to 1285 K. By adjusting the ratio of hydrogen sulfide, variations in sulfur potential were obtained. The effect of temperature on sulfidation was determined at three different sulfur potentials: 39/sqNm, 0.014/sqNm, and 0.00015/sqNm. All sulfide scales contained one or two surface layers in addition to a subscale. The second outer layer (OL-II), furthest from the alloy, contained primarily Fe-Ni-S. The first outer layer (OL-I), nearest the subscale, contained FE-Cr-S. The subscale consisted of sulfide inclusions in the metal matrix. At a given temperature and sulfur potential, the weight gain data obeyed the parabolic rate law after an initial transient period. The parabolic rate constants obtained at the sulfur potential of 39/sqNm did not show a break when the logarithm of the rate constant was plotted as a function of the inverse of absolute temperature. Sulfidation carried out at sulfur potentials below 0.02/sqNm, however, did show a break at 1145 K, which is termed as the transition temperature. This break was found to be associated with the changes which had occurred in the Fe:Cr ratio of OL-I. Below the transition temperature the activation energy was found to be approximately 125 kj/mole. Above the transition temperature the rate of sulfidation decreased with temperature but dependent on the Fe:Cr ratio in the iron-chromium-sulfide layers of the OL-I. A reaction mechanism consistent with the experimental results has been proposed.

Rao, D. B.↗

Metamorphic effects in experimentally heated Krymka /L3/ chondrite

Experimental charges of the Krymka unequilibrated ordinary chondrite heated from 500-1000 C have been examined petrographically for evidence of metamorphism. Of the petrologic criteria commonly used to distinguish types 4-6 chondrites, only changes in opaque mineral compositions are observed. Chemical and textural observations indicate development of a fine-grained intergrowth of taenite + troilite beginning at 700 C due to melting within the metal-rich portion of the Fe-Ni-S system, and minor reduction of troilite to metal, possibly through sulfur loss at higher temperatures. Overall textural integration, glass devitrification, and significant Fe-enrichment of ferromagnesian minerals are not observed because the short duration of these experiments was not sufficient for the development of other changes normally attributed to metamorphism in ordinary chondritic meteorites.

Mcsween, H. Y., Jr.↗

On the chemical composition of L-chondrites

Radiochemical neutron activation analysis of Ag, As, Au, Bi, Co, Cs, Ga, In, Rb, Sb, Te, Tl, and Zn and major element data in 14 L4-6 and 3 LL5 chondrites indicates that the L group is unusually variable and may represent at least 2 subgroups differing in formation history. Chemical trends in the S/Fe rich subgroup support textural evidence indicating late loss of a shock formed Fe-Ni-S melt; the S/Fe poor subgroup seemingly reflects nebular fractionation only. Highly mobile In and Zn apparently reflect shock induced loss from L chondrites. However, contrasting chemical trends in several L chondrite sample sets indicate that these meteorites constitute a more irregular sampling of, or more heterogeneous parent material than do carbonaceous or enstatite chondrites. Data for 15 chondrites suggest higher formation temperatures and/or degrees of shock than for LL5 chondrites.

Neal, C. W.↗

Chemical studies of L-chondrites. I - A study of possible chemical sub-groups

Radiochemical neutron activation analysis of Ag, As, Au, Bi, Co, Cs, Ga, In, Rb, Sb, Te, Tl and Zn and major element data in 14 L4-6 and 3 LL5 chondrites indicates that the L-group is unusually variable and may represent at least 2 sub-groups differing in formation history. Chemical trends in the S/Fe-rich sub-group support textural evidence indicating late loss of a shock-formed Fe-Ni-S melt; the S/Fe-poor sub-group seemingly reflects nebular fractionation only. Highly mobile In and Zn apparently reflect shock-induced loss from L-chondrites. Data for L5 chondrites suggest higher formation temperatures and/or degrees of shock than for LL5 chondrites.

Neal, C. W.↗

Experimental investigations of trace element fractionation in iron meteorites. III - Elemental partitioning in the system Fe-Ni-S-P

Measurements of solid metal/liquid metal trace element partition coefficients, which are used to interpret the crystallization history of magmatic iron meteorite groups differ greatly between different research groups, using different experimental techniques. Specifically, partition coefficients measured utilizing 'static' experiments which approach equilibrium cannot be reconciled with the results of 'dynamic' experiments which mimic fractional crystallization. We report new tests of our 'static' experimental technique and demonstrate that our methodology yields reliable equilibrium values for Ni, P and Ge partition coefficients. Partition coefficients in the Fe-Ni-S-P system are well matched by interpolation between the Fe-Ni-S and Fe-Ni-P subsystems. In contrast, the predictions of 'dynamic' experiments do not agree with our measurements and, consequently, the ability of 'dynamic' experiments to reproduce iron meteorite Ge vs. Ni fractionation trends successfully must be regarded as fortuitous.

Malvin, D. J.↗

Metal with anomalously low Ni and Ge concentrations in the Allan Hills A77081 winonaite

The Ge content of metal in the Allan Hills A77081 winonaite was determined by high-sensitivity electron microprobe analysis. By optimizing analytical conditions for Ge determination, a detection limit of about 75 ppm could be achieved. In A77081 some small kamacite grains contain less Ni and Ge and more Co than coarse-grained metal. These small grains are always associated with sulfide, raising the possibility that anomalous metal is related to eutectic melting. However, when published partition coefficients for Ni and Ge in the Fe-Ni-S system are used to model fractionation of these elements during eutectic melting, one finds that secondary metal should be enriched in Ni and depleted in Ge. Thus, the positive Ni-Ge correlation found in this study is the opposite of the expected trend. No explanation for this discrepancy has yet been found. Nonetheless, the existence of anomalous metal is an indication that A77081, and probably other winonaites as well, have undergone some fractionation. This supports the notion that the high-temperature history of winonaites is related to the formation of IAB iron meteorites, whose silicate inclusions are very similar to winonaites.

Kracher, Alfred↗

Thermal diffusion in metal-sulfide liquids - Early results

Experiments were carried out to evaluate the Soret effect in liquid Fe-Ni-S-P alloys in order to gain a better understanding of the physical and thermodynamic properties of metallic liquids and to assess the possibility of systematic errors in Czochralski growth techniques. The metal-sulfide liquids were found to show a substantial Soret effect and, contrary to previous expectation, can be as large as that seen in the silicate system. The segregation is largely produced by S-Fe interactions. The P redistribution occurs to reduce activity gradients in P consequent upon S gradients, and P segregation can be approximately predicted in Fe-Ni-S liquids using the activity model of Jones and Malvin (1990). It is inferred that the sense of the Soret segregation, with P going to the cold end and S going to the hot end, is in accordance with the prediction of Malvin et al. (1986), who speculated that the crystal-pulling experiments of Sellamuthu and Goldstein (1985) was influenced by the Soret effect.

Jones, J. H.↗

Potassium-bearing Iron-Nickel Sulfides in Nature and High-Pressure Experiments: Geochemical Consequences of Potassium in the Earth's Core

Introduction: Potassium (K) as a large ion lithophile element has dominantly been concentrated in the Earth s crust and the mantle through differentiation, and in the form of K-40 contributes to the planet s heat budget. However, whether or not K also enters core-forming phases, has been debated for over three decades. Arguments favoring entry of K in the core are based on: (1) K-sulfide (with Fe, Ni, Cu, Na, and Cl; djerfisherite) found in highly reduced enstatite chondrites (or aubrites, enstatite achondrites); (2) demonstration that K, owing to an s-d electronic switch at high-pressure, exhibits transition- element like character, (3) solubility of measurable K in Fe-Ni-S liquids at high pressure, temperature conditions, and (4) models of cooling of the core that seem to require, besides convection, some form of radioactivity, and thus lending support to the experimental work. In this contribution, we assess the effect of sequestering K in the core, as it is perhaps an element that is a key to reconciling geochemistry, paleomagnetism, accretion, and thermal evolution models for the planet.

Keshav, S.↗

Asteroidal Differentiation Processes Deduced from Ultramafic Achondrite Ureilite Meteorites

Ureilites are the second largest achondrite group. They are ultramafic achondrites that have experienced igneous processing whilst retaining some degree of nebula-derived chemical heterogeneity. They differ from other achondrites in that they contain abundant carbon and their oxygen isotope compositions are very heterogeneous and similar to those of the carbonaceous chondrite anhydrous mineral line. Their carbonaceous nature and some compositional characteristics indicative of nebular origin suggest that they are primitive materials that form a link between nebular processes and early periods of planetesimal accretion. However, despite numerous studies, the exact origin of ureilites remains unclear. Current opinion is that they represent the residual mantle of an asteroid that underwent silicate and Fe-Ni-S partial melting and melt removal. Recent studies of short-lived chronometers indicate that the parent asteroid of the ureilites differentiated very early in the history of the Solar System. Therefore, they contain important information about processes that formed small rocky planetesimals in the early Solar System. In effect, they form a bridge between nebula processes and differentiation in small planetesimals prior to accretion into larger planets and so a correct interpretation of ureilite petrogenesis is essential for understanding this critical step.

Downes, Hilary↗

Core Formation on Asteroid 4 Vesta: Iron Rain in a Silicate Magma Ocean

Geochemical observations of the eucrite and diogenite meteorites, together with observations made by NASA's Dawn spacecraft, suggest that Vesta resembles H chondrites in bulk chemical composition, possibly with about 25% of a CM-chondrite like composition added in. For this model, the core is 15% by mass (or 8 volume %) of the asteroid. The abundances of moderately siderophile elements (Ni, Co, Mo, W, and P) in eucrites require that essentially all of the metallic phase in Vesta segregated to form a core prior to eucrite solidification. Melting in the Fe-Ni-S system begins at a cotectic temperature of ~940 deg. C. Only about 40% of the total metal phase, or 3-4 volume % of Vesta, melts prior to the onset of silicate melting. Liquid iron in solid silicate initially forms isolated pockets of melt; connected melt channels, which are necessary if the metal is to segregate from the silicate, are only possible when the metal phase exceeds about 5 volume %. Thus, metal segregation to form a core does not occur prior to the onset of silicate melting.

Kiefer, Walter S.↗

Materials Data on Fe(NiS2)2 by Materials Project

FeNi2S4 is Spinel structured and crystallizes in the cubic Fd-3m space group. The structure is three-dimensional. Fe3+ is bonded to four equivalent S2- atoms to form FeS4 tetrahedra that share corners with twelve equivalent NiS6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedral tilt angles are 56°. All Fe–S bond lengths are 2.12 Å. Ni+2.50+ is bonded to six equivalent S2- atoms to form NiS6 octahedra that share corners with six equivalent FeS4 tetrahedra and edges with six equivalent NiS6 octahedra. All Ni–S bond lengths are 2.30 Å. S2- is bonded in a distorted rectangular see-saw-like geometry to one Fe3+ and three equivalent Ni+2.50+ atoms.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗

Materials Data on Fe5Ni7S16 by Materials Project

Fe5Ni7S16 is Spinel-like structured and crystallizes in the triclinic P1 space group. The structure is three-dimensional. there are ten inequivalent Fe3+ sites. In the first Fe3+ site, Fe3+ is bonded to four S2- atoms to form FeS4 tetrahedra that share corners with four FeS6 octahedra and corners with eight NiS6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 54–59°. There are a spread of Fe–S bond distances ranging from 2.10–2.14 Å. In the second Fe3+ site, Fe3+ is bonded to six S2- atoms to form FeS6 octahedra that share corners with two equivalent FeS4 tetrahedra, corners with four NiS4 tetrahedra, an edgeedge with one FeS6 octahedra, and edges with five NiS6 octahedra. There are a spread of Fe–S bond distances ranging from 2.26–2.28 Å. In the third Fe3+ site, Fe3+ is bonded to six S2- atoms to form FeS6 octahedra that share corners with six NiS4 tetrahedra, edges with three FeS6 octahedra, and edges with three NiS6 octahedra. There are a spread of Fe–S bond distances ranging from 2.26–2.31 Å. In the fourth Fe3+ site, Fe3+ is bonded to six S2- atoms to form FeS6 octahedra that share corners with six NiS4 tetrahedra, edges with two equivalent NiS6 octahedra, and edges with four FeS6 octahedra. There are a spread of Fe–S bond distances ranging from 2.27–2.30 Å. In the fifth Fe3+ site, Fe3+ is bonded to six S2- atoms to form FeS6 octahedra that share corners with six NiS4 tetrahedra, edges with three FeS6 octahedra, and edges with three NiS6 octahedra. There are a spread of Fe–S bond distances ranging from 2.27–2.29 Å. In the sixth Fe3+ site, Fe3+ is bonded to six S2- atoms to form FeS6 octahedra that share corners with six NiS4 tetrahedra, edges with two equivalent NiS6 octahedra, and edges with four FeS6 octahedra. There are a spread of Fe–S bond distances ranging from 2.28–2.30 Å. In the seventh Fe3+ site, Fe3+ is bonded to six S2- atoms to form FeS6 octahedra that share corners with six NiS4 tetrahedra, edges with two FeS6 octahedra, and edges with four NiS6 octahedra. There are a spread of Fe–S bond distances ranging from 2.26–2.28 Å. In the eighth Fe3+ site, Fe3+ is bonded to six S2- atoms to form FeS6 octahedra that share corners with six NiS4 tetrahedra, edges with three FeS6 octahedra, and edges with three NiS6 octahedra. There are a spread of Fe–S bond distances ranging from 2.27–2.30 Å. In the ninth Fe3+ site, Fe3+ is bonded to six S2- atoms to form FeS6 octahedra that share a cornercorner with one FeS4 tetrahedra, corners with five NiS4 tetrahedra, edges with three FeS6 octahedra, and edges with three NiS6 octahedra. There are a spread of Fe–S bond distances ranging from 2.26–2.31 Å. In the tenth Fe3+ site, Fe3+ is bonded to six S2- atoms to form FeS6 octahedra that share a cornercorner with one FeS4 tetrahedra, corners with five NiS4 tetrahedra, edges with three FeS6 octahedra, and edges with three NiS6 octahedra. There are a spread of Fe–S bond distances ranging from 2.26–2.31 Å. There are fourteen inequivalent Ni+2.43+ sites. In the first Ni+2.43+ site, Ni+2.43+ is bonded to six S2- atoms to form NiS6 octahedra that share corners with three equivalent FeS4 tetrahedra, corners with three equivalent NiS4 tetrahedra, edges with three FeS6 octahedra, and edges with three NiS6 octahedra. There are a spread of Ni–S bond distances ranging from 2.30–2.33 Å. In the second Ni+2.43+ site, Ni+2.43+ is bonded to four S2- atoms to form NiS4 tetrahedra that share corners with four NiS6 octahedra and corners with eight FeS6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 55–60°. All Ni–S bond lengths are 2.17 Å. In the third Ni+2.43+ site, Ni+2.43+ is bonded to six S2- atoms to form NiS6 octahedra that share corners with two equivalent FeS4 tetrahedra, corners with four NiS4 tetrahedra, edges with three FeS6 octahedra, and edges with three NiS6 octahedra. There are a spread of Ni–S bond distances ranging from 2.29–2.34 Å. In the fourth Ni+2.43+ site, Ni+2.43+ is bonded to four S2- atoms to form NiS4 tetrahedra that share corners with five NiS6 octahedra and corners with seven FeS6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 56–60°. There are a spread of Ni–S bond distances ranging from 2.17–2.19 Å. In the fifth Ni+2.43+ site, Ni+2.43+ is bonded to six S2- atoms to form NiS6 octahedra that share corners with two equivalent FeS4 tetrahedra, corners with four NiS4 tetrahedra, edges with three FeS6 octahedra, and edges with three NiS6 octahedra. There are a spread of Ni–S bond distances ranging from 2.29–2.34 Å. In the sixth Ni+2.43+ site, Ni+2.43+ is bonded to four S2- atoms to form NiS4 tetrahedra that share corners with five NiS6 octahedra and corners with seven FeS6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 56–60°. There are a spread of Ni–S bond distances ranging from 2.17–2.20 Å. In the seventh Ni+2.43+ site, Ni+2.43+ is bonded to four S2- atoms to form NiS4 tetrahedra that share corners with four NiS6 octahedra and corners with eight FeS6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 55–59°. There are one shorter (2.16 Å) and three longer (2.17 Å) Ni–S bond lengths. In the eighth Ni+2.43+ site, Ni+2.43+ is bonded to six S2- atoms to form NiS6 octahedra that share corners with six NiS4 tetrahedra and edges with six FeS6 octahedra. There are two shorter (2.30 Å) and four longer (2.31 Å) Ni–S bond lengths. In the ninth Ni+2.43+ site, Ni+2.43+ is bonded to four S2- atoms to form NiS4 tetrahedra that share corners with four NiS6 octahedra and corners with eight FeS6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 56–59°. There are a spread of Ni–S bond distances ranging from 2.16–2.18 Å. In the tenth Ni+2.43+ site, Ni+2.43+ is bonded to six S2- atoms to form NiS6 octahedra that share corners with six NiS4 tetrahedra, edges with two equivalent NiS6 octahedra, and edges with four FeS6 octahedra. There are a spread of Ni–S bond distances ranging from 2.29–2.31 Å. In the eleventh Ni+2.43+ site, Ni+2.43+ is bonded to six S2- atoms to form NiS6 octahedra that share corners with six NiS4 tetrahedra, edges with two equivalent NiS6 octahedra, and edges with four FeS6 octahedra. There are four shorter (2.30 Å) and two longer (2.31 Å) Ni–S bond lengths. In the twelfth Ni+2.43+ site, Ni+2.43+ is bonded to four S2- atoms to form NiS4 tetrahedra that share corners with five NiS6 octahedra and corners with seven FeS6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 56–60°. There are one shorter (2.17 Å) and three longer (2.18 Å) Ni–S bond lengths. In the thirteenth Ni+2.43+ site, Ni+2.43+ is bonded to six S2- atoms to form NiS6 octahedra that share a cornercorner with one FeS4 tetrahedra, corners with five NiS4 tetrahedra, an edgeedge with one NiS6 octahedra, and edges with five FeS6 octahedra. There are a spread of Ni–S bond distances ranging from 2.30–2.34 Å. In the fourteenth Ni+2.43+ site, Ni+2.43+ is bonded to four S2- atoms to form NiS4 tetrahedra that share corners with five FeS6 octahedra and corners with seven NiS6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 56–59°. There are a spread of Ni–S bond distances ranging from 2.17–2.20 Å. There are thirty-two inequivalent S2- sites. In the first S2- site, S2- is bonded in a rectangular see-saw-like geometry to one Fe3+ and three Ni+2.43+ atoms. In the second S2- site, S2- is bonded to one Fe3+ and three Ni+2.43+ atoms to form distorted corner-sharing SFeNi3 trigonal pyramids. In the third S2- site, S2- is bonded in a rectangular see-saw-like geometry to two Fe3+ and two Ni+2.43+ atoms. In the fourth S2- site, S2- is bonded in a rectangular see-saw-like geometry to two Fe3+ and two Ni+2.43+ atoms. In the fifth S2- site, S2- is bonded in a distorted rectangular see-saw-like geometry to two Fe3+ and two Ni+2.43+ atoms. In the sixth S2- site, S2- is bonded in a rectangular see-saw-like geometry to two Fe3+ and two Ni+2.43+ atoms. In the seventh S2- site, S2- is bonded in a rectangular see-saw-like geometry to two Fe3+ and two Ni+2.43+ atoms. In the eighth S2- site, S2- is bonded in a distorted rectangular see-saw-like geometry to two Fe3+ and two Ni+2.43+ atoms. In the ninth S2- site, S2- is bonded to one Fe3+ and three Ni+2.43+ atoms to form distorted SFeNi3 trigonal pyramids that share corners with six SFe2Ni2 trigonal pyramids and an edgeedge with one SFeNi3 trigonal pyramid. In the tenth S2- site, S2- is bonded in a distorted rectangular see-saw-like geometry to two Fe3+ and two Ni+2.43+ atoms. In the eleventh S2- site, S2- is bonded in a rectangular see-saw-like geometry to three Fe3+ and one Ni+2.43+ atom. In the twelfth S2- site, S2- is bonded to one Fe3+ and three Ni+2.43+ atoms to form distorted SFeNi3 trigonal pyramids that share corners with three SFe2Ni2 trigonal pyramids and an edgeedge with one SFeNi3 trigonal pyramid. In the thirteenth S2- site, S2- is bonded to one Fe3+ and three Ni+2.43+ atoms to form distorted SFeNi3 trigonal pyramids that share corners with four SFe2Ni2 trigonal pyramids and edges with two SFeNi3 trigonal pyramids. In the fourteenth S2- site, S2- is bonded in a distorted rectangular see-saw-like geometry to three Fe3+ and one Ni+2.43+ atom. In the fifteenth S2- site, S2- is bonded in a distorted rectangular see-saw-like geometry to two Fe3+ and two Ni+2.43+ atoms. In the sixteenth S2- site, S2- is bonded to two Fe3+ and two Ni+2.43+ atoms to form distorted corner-sharing SFe2Ni2 trigonal pyramids. In the seventeenth S2- site, S2- is bonded to one Fe3+ and three Ni+2.43+ atoms to form a mixture of distorted edge and corner-sharing SFeNi3 trigonal pyramids. In the eighteenth S2- site, S2- is bonded to two Fe3+ and two Ni+2.43+ atoms to form a mixture of distorted edge and corner-sharing SFe2Ni2 trigonal pyramids. In the nineteenth S2- site, S2- is bonded in a rectangular see-saw-like geometry to two Fe3+ and two Ni+2.43+ atoms. In the twentieth S2- site, S2- is bonded in a distorted rectangular see-saw-like geometry to two Fe3+ and two Ni+2.43+ atoms. In the twenty-first S2- site, S2- is bonded in a distorted rectangular see-saw-like geometry to two Fe3+ and two Ni+2.43+ atoms. In the twenty-second S2- site, S2- is bonded in a distorted rectangular see-saw-like geometry to two Fe3+ and two Ni+2.43+ atoms. In the twenty-third S2- site, S2- is bonded to two Fe3+ and two Ni+2.43+ atoms to form a mixture of distorted edge and corner-sharing SFe2Ni2 trigonal pyramids. In the twenty-fourth S2- site, S2- is bonded in a rectangular see-saw-like geometry to two Fe3+ and two Ni+2.43+ atoms. In the twenty-fifth S2- site, S2- is bonded in a rectangular see-saw-like geometry to one Fe3+ and three Ni+2.43+ atoms. In the twenty-sixth S2- site, S2- is bonded in a rectangular see-saw-like geometry to three Fe3+ and one Ni+2.43+ atom. In the twenty-seventh S2- site, S2- is bonded in a distorted rectangular see-saw-like geometry to three Fe3+ and one Ni+2.43+ atom. In the twenty-eighth S2- site, S2- is bonded to one Fe3+ and three Ni+2.43+ atoms to form distorted SFeNi3 trigonal pyramids that share corners with six SFeNi3 trigonal pyramids and an edgeedge with one SFe2Ni2 trigonal pyramid. In the twenty-ninth S2- site, S2- is bonded to two Fe3+ and two Ni+2.43+ atoms to form a mixture of distorted edge and corner-sharing SFe2Ni2 trigonal pyramids. In the thirtieth S2- site, S2- is bonded to one Fe3+ and three Ni+2.43+ atoms to form distorted SFeNi3 trigonal pyramids that share corners with three SFeNi3 trigonal pyramids and edges with two SFe2Ni2 trigonal pyramids. In the thirty-first S2- site, S2- is bonded in a rectangular see-saw-like geometry to two Fe3+ and two Ni+2.43+ atoms. In the thirty-second S2- site, S2- is bonded to one Fe3+ and three Ni+2.43+ atoms to form distorted SFeNi3 trigonal pyramids that share corners with three SFeNi3 trigonal pyramids and edges with two SFe2Ni2 trigonal pyramids.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗

Materials Data on FeNiS4 by Materials Project

FeNiS4 is pyrite-derived structured and crystallizes in the monoclinic P2_1/c space group. The structure is three-dimensional. Fe3+ is bonded to six S+1.75- atoms to form FeS6 octahedra that share corners with four equivalent FeS6 octahedra and corners with eight equivalent NiS6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 62–66°. There are a spread of Fe–S bond distances ranging from 2.25–2.29 Å. Ni4+ is bonded to six S+1.75- atoms to form NiS6 octahedra that share corners with four equivalent NiS6 octahedra and corners with eight equivalent FeS6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 64–67°. There are a spread of Ni–S bond distances ranging from 2.34–2.36 Å. There are two inequivalent S+1.75- sites. In the first S+1.75- site, S+1.75- is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to one Fe3+, two equivalent Ni4+, and one S+1.75- atom. The S–S bond length is 2.10 Å. In the second S+1.75- site, S+1.75- is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to two equivalent Fe3+, one Ni4+, and one S+1.75- atom. The S–S bond length is 2.20 Å.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗

Materials Data on Fe(NiS2)2 by Materials Project

Computed materials data using density functional theory calculations. These calculations determine the electronic structure of bulk materials by solving approximations to the Schrodinger equation. For more information, see https://materialsproject.org/docs/calculations

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗

Materials Data on FeNiS2 by Materials Project

FeNiS2 crystallizes in the orthorhombic Imm2 space group. The structure is three-dimensional. there are two inequivalent Fe2+ sites. In the first Fe2+ site, Fe2+ is bonded in a tetrahedral geometry to four S2- atoms. There are three shorter (2.20 Å) and one longer (2.21 Å) Fe–S bond lengths. In the second Fe2+ site, Fe2+ is bonded in a rectangular see-saw-like geometry to four S2- atoms. There are two shorter (2.26 Å) and two longer (2.27 Å) Fe–S bond lengths. There are two inequivalent Ni2+ sites. In the first Ni2+ site, Ni2+ is bonded in a square co-planar geometry to four S2- atoms. All Ni–S bond lengths are 2.24 Å. In the second Ni2+ site, Ni2+ is bonded in a square co-planar geometry to four S2- atoms. There are two shorter (2.23 Å) and two longer (2.24 Å) Ni–S bond lengths. There are three inequivalent S2- sites. In the first S2- site, S2- is bonded in a 1-coordinate geometry to three Fe2+ and one Ni2+ atom. In the second S2- site, S2- is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to one Fe2+ and three Ni2+ atoms. In the third S2- site, S2- is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to two Fe2+ and two Ni2+ atoms.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗

Materials Data on FeNi35S32 by Materials Project

FeNi35S32 crystallizes in the orthorhombic I222 space group. The structure is three-dimensional. Fe2+ is bonded to four equivalent S2- atoms to form FeS4 tetrahedra that share corners with four equivalent NiS5 square pyramids, corners with eight NiS5 trigonal bipyramids, and edges with two equivalent NiS4 tetrahedra. All Fe–S bond lengths are 2.15 Å. There are twelve inequivalent Ni+1.77+ sites. In the first Ni+1.77+ site, Ni+1.77+ is bonded to five S2- atoms to form NiS5 square pyramids that share corners with nine NiS4 tetrahedra, a cornercorner with one NiS5 trigonal bipyramid, edges with three NiS5 square pyramids, an edgeedge with one NiS4 tetrahedra, and an edgeedge with one NiS5 trigonal bipyramid. There are a spread of Ni–S bond distances ranging from 2.26–2.32 Å. In the second Ni+1.77+ site, Ni+1.77+ is bonded to five S2- atoms to form NiS5 square pyramids that share a cornercorner with one FeS4 tetrahedra, corners with eight NiS4 tetrahedra, a cornercorner with one NiS5 trigonal bipyramid, edges with three NiS5 square pyramids, an edgeedge with one NiS4 tetrahedra, and an edgeedge with one NiS5 trigonal bipyramid. There are a spread of Ni–S bond distances ranging from 2.26–2.31 Å. In the third Ni+1.77+ site, Ni+1.77+ is bonded to four S2- atoms to form NiS4 tetrahedra that share corners with four NiS5 square pyramids, corners with four NiS4 tetrahedra, corners with two NiS5 trigonal bipyramids, edges with two NiS5 square pyramids, and an edgeedge with one NiS4 tetrahedra. There are two shorter (2.22 Å) and two longer (2.24 Å) Ni–S bond lengths. In the fourth Ni+1.77+ site, Ni+1.77+ is bonded to four S2- atoms to form NiS4 tetrahedra that share corners with six NiS5 square pyramids, corners with six NiS4 tetrahedra, and corners with four NiS5 trigonal bipyramids. There are two shorter (2.17 Å) and two longer (2.18 Å) Ni–S bond lengths. In the fifth Ni+1.77+ site, Ni+1.77+ is bonded to four S2- atoms to form NiS4 tetrahedra that share corners with two equivalent NiS5 square pyramids, corners with four NiS4 tetrahedra, corners with four NiS5 trigonal bipyramids, an edgeedge with one FeS4 tetrahedra, and edges with two equivalent NiS5 trigonal bipyramids. There are two shorter (2.24 Å) and two longer (2.25 Å) Ni–S bond lengths. In the sixth Ni+1.77+ site, Ni+1.77+ is bonded to four S2- atoms to form NiS4 tetrahedra that share corners with two equivalent NiS5 square pyramids, corners with four NiS4 tetrahedra, corners with four NiS5 trigonal bipyramids, an edgeedge with one NiS4 tetrahedra, and edges with two equivalent NiS5 trigonal bipyramids. There are two shorter (2.25 Å) and two longer (2.26 Å) Ni–S bond lengths. In the seventh Ni+1.77+ site, Ni+1.77+ is bonded to four S2- atoms to form NiS4 tetrahedra that share corners with two equivalent NiS5 square pyramids, corners with six NiS4 tetrahedra, corners with two equivalent NiS5 trigonal bipyramids, an edgeedge with one NiS4 tetrahedra, and edges with two equivalent NiS5 trigonal bipyramids. There are two shorter (2.21 Å) and two longer (2.25 Å) Ni–S bond lengths. In the eighth Ni+1.77+ site, Ni+1.77+ is bonded to four S2- atoms to form NiS4 tetrahedra that share corners with two equivalent NiS5 square pyramids, corners with six NiS4 tetrahedra, corners with two equivalent NiS5 trigonal bipyramids, an edgeedge with one NiS4 tetrahedra, and edges with two equivalent NiS5 trigonal bipyramids. There are two shorter (2.21 Å) and two longer (2.25 Å) Ni–S bond lengths. In the ninth Ni+1.77+ site, Ni+1.77+ is bonded to four S2- atoms to form NiS4 tetrahedra that share corners with four NiS5 square pyramids, corners with four NiS5 trigonal bipyramids, and edges with four NiS4 tetrahedra. All Ni–S bond lengths are 2.22 Å. In the tenth Ni+1.77+ site, Ni+1.77+ is bonded to four equivalent S2- atoms to form NiS4 tetrahedra that share corners with four equivalent NiS5 square pyramids, corners with eight NiS5 trigonal bipyramids, and edges with two equivalent NiS4 tetrahedra. All Ni–S bond lengths are 2.19 Å. In the eleventh Ni+1.77+ site, Ni+1.77+ is bonded to five S2- atoms to form distorted NiS5 trigonal bipyramids that share a cornercorner with one NiS5 square pyramid, a cornercorner with one FeS4 tetrahedra, corners with eight NiS4 tetrahedra, an edgeedge with one NiS5 square pyramid, edges with two NiS4 tetrahedra, and edges with two NiS5 trigonal bipyramids. There are a spread of Ni–S bond distances ranging from 2.25–2.36 Å. In the twelfth Ni+1.77+ site, Ni+1.77+ is bonded to five S2- atoms to form distorted NiS5 trigonal bipyramids that share a cornercorner with one NiS5 square pyramid, a cornercorner with one FeS4 tetrahedra, corners with eight NiS4 tetrahedra, an edgeedge with one NiS5 square pyramid, edges with two NiS4 tetrahedra, and edges with two NiS5 trigonal bipyramids. There are a spread of Ni–S bond distances ranging from 2.22–2.39 Å. There are eight inequivalent S2- sites. In the first S2- site, S2- is bonded in a distorted pentagonal planar geometry to five Ni+1.77+ atoms. In the second S2- site, S2- is bonded in a distorted pentagonal planar geometry to five Ni+1.77+ atoms. In the third S2- site, S2- is bonded in a 5-coordinate geometry to five Ni+1.77+ atoms. In the fourth S2- site, S2- is bonded in a 5-coordinate geometry to five Ni+1.77+ atoms. In the fifth S2- site, S2- is bonded in a 5-coordinate geometry to five Ni+1.77+ atoms. In the sixth S2- site, S2- is bonded in a 5-coordinate geometry to five Ni+1.77+ atoms. In the seventh S2- site, S2- is bonded in a 5-coordinate geometry to five Ni+1.77+ atoms. In the eighth S2- site, S2- is bonded in a 5-coordinate geometry to one Fe2+ and four Ni+1.77+ atoms.

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