Fast Multi Harmonic Kickers Final Report
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43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗
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Fast Beam Switching Kickers
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43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗
Development of Design for the STS Extraction Magnet System
The Oak Ridge National Laboratory STS Project will enhance the Spallation Neutron Source by adding a new neutron source. The upgrade includes a 30% increase in beam energy and a 50% boost in beam current, doubling the accelerator's power capability to 2.8 MW. The Ring-to-Second-Target Beam Transport (RTST) system is vital in directing high-energy proton beams to the new second target station. New magnets have to fit into a restricted space within the existing beamline to add the new extraction line. New, fast kicker magnets (Pulsed Dipole), a focusing quad with an aperture for both beamlines (Large Quad) and the replacement of existing 21Q40 Quads with 'Narrow Quads' having identical fields as the existing design are Fermilab's responsibility. The design of these magnets poses unique challenges, as in addition to the high requirements on the quality of magnetic fields, they are subject to major restrictions related to their dimensions.
Chernenok, V. [Fermilab] (ORCID:0009000778148215)↗
Multi-Beam-Energy Control Unit Based on Triple-Bend Achromats
X-ray free electron lasers (XFELs) are the new generation of particle accelerator-based light sources, capable of producing tunable, high-power X-ray pulses that are increasingly vital across various scientific disciplines. Recently, continuous-wave (CW) XFELs driven by superconducting linear accelerators have garnered significant attention due to their ability to enhance availability by supporting multiple undulator lines simultaneously. In this paper, we introduce a novel delay system comprising four triple-bend achromats (TBAs). This delay system was combined with fast kickers and can be employed to generate electron beams on a bunch-to-bunch basis in a CW-XFEL facility. Based on the parameters of the Shanghai High-Repetition-Rate XFEL and Extreme Light Facility, start-to-end simulations demonstrate that the TBA-based delay system achieves excellent electron beam qualities while providing a wide beam-energy-tuning range from 1.39 to 8 GeV.
43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗
The fast non-ferric kicker system for the Muon g–2 Experiment at Fermilab
Here we describe the installation, commissioning, and characterization of the new injection kicker system in the Muon g – 2 Experiment (E989) at Fermilab, which makes a precision measurement of the muon magnetic anomaly. Three Blumlein pulsers drive each of the 1.27-m-long non-ferric kicker magnets, which reside in a storage ring vacuum (SRV) that is subjected to a 1.45 T magnetic field. The new system has been redesigned relative to Muon g – 2 ’s predecessor experiment, and we present those details in this manuscript.
43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗
RF Harmonic Kicker R&D Demonstration and Its Application to the RCS Injection of the EIC
The Rapid Cycling Synchrotron (RCS) of the Electron-Ion Collider (EIC) at Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL) is an accelerating component of the electron injection complex, which provides polarized electrons in electron-ion collisions in the main Electron Storage Ring (ESR). We present the injection scheme into the RCS based on an ultra-fast harmonic kicker, whose "five odd-harmonic modes" prototype was developed in the context of the Jefferson Lab EIC (JLEIC) conceptual design. In its early stage of R&D, the sharp (~3 ns width) waveform construction, beam dynamics, and pulsed power operation with short ramping time (~10 us) will be discussed together with the fabrication work of the JLEIC prototype.
Park, G. -T.↗
Delivery of H - / H + Beams to Area A
We explore the relative merits of transporting the beam from the H + ion source and from the H - ion source to Area-A for low current applications. Transporting the H - beam to Area-A using the laser neutralization approach has some risk associated with it and will require some development. Alternative method of delivering H - beam to Area-A includes replacing LDBM00 bending magnet with kicker for sharing beam between Line D and modified Line A. Transporting the H + beam to Area-A will have significant impact on the operation the IPF facility and maintaining high pulse rate to IPF will require major modifications to the transition region of the accelerator and Drift Tube Linac.
43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗
Measured dynamic aperture and detuning of nonlinear integrable optics
One of the most promising advantages of nonlinear integrable optics is strong amplitude dependent tune shift without degrading the dynamic aperture. The integrable optics test accelerator (IOTA) at Fermilab is constructed around nonlinear lattice elements of the elliptical type as described by Danilov and Nagaitsev. Detuning and dynamic aperture scans in IOTA were performed using a fast dipole kicker and a low emittance electron beam. The evolution of the dynamic aperture and detuning for different configurations of the integrable optics lattice are presented.
43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗
Measured Dynamic Aperture and Detuning of Nonlinear Integrable Optics
One of the most promising advantages of nonlinear integrable optics is strong amplitude dependent tune shift without degrading the dynamic aperture. The integrable optics test accelerator (IOTA) at Fermilab is constructed around nonlinear lattice elements of the elliptical type as described by Danilov and Nagaitsev. Detuning and dynamic aperture scans in IOTA were performed using a fast dipole kicker and a low emittance electron beam. The evolution of the dynamic aperture and detuning for different configurations of the integrable optics lattice are presented.
43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗
The feasibility of electron beam slip stacking in EIC Rapid Cycling Synchrotron
Announced in 2020, the Electron Ion Collider will be constructed at Brookhaven National Lab (BNL) by modifying the existing Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) facility. Among the alterations include the installation of an electron storage ring (ESR) and a Rapid Cycling Synchrotron (RCS) in the existing RHIC tunnel. The RCS will accelerate polarized electrons from 400MeV to 5GeV,10GeV and 18 GeV and transfer it to the ESR. The LINAC source produces 7nC per shot meanwhile the RCS requires 28nC per bunch of charge. Currently, it is planned to inject 4 bunches into adjacent RF buckets and then merge them into a single RF bucket using fields from several RF cavities. However, this requires a kicker with an exceptionally fast rise and fall time to inject into adjacent RF bucket without disturbing the existing circulating bunch and this requires harmonic RF kickers. Our study focuses on determining the feasibility of an alternate particle injection method that will utilize slip stacking, a method that accommodates the circulation of multiple beams with different momentum in the same azimuthal space of the beampipe, thus permitting the accumulation of charge from several shots into a single RF bucket. We find the momentum aperture required for slip stacking using current RCS beam parameters exceeds the RCS’s momentum deviation limit,dp/p = 1.5%. We determine the appropriate dimensions the beam must have to enable slip stacking and conduct a literature review of slip stacking schemes in other facilities. The literature review tentatively indicates that slip stacking has not been attempted on electron beams at a major accelerator facility.. The slip stacking approach has the potential to save the cost of the harmonic RF kicker and bunch merging cavities.
43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗
A High Power Prototype of a Harmonic Kicker Cavity
A harmonic kicker, a beam exchange device that can deflect the beam at an ultra-fast time scale (a few ns), has been developed in Jefferson Lab *, **. The high power prototype that can deliver more than a 100 kV kick at 7 kW was fabricated. The RF performance of cavity such as the harmonic resonant frequencies, kick profiles, it’s stability, and electric center is tested at bench. The cavity will eventually be tested with a beam at Upgraded Injector Test Facility (UITF) in Jefferson Lab. In this paper, we report some features of fabrication and bench test results. We also briefly describe our beam test plan in the future.
Park, Gunn↗
Design of the EIC hadron storage ring stripline injection kicker with a novel impedance tuning capability
The Electron-Ion Collider (EIC), to be built at Brookhaven National Laboratory, will be a high luminosity (~10 34 cm –2 s –1 ) nuclear science facility. To facilitate EIC experiments, the existing yellow ring of the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) will be reconfigured to serve as the Hadron Storage Ring (HSR). Designing a stripline injection kicker for the HSR beams, with high magnetic rigidity (~ 82 Tm), poses some technical challenges due to the required large pulsed voltage with long flattop duration, very fast rise time, expected shorter bunch spacing, and potential heating due to higher peak current. In addition, minimizing impedance mismatch in the transition region between the feedthrough and the stripline electrode is challenging. This paper focuses on the mechanical design and optimization of the HSR injection kicker, highlighting a novel impedance tuning capability achieved through an innovative kicker aperture adjustment mechanism. We comprehensively cover the design, including impedance optimization (both beam coupling and characteristic), beam-induced heating, and thermal analysis, and investigation of the maximum electric field due to high voltage signal excitation to ensure safe and reliable operation.
43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗
High-Voltage Pulsed Power Generator for Beam Injection Systems
Beam injection systems in hadron colliders require kickers generating ±50 kV peak voltages into a 50 Ω impedance, with peak currents of 1000 A and sub-10 ns rise and fall times. This paper presents a novel high-voltage pulse power generator utilizing a distributed pulser architecture. It combines gallium nitride (GaN) transistors in a Marx topology with an inductive adder, achieving nanosecond-scale switching speeds and high-power efficiency. Compared to other solutions such as based on MOSFETs or fast ionization dynistors, our development offers superior peak and average power performance, reduced system complexity, and enhanced reliability, marking a significant step forward in high-voltage pulse generation for accelerator applications.
Smirnov, Alexander (ORCID:0000000280631691)↗