Effects of Experimental Methods on the Measurements of a Nonlinear Structure.
Abstract not provided.
Catalfamo, Simone↗
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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.
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Gaseous Sulfate Solubility in Glass: Experimental Method
Sulfate solubility in glass is a key parameter in many commercial glasses and nuclear waste glasses. This report summarizes key publications specific to sulfate solubility experimental methods and the underlying physical chemistry calculations. The published methods and experimental data are used to verify the calculations in this report and are expanded to a range of current technical interest. The calculations and experimental methods described in this report will guide several experiments on sulfate solubility and saturation for the Hanford Waste Treatment Plant Enhanced Waste Glass Models effort. There are several tables of sulfate gas equilibrium values at high temperature to guide experimental gas mixing and to achieve desired SO3 levels. This report also describes the necessary equipment and best practices to perform sulfate saturation experiments for molten glasses. Results and findings will be published when experimental work is finished and this report is validated from the data obtained.
36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
Experimental methods for identifying failure mechanisms
Experimental methods for identifying failure mechanisms in fibrous composites are studied. Methods to identify failure in composite materials includes interferometry, holography, fractography and ultrasonics.
Daniel, I. M.↗
Correction of steel casing effect for density log using numerical and experimental methods in the slim borehole
Density log is widely applied for a variety of fields such as the petroleum exploration, mineral exploration, and geotechnical survey. The logging condition of density log is normally open holes but there are frequently cased boreholes. The primary calibration curve by slim hole logging manufacturer is normally the calibration curves for the variation of borehole diameter. In this study, we have performed the correction of steel casing effects using numerical and experimental methods. We have performed numerical modeling using the Monte Carlo N-Particle (MCNP) code based on Monte Carlo method, and field experimental method from open and cased hole log. In this study, we used the FDGS (Formation Density Gamma Sonde) for slim borehole with a 100 mCi 137Cs source, three inch borehole and steel casing. The casing effect between numerical and experimental method is well matched.
71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗
Experimental methods in the study of neutron scattering at small angles
Small angle scattering (SAS) is the collective name given to the techniques of small angle neutron (SANS) and X-ray (SAXS) scattering. They offer the possibility to analyze particles without disturbing their natural environment. In each of these techniques radiation is elastically scattered by a sample and the resulting scattering pattern is analyzed to provide information about the size, shape and orientation of some component of the sample. Accordingly, a large number of methods and experimental patterns have been developed to ease the investigation of condensed matter by use of these techniques. Some of them are the discussed in this paper.
75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗
Electron scattering by molecules. II - Experimental methods and data
Experimental techniques for measuring electron-molecule collision cross sections are briefly summarized. A survey of the available experimental cross section data is presented. The emphasis here is on elastic scattering, rotational, vibrational and electronic excitations, total electron scattering, and momentum transfer in the few eV to few hundred eV impact energy range. Reference is made to works concerned with high energy electron scattering, innershell and multi-electron excitations, conicidence methods and electron scattering in laser fields.
Trajmar, S.↗
A Novel Experimental Method for Measuring Coefficients of Restitution
A novel, experimental method is presented for measuring the coefficient of restitution during impact events. These measurements are used to indirectly validate a new model of elastic-plastic contact. The experimental setup consists of a stainless steel sphere that is attached at the bottom of a 2.2 m long pendulum. The test materials are of the form of 1 inch diameter pucks that the sphere strikes over a range of velocities. Digital image correlation is used to measure the displacement and velocity of the ball. From this data the coefficient of restitution is calculated as a function of velocity. This report details the experimental setup, experimental process, the results acquired, as well as the future work.
42 ENGINEERING↗
The Dynamic Response of a Wire-Wrapped Pin - A New Experimental Method
There is a present desire to experimentally acquire resolved strain and deflection along long, slender cylinders using non-visible and minimally invasive instrument techniques. This desire supports present safety related activities within the nuclear power industry. At present, no relevant technology has been demonstrated to support this function while satisfying the above requirements. This study presents and details a new method for experimentally quantifying the deflection of a cylindrical experiencing both static and dynamic loads. The method applies a distributed strain fiber-optic sensor which is helically wrapped along the axial length of the pin. An analytic relation is developed herein which decomposes the helical strain into both axial strain as well as axial deflection. This newly developed experimental method is compared against analytic solutions using ideal beam theory as well as independent and proven optical methods for the purpose of verifying the new method. The outcome of this study results in a new and verified method that quantifies the axial deflection distribution of a cylindrical pin. (authors)
11 NUCLEAR FUEL CYCLE AND FUEL MATERIALS↗
Binder jetting additive manufacturing of silicon carbide ceramics: Development of bimodal powder feedstocks by modeling and experimental methods
A limitation of binder jetting additive manufacturing is the low density of fabricated parts. Mixing powders with different sizes is a promising approach to increase powder bed packing density and, hence, printed part density. However, in previous studies mixed powder feedstock was prepared by trial and error method. In this research, both modeling and experimental methods were used to prepare the bimodal powder feedstocks. Analytical packing model was introduced for irregular powders. A bimodal powder was prepared by mixing two different-sized silicon carbide powders (i.e. coarse and fine) using ball mill, and their tap densities were measured. Silicon carbide plates were printed using the coarse and bimodal powders by a commercial binder jetting system. Results showed that the modeling method could predict the tap density of bimodal powders with high accuracy. The printed parts from bimodal powder achieved higher green densities than those from the unimodal powder.
36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
On the utility of conventional turbulence - Experimental methods in the study of plasma fluctuations.
Fluid dynamics turbulence experimental methods applications in study of plasma fluctuations, particularly space-time correlation and spectral techniques
Serafini, J. S.↗
A review of experimental methods to determine bioaerosol transfer in energy recovery ventilators
Increasing ventilation is an effective method to reduce indoor airborne disease transmission. An Energy recovery ventilator (ERV) is a passive energy recovery device used to reduce the energy consumption of heating, ventilation and air-conditioning (HVAC) systems for conditioning the ventilation air. It preconditions the ventilation air by transferring energy from building exhaust air. Therefore, the ventilation and exhaust air streams interact directly/indirectly in the ERV for energy transfer. It is surmised that the ERV may transfer bioaerosols (with pathogens) from the exhaust air to ventilation air, resulting in the spread of infectious diseases. Consequently, many pandemic HVAC guidelines recommend that the use of ERVs be limited. This is a highly unsustainable direction given the increased energy requirements associated with the high ventilation provision advocated for pandemic operation. It must be noted that no validated experimental evidence exists in literature for bioaerosol transfer in ERVs. Hence, it is necessary to conduct extensive bioaerosol transfer research before adopting the unsustainable practice of limiting the utilization of ERVs. The main objective of this review study is to summarize the experimental methods and instrumentation for bioaerosol transfer research in ERVs. This comprehensive article provides a detailed overview of the generation, sampling, and analysis of bioaerosols for conducting the experiments. Further, it explains the possible mechanisms for bioaerosol transfer in various types of ERVs based on which the ERVs that need immediate attention are identified. The main contribution of this research paper is that it provides a novel experimental method which encompasses the biosafety aspects, instrumentation, performance parameters and uncertainties in conducting virus contained bioaerosol transfer study in ERVs. The findings from this review will be helpful in designing bioaerosol transfer experiments and developing future ERV test standards for such experiments.
42 ENGINEERING↗
An Experimental Method for Measuring Water Droplet Impingement Efficiency on Two- and Three-dimensional Bodies
An experimental method was developed to determine the droplet impingement characteristics on 2-D and 3-D bodies. The experimental results provide the essential droplet impingement data required to validate water droplet trajectory codes, which are used in the analysis of aircraft icing. A body, whose water droplet impingement characteristics are required, is covered at strategic locations by thin strips of moisture absorbing (blotter) paper, and is exposed to an air stream containing a water dye solution spray cloud. Water droplet impingement data are extracted from the dyed blotter strips by measuring the optical reflectance of the dye deposit on the strips, using an automated reflectometer. Models tested include a 4-inch diameter cylinder, a NACA 652015 airfoil section, a MS(1)-0317 supercritical airfoil section, three simulated ice shapes, an axisymmetric inlet and a Boeing 737-300 inlet model. Detailed descriptions of the dye tracer technique, instrumentation, data reduction method and the results obtained are presented. Analytical predictions of collection efficiency characteristics for most test configurations are included for comparison.
Trajectory code validation↗
Impact Ice Adhesion at NASA Glenn: Current Experimental Methods and Supporting Measurements
When examining the literature on the adhesion strength of impact ice, there have been a wide range of methodologies tried to measure the required stresses to induce interfacial delamination. Utilizing the Icing Research Tunnel at the NASA Glenn Research Center to generate the impact ice required for this work, several different mechanical tests have been and are being developed to determine the stresses along the interface between ice and coupon. This set of tests includes the technical mature modified lap joint test which has been used to conduct ice adhesion studies through a wide sweep of icing conditions. To conduct in situ ice adhesion measurements inside of the Icing Research Tunnel, several new experiments are currently being developed to make ice adhesion measurements during and immediately after ice accretion. In addition to these experimental methods, several supporting measurement techniques have been developed to allow for a better understanding on the influence of icing cloud conditions on the mechanical behavior of impact ice. Digital image correlation has been successfully implemented to augment the data generated by the modified lap joint test with full field surface displacement and strain measurements which allow for insight into the deformation processes present during a test. Both optical microscopy of impact ice samples along with ice replication techniques have been used to study the grain structure of the impact ice. This has led to a deeper understanding of the results from the modified lap joint method and how the structure of impact ice changes as it is accreted during an icing spray. The freezing process of impact ice generated by supercooled liquid water is not a volume conserving process, which leads to the presence of residual strains along the interface between ice and substrate. These strains have been observed using both a simplified flat geometry and a representative airfoil. The data gathered by these experimental adhesion methods and supporting measurements allows for a comprehensive understanding on the behavior of impact ice which will be critical to the development of future ice shedding models.
Ice Adhesion↗
Impact Ice Adhesion at NASA Glenn: Current Experimental Methods and Supporting Measurements
When examining the literature on the adhesion strength of impact ice, there have been a wide range of methodologies tried to measure the required stresses to induce interfacial delamination. Utilizing the Icing Research Tunnel at the NASA Glenn Research Center to generate the impact ice required for this work, several different mechanical tests have been and are being developed to determine the stresses along the interface between ice and coupon. This set of tests includes the technical mature modified lap joint test which has been used to conduct ice adhesion studies through a wide sweep of icing conditions. To conduct in situ ice adhesion measurements inside of the Icing Research Tunnel, several new experiments are currently being developed to make ice adhesion measurements during and immediately after ice accretion. In addition to these experimental methods, several supporting measurement techniques have been developed to allow for a better understanding on the influence of icing cloud conditions on the mechanical behavior of impact ice. Digital image correlation has been successfully implemented to augment the data generated by the modified lap joint test with full field surface displacement and strain measurements which allow for insight into the deformation processes present during a test. Both optical microscopy of impact ice samples along with ice replication techniques have been used to study the grain structure of the impact ice. This has led to a deeper understanding of the results from the modified lap join method and how the structure of impact ice changes as it is accreted during an icing spray. The freezing process of impact ice generated by supercooled liquid water is not a volume conserving process, which leads to the presence of residual strains along the interface between ice and substrate. These strains have been observed using both a simplified flat geometry and a representative airfoil. The data gathered by these experimental adhesion methods and supporting measurements allows for a compressive understanding on the behavior of impact ice which will be critical to the development of future ice shedding models.
Ice Adhesion↗
An experimental method for determining the condensed phase heat of reaction of double-base propellants
Experimental method for determining condensed phase heat of reaction of deflagrating double-base propellant, defining minimum surface temperature at solid surface without heat feedback
Kirby, C. E.↗
An experimental method for directly determining the interconnectivity of melt in a partially molten system
An experimental method for directly determining the degree of interconnectivity of melt in a partially molten system is discussed using an olivine-basalt system as an example. Samarium 151 is allowed time to diffuse through mixtures of olivine and basalt powder which have texturally equilibrated at 1350 C and 13 to 15 kbars. The final distribution of samarium is determined through examination of developed radiographs of the samples. Results suggest an interconnected melt network is established at melt fractions at least as low as 1 wt pct and all melt is completely interconnected at melt fractions at least as low as 2 wt pct for the system examined.
Daines, Martha J.↗
Air cooling : an experimental method of evaluating the cooling effect of air streams on air-cooled cylinders
In this report is described an experimental method which the writer has evolved for dealing with air-cooled engines, and some of the data obtained by its means. Methods of temperature measurement and cooling are provided.
COOLING↗
Experimental Methods in Materials for Structural Impact Dynamics
Over the past two decades significant technological advances have completely changed the way in which experimental testing is conducted in Structural Impact Dynamics applications. Probably the two most significant advances have been the advent of high speed digital video cameras and the use of Digital Image Correlation techniques to measure deformations and strains at high rates. These advances have led to significantly more accurate measurements of material and structural response under high rate loading, which has also led to advances in computational modeling techniques for Impact Dynamics. In this address we will review the past, present and what the future may hold for experimental methods in the field of Structural Impact Dynamics.
Structural Impact Dynamics↗