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Maintaining the structural and functional homeostasis of the plant endoplasmic reticulum

The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a ubiquitous organelle that is vital to the life of eukaryotic cells. It synthesizes essential lipids and proteins, and initiates the glycosylation of intracellular and surface proteins. As such, the ER is necessary for cell growth and communication with the external environment. The ER is also a highly dynamic organelle, whose structure is continuously remodeled through an interaction with the cytoskeleton and the action of specialized ER shapers. Recent and significant advances in ER studies have brought to light conserved and unique features underlying the structure and function of this organelle in plant cells. Exciting developments in the understanding of the mechanisms for plant ER structural and functional homeostasis, particularly those that underpin ER network architecture and ER degradation, are presented and discussed in this work.

59 BASIC BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES↗

Materials Data on Pm3Er by Materials Project

ErPm3 is beta Cu3Ti-like structured and crystallizes in the hexagonal P6_3/mmc space group. The structure is three-dimensional. Er is bonded to twelve equivalent Pm atoms to form ErPm12 cuboctahedra that share corners with six equivalent ErPm12 cuboctahedra, corners with twelve equivalent PmPm8Er4 cuboctahedra, edges with eighteen equivalent PmPm8Er4 cuboctahedra, faces with eight equivalent ErPm12 cuboctahedra, and faces with twelve equivalent PmPm8Er4 cuboctahedra. There are six shorter (3.60 Å) and six longer (3.66 Å) Er–Pm bond lengths. Pm is bonded to four equivalent Er and eight equivalent Pm atoms to form PmPm8Er4 cuboctahedra that share corners with four equivalent ErPm12 cuboctahedra, corners with fourteen equivalent PmPm8Er4 cuboctahedra, edges with six equivalent ErPm12 cuboctahedra, edges with twelve equivalent PmPm8Er4 cuboctahedra, faces with four equivalent ErPm12 cuboctahedra, and faces with sixteen equivalent PmPm8Er4 cuboctahedra. There are a spread of Pm–Pm bond distances ranging from 3.61–3.67 Å.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗

Materials Data on Pm3Er by Materials Project

ErPm3 is Uranium Silicide structured and crystallizes in the cubic Pm-3m space group. The structure is three-dimensional. Er is bonded to twelve equivalent Pm atoms to form ErPm12 cuboctahedra that share corners with twelve equivalent ErPm12 cuboctahedra, edges with twenty-four equivalent PmPm8Er4 cuboctahedra, faces with six equivalent ErPm12 cuboctahedra, and faces with twelve equivalent PmPm8Er4 cuboctahedra. All Er–Pm bond lengths are 3.62 Å. Pm is bonded to four equivalent Er and eight equivalent Pm atoms to form PmPm8Er4 cuboctahedra that share corners with twelve equivalent PmPm8Er4 cuboctahedra, edges with eight equivalent ErPm12 cuboctahedra, edges with sixteen equivalent PmPm8Er4 cuboctahedra, faces with four equivalent ErPm12 cuboctahedra, and faces with fourteen equivalent PmPm8Er4 cuboctahedra. All Pm–Pm bond lengths are 3.62 Å.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗